2022年上海教育八年级上知识点总结 .pdf

unit1: 1What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末常常做什么？（1）这是一个由疑问词what 引导的特殊疑问句。前一个do 为助动词，构成疑问句结构，后一个do 为实义动词（或叫行为动词），意思是“做；干”。注意：助动词do要随着主语的人称、时态和数的不同作出相应的变化。如：What does she do on weekends? 周末她做什么？（2）usually为频率副词，意思是“通常；经常”，与often意思相近，但程度有别。【辨析】：频率副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never 频率副词词义频率英文释义always 总是 100%all the time usually通常 90%often, generally often经常 80%(at) many times sometimes 有时 50%at times, now and then hardly ever几乎不 10%almost not, not at all never 从不 0%not ever, not at any time 【拓展】频率副词always 的用法：在所有的频率副词中，always 语气最强，表示“总是；永远”。always 可用于进行时态，表示“老是； 总是”，是一种加强语气的说法，含有“气愤；不满；不耐烦；赞赏”等感情色彩。如： He is always coming late. 他总是迟到。（埋怨） He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（赞扬）always 通常放在be 动词后面，行为动词前面，一般不放在句首。但为了强调或在祈使句中，也可放在句首或放在整个谓语前面，有时甚至置于句末。如： Always pay attention to your pronunciation. 要始终注意发音。always 与 not 连用时，表示部分否定，意思是“不一定总是；未必”等。如：Honesty is not always the best policy. 诚实未必永远是上策。（3） on weekends 意思是“在周末” ， 也可说成at (the) weekends, 此处的 weekends指星期六和星期日。2-How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？ -Twice a week. 一周两次。（1）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词，如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等，或用于回答表示频率的短语，如 once a day ( 一天一次 ) ，twice a week ( 一周两次 ) ，four times a month (一个月四次 )，every day (每一天 ) 等。如：-How often does he surf the Internet? 他多久在网上冲浪一次？ -Once a week. 一周一次。（2）twice a week 意思是“一周两次”是一个表示频率的短语，表示频率的短语一般是由“次数a时间名词”构成；表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once 和 twice名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 表示，而表示“三次或三次以上”时，则用“数词times ”结构。如： once a month ( 一个月一次 ) ，twice a day (一天两次 ) ，three times a week (一周三次）， five times a year (一年五次 ) 等。（3） 疑问词 how的用法1）怎样，用什么手段，方法/ 交通工具 How did he do it? / I dont know how to swim. How do you come to school? (2) 情况如何（指身体健康状况） How are you? (3) how many ，how much表示“多少” how many 后接可数名词复数，how much接不可数名词。 How many times do you go to the park? (4)how many times 询问多少次，其答语表示次数。如：once twice，three times等How many times do you go to the movies a month? About three times. (5) How old.? 询问年龄 How old are you? I am five. (6) How about? 如何？怎么样？ How about going to the movies? (8)how long 询问多长时间， 其答语表示一段时间，如：for two days ， for three hours等。How long will it take to get to the station？ About half an hour。(9)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。3 And I sometimes watch TV. 我有时看电视。sometimes 是一个表示频率的副词，意思是“有时”一般位于句首，也可放在主语后面。如： Sometimes I go to the movies on Sunday. 有时我在星期天去看电影。 He sometimes reads on weekends. 在周末他有时看书。【辨析】： sometimes 与 some times ，sometime，some time sometimes 意思是“有时；不时”，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如： Sometimes he goes to school by bus. 有时他乘公共汽车上学。some times是名词短语，意思是“几次；几倍”。如： I met him some times in the street last month. 上个月我在街上遇到他好几次。sometime 是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”Will you come again sometime next week? 下周的某个时候你会再来吗？She was there sometime last year. 她去年某时去过那。some time 是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用unit2: 1-Whats the matter? 怎么了？ -I have a cold. 我患感冒了。（1）matter作名词时，表“事情；问题；情况”，Whats the matter? 常用来询问对方的病情或其他不适，也可用What s wrong? 或 Whats the trouble with sb.? 来名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 表示，如要说明对象，则需要用介词with表示。如： What s the matter, little boy? 小男孩，你有什么事？What s wrong / the matter with her? 她怎么了？2) wrong 是形容词， 前面没有 “the ”; matter和 trouble都是名词， 前面应有“the ”3)【拓展】 matter作动词，意思是“要紧，重要，有重大关系（主要用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中） What does it matter？ 那有什么关系？It doesn t matter about the price； buy it，whatever it costs。 价钱没什么关系，不论多少钱都买。 4) 该句型中what 做主语，此句型是陈述句语序，如：I don t know what s the matter with me ？该句型常用于医生询问病人情况，病人可以回答：I m not feeling well=I dont feel well. I feel terrible. I feel ill. I feel sick. I feel even wores. I have a pain here. 5)There is something wrong with my head.=Something is wrong with my head. =I have something wrong with my head. 6) 【补充】医生的话：How long have you been like this? How are you feeling now? Let me take your temperature. Your temperatue is OK. Nothing serious.=There is nothing much wrong with you. 医生的嘱咐： Take this medicine three times a day. Drink more water and have a good rest. Try to relax before you go to bed. Youll be all right./well/OK again soon. Youll be much better tomorrow. 2.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。1） should 是情态动词， 可表示建议， 意思是“应该，应当，最好” 其否定形式是shouldn t ，表示不应该。You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。You shouldn t leave a baby alone in the house. 你不应该把一个婴儿独自留在家里。（2）lie down意思是“躺下”，lie-lay-lain 如： She lay down on her bed. 她躺在床上。 I found a purse lying on the ground. 我发现地上有一个钱包。【拓展】作名词时，表示“谎言”作不及物动词时，是“说谎”的意思。lie-lied-lied Why did you tell me a lie？ 你为什么对我撒谎？Dont lie to me。 不要对我撒谎。（3）rest可以作动词，也可以作名词，意思是“休息”。如： I m so tired and I want to have a rest. 我太累了，我想休息一下。Can I get some rest, mum? 妈妈，我可以休息一会儿吗？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是一个好主意。（1）idea 意思是“主意；想法；思想”，good idea 意思是“好主意”，一般用来表示赞同。如： That s a good idea. 那是一个好主意。-Why not go to the park? 为什么不去公园呢？ -Good idea. 好主意。（2）sound like 意思是“听起来像”，sound 是连系动词，它也能作名词，意思是“声音”。如： Your idea sounds like a good one. 你的想法听起来是个好主意。We can hear the sound of birds singing in the morning. 早晨我们能听见鸟儿歌唱的声音。4 I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。这是一句祝福用语，hope 表示“祝愿；希望”。如： We hope you re well. 我们希望你健康。【辨析】： hope 与 wish ：hope 与 wish 这两个词都表示“希望”，但含义和用法不同。wish 后一般接含有虚拟语气的名词性从句，用以表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，有时也可用于表示对人的祝福（注意：wish 后不能接动名词）wish to do sth /wish sb to do sth /wish that+句子如： I wish I were as strong as you. 我真希望我像你一样健壮。 I wish you success. 祝你成功。hope 用于有可能实现的场合。hope 后可接动词不定式、名词从句， 但不能在接动名词、名词或宾语后再加动词不定式。hope to do sth./hope that+句子如： I hope that you will succeed. 我希望你会成功。 He hoped to get the first prize. 他希望获得一等奖。5.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为，我们只有阴阳平衡，才能保持健康。【讲解】 1 ） 这是一个复合句。we need a balance这个句子作believe的宾语，叫宾语从句。believe是动词，注意believe后面的宾语从句的否定前移用法。I don t believe that he can mend the computer well。 我认为他修不好这台电脑。【拓展】常用短语：believe in 信仰，信任 Believe it or not。信不信你由你unit3: 1.What are you doing for vacation? 1)现代英语中常用be（is/am/are+doing的结构表示将来，主要用来询问将来的计划，打算等）与现在进行时的区别主要看时间状语和上下文的语意。-Whats he doing for vacation？他假期打算干什么？-Hes visiting his grandfather。他打算去看望他的祖父。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 2）be going to+动词原形这一结构也用于一般将来时。a 表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 She is going to be a teacher next year. b 表示有迹象表明将要发生的事。It s cloudy ，it s going to rain c 表示客观原因表明将要发生的事。Hurry up ，we are going to be late. 3）for vacation 目的状语。 for 的主要用法：a 因为，由于， I m sorry for being late b 供用： The room is for 3 people c + 时间段表示动作持续： The meeting will last for three days d 有助于，有益于，为了 What can I do for you？e 就某人而言： She is tall for her age f 对于某人来说：It s important for her to do so 2.That sounds nice. 1） sound 系动词用法：“听起来”后+形容词。类似的用法还有：look feel （感觉）get become taste（品尝） smell （闻起来）2）nice 是形容词。意思是美好的，和蔼的，友善的，漂亮的，【辨析】 sound，voice ，noise 【辨析】 nice ，well ， good，fine nice 形容词，意思是好的，美好的，比喻心情愉快，令人喜悦而感觉良好。How nice it is today！well 形容词好的，在句中做表语，表示身体健康。做副词，好地，良好地-Is he feeling well now？ -Well，very well good 形容词，意思是好的，普通常用语。指事物的特征与性质精美优良。fine形容词。意思是美好的，精致的。它强调“华美，纤细”的特点，若指天气时，意思天气晴朗。It is fine today 3.away 1）向远处，离开，向另一方：I don t like going away for too long。2）放在句子后面做状语“距离这”Your birthday is two weeks away. 3)不在家 He is away.=He is not at home. 4)和 far away from 连用表示距离（前有具体距离时，要省略far ，from 后接地点，如不接地点，则省略from ）( 考点 ) The bus stop isnt far away. The bus stop is two miles away. The bus stop is two miles away from our school. 【常用短语】 throw away扔走 take away拿走 run away 跑开 right away 立刻，马上4.send sb sth=send sth to sb 送某人某物send sb to do sth 派某人做某事 send for 派人去请 send up 发射名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 rent v 租用，出租rent sth. from sb. 向某人租借某物* They rented a house from Mr, Smith 他们向史密斯先生租了一间rent .to 把租借给. She rented a flat to the students. 她把公寓租给了学生。rent for sb. 替某人租给. I rented a room for my friend. 我替我的朋友租了一间房。6 what s like there? 怎么样？可以询问事物的性质，特征等。在指人时，主要用来询问人的性格，能力或给人的印象。例句： -What is the concert like? -It is excellent. 音乐会怎么样？太妙了。-What is your mother like? -She is quite nice. 你母亲是什么样的人？她相当好！【注意】 What does look like?仅仅用于询问人或事物的外部特征。-What does it look like? -Its small. 它是什么样子的？它很小。-What does he look like? -Hes tall and thin and very badly dressed. 他长得怎么样？他又高有瘦，穿得很邋遢。7. How s the weather there? =(Whats the weather like there?)那天气怎么样？8.Can I ask you a few（some） question about your vacation plans？1） Can I 是用来比较委婉提出要求，希望得到对方肯定回答。可用could 代替，语气更加委婉。回答用sure ， of course， certainly。No problem 。I m sorry that等回答。2）【辨析】 problem 和 question problem 指客观存在的需要解决的问题，也指理科课程的习题或数学，事实有关的问题。the problem of population 人口问题 solve the problem of pollution 解决污染问题work out the maths problem 算出数学题question 是指由于对某事物感到疑惑不解而提出的需要解答的问题。ask the question 问问题 answer the question 回答问题 find out the answer to the question找出问题的答案9. be famous for 以而著名（出名） for后+出名的原因be famous as 作为而出名 as 后+职业，身份或地位。例句： Zhou Runfa is famous as a movie star. He is famous for his fine acting. 10. He thought about going to Greece or Spain,but decided on Canada. 1)think about:考虑后+名词，代词，动词ing. 这里 thought about的意思是原来考虑think of 考虑，关心，想起。 think over 仔细考虑名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 2）decide on 决定， +名词或动词ing decide to do sth./decide+that从句 /decide+ 疑问代词 +to do 决定做某事。2010 八年级英语上册期中复习重点短语、词组和句型Unit 1: on /at weekends 在周末 on /at weekdays 在工作日期间 surf the Internet 上网冲浪last/this/next weekend 在上个 / 这个 / 下个周末（last/this/next 前不加介词on /at ）go to the movies 去看电影 junk food 垃圾食品 look after=take care of 照看exercise(动词 )=do/take/have exercise(U)=do/take/have sports(C) 做运动eye/morning exercises(C) 做眼保健操 / 早操 as for 就而言the result(s) of /for (the student activity survey) （学生活动调查）的结果be good/bad for 对有好处 / 有害 an unhealthy eating habit 一种不健康的饮食习惯keep/ stay/be healthy=keep in good health 保持健康1.What does she usually do on weekends? 她在周末常干什么？She usually goes to the movies. 她通常去看电影。2. What does he sometimes do on weekends? He sometimes surfs the Internet. 3. How often does he go shopping? He goes shopping once a month. 4. How often does Lucy exercise? She exercises about twice a week. 5. How often does she eat vegetable（s）? She eats vegetable（ s）three times a day. 6. Where there is will, there is always a way. 有志者事竟成。He never stops talking.=He is always talking. 他总是喋喋不休。7. He is an active student and exercises every day/each day. 他是一个活跃的学生，每天都锻炼8. She says its good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有利。Watching TV too much is bad/not good for your health/keeping healthy. 电视看得太多不利你（保持）健康。9. My eating habits are pretty /very good/healthy. 我的饮食习惯相当好/ 健康。10. How many hours/How long do you sleep every night/morning/afternoon? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - I sleep (for) nine hours every night/morning/afternoon. (every前不加介词 ) 11. He tries (his best) to practice speaking English every morning to learn English well. 为学好英语，他每天早上尽力/ 努力练习说英语。He tried drawing a lot of pictures last year; comhowever, he was not interested in painting. 尽管他对绘画不感兴趣，他去年还是尝试画了很多画。12. My healthy lifestyle helps me (to) get good grades. Good food and exercise help me (to) study better. Although she is12, she hardly ever help her mother (to) do housework. = Although she is12, she hardly ever help her mother with the housework. 13. There are many differences between boys and girls. =Boys are different from girls.= boys are not the same as girls. 14. Most of the students do/take exercise three or four times a week at Green High School. = Most students do/take sports three or four times a week at Green High School. Unit 2 1.What s wrong/the matter (with you)? -Im not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。-I have a cold / fever/ stomachache /teethache/ sore throat/back . -I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。-I am/feel/get tired/stressed out. 我感到很累 / 压力太大。I m sorry to hear that (you are not feeling well). 听到（你病了）.我很难过Thats too bad/terrible. 那真的挺糟糕的。（对他人的病痛、不幸或不愉快经历表示同情）3. When did it start? -It started about 2 days ago. 4. Dont worry=take it easy. 放宽心不用担心-You should take (some /the medicine) three times a day. 你应该一天吃三次药。-Maybe you should see a/the doctor / dentist. -You should drink some hot tea with honey. -You should eat hot yang foods, like beef . 你应该吃些热的阳性食物，比如牛肉（列举）-You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。-You should go to bed early and have/take a (good) rest. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -You should drink a lot of/lots of/some water and listen to music. -You shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours. -You shouldnt work late. -You shouldnt be/get tired/stressed out. 5. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。6. Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries.中医现很受西方国家欢迎。SH E are very popular with young people. SHE很受年轻人欢迎。7. It is important（for us）to have/eat a balanced diet. （对我们来说）拥有平衡的膳食很重要。（for 接对象）It is kind (of you) to give me your ruler. 你真是太好了，把尺子给了我。（of 表人的内在品质）8. He lay （lie过去式） on the bed all /the whole day. 他在床上躺了一天。The sleeping beauty is lying(lie的现在分词 ) on the beach at the moment./now. 睡美人现在正躺在沙滩上。unit4: 1. How do you get to ?是用来询问对方如何到达某地的常用询问方式，常用回答方式如：I walk to school./I get to school on foot. I ride my bike to school./I get to school by school. I take the subway to school./I get to school by subway. 2. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 牢记：相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点： get to+地点 /reach+ 地点arrive at+小地点（车站等）/arrive in+大地点（国家等）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。3. hundred 数词，意为“百”必须牢记：1） 具体的 “几百”： 用 “基数词 +hundred ” hundred不加 s. 如： two hundred 2)“hundreds of” “数以百计的”4 .Well,I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus. 1)walk to school=go to school on foot， foot前不用冠词，下列短语都不用冠词：by bus at night at noon go to school have breakfast play football go to bed 2)辨析 sometimes, some times, sometime, some time sometimes: 有时。用于一般现在时 He sometimes goes to the cinema on Sunday. some times ： 几次，几倍 We have been to Beijing some times. sometime：某个时候用于过去或将来 Maybe we ll meet sometime next week again. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - some time ：一段时间 Itll take me some time to walk there. 5. It takes about 25 minutes to walk. 牢记句型： It takes sb. +一段时间 +to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”注意： spend 和 take 的用法区别6 -How long does it take? -It takes 20 minutes. -How far is it from his home to school? -About 10 kilometers./Its about five minutes bike ride. 7 have a quick breakfast 迅速地吃完早餐8every day “每天”，做时间状语。 everyday:形容词做定语，“日常的”9. He leaves for school at around six thirty. 1) leave for 去某地 2 ）at six thirty=at half past six 10. Then the early bus takes him to school. 1) taketo 意为“把带到”to 后+地点。2）辨析 take, bring, fetch take: 带走，拿走。从说话的地方带到别的地方。bring:带来。强调从别的地方带到说话地来。fetch: 去拿，去取。强调一去一回。11.Thomas wants to know what she thinks of the transportation.托马斯想知道她对交通有什么看法。1）what she thinks of the transportation.是宾语从句。牢记：宾语从句用陈述句语序。注意：疑问语序和陈述语序的对比：How does she get to school?她怎么样到学校？Thomas wants to know how she gets to school.