初中英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时的用法ppt课件.ppt

现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态, , 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成have (has）+ + 过去分词过去分词现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 例句：例句：6.Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。7.How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？ 现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状时间状语语常与常与already, （肯定句）（肯定句） yet,（否，疑问句）（否，疑问句） never, ever, just, before, up to now, so far, 到目前为止到目前为止 for +一段时间一段时间 since +时间点时间点 these days, a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑用于否定句和疑问句。问句。 He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2. yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?b） never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而而ever 表示表示“曾经曾经” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间） He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用现在完成时的主要用法法. .表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间2. since +从句(一般过去时) 单词 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.since: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达）for+ 时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的动词与时间段的关系关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：等。等。为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思, ,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWWhave been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表，表示示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了” Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。 与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。 四四)It is +一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时一般过去时: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+某一过去时间或叙某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。连用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语: :yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(刚才刚才) )， 时间时间+ ago, + ago, last +last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .不规则动词的过去式和过去分词不规则动词的过去式和过去分词AAA型型原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词costcostcostcutcutcuthithithitHurthurtHurtPutputPutShutshutShutletletlet特殊情况特殊情况 :read read readread原形发音为原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecomeABA型ABB型makemadeMadekeepkeptkeptbuildbuiltBuiltsitsatsatfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfind foundfoundsellsoldsoldloselostlostmeetmetmetABC型 beginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokendrivedrovedrivenflyflewflowngivegavegivengrowgrewgrownswimswamswumsingsangsungwritewrotewrittenringrangrung动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8. 自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.