2022年虚拟和省略 .pdf

09 届高三英语一轮复习专项精讲精练作者： admin 文章来源：本站原创点击数：10 更新时间： 2009-9-28 23:10:31 诊断练习：1. -Do you happen to have twenty dollars on you? - _ ? -I want to buy a reference book. A. Want the money B. What to do C. What for D. How much 2. -What kind of food would you like to have? - _ but Japanese. -How about Korean, then? A. Anything B. Something C. Everything D. Nothing 3. -Why didnt you go to the cinema yester- day? -I _ , but my wife returned from France the moment I was leaving. A. was going to B. will C. did D. had 4. -Good bye! Im glad _ you. - _ , too. A. to see; I B. to have seen; Me C. to be seen; Me D. seeing; I 5. _ we move the picture over there? Do you think itll look better? A. What about B. How far C. What if D. How come 6. The river is smooth where _ . A. deeply B. deep C. to be deep D. run 7. -May I take your order? -Yes, Id like a cup of coffee, a hot dog and some salad. What about you, Lisa? -_ . A. Me, too B. Same again, please C. Its all the same D. The same to me 8. -I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident. - _ , lets go and see him. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - A. Whats more B. If so C. Where possible D. When necessary 9. -Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday? -Well, I _ , but I forgot it. A. would B. must C. should have D. must have 10. I hear Mr. Smith was writing a story last year and he still _ . A. do B. does C. is D. am 11. -I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? -Dont speak until _ . A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to 12. -Why do you want the book so much? - _ , sir. A. Studying B. Studies C. Studied D. To study 13. -How are you getting on with your work? -Oh, Im sorry. Things arent going so well as _ . A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan 14. I wonder why you wont do it as _ . Its the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told 15. -Are you a teacher? -No, but I _ . I worked in a middle school for three years. A. am B. will C. do D. was 16. The dying old man opened his mouth as if _ something. A. to say B. saying C. to have said D. was saying 17. This is an illness that can result in total blindness if _ . A. to leave untreating B. left untreated C. leaving untreating D. is left untreated 18. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _ is more true than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining 19. -I didnt do well in the last English test. How about you? - _ . A. Ill do better next time B. I like English, though C. A lot better D. Even worse 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 20. -You seem to have lost your way. _ ? -Im looking for Wangfujing Street. A. What for B. Need help C. Why so D. Where to 21. -Which would you like, chicken or fish? - _ A. I dont think so. B. What if? C. Both. D. Neither can I. 22. You may take them all home _ . A. if possible B. if can C. unless so D. even if you can 23. -Hello, may I speak to Bill, please? - _ . A. Bill speaking B. Thats Bill C. Speaking to Bill D. Im speaking 24. -I think you look very nice in the red dress. - _ . A. Oh, no, not nice at all B. Glad you think so C. Dont like red D. You are kind, indeed 25. -Im so tired, working all morning on the farm. -Why not take a rest, then? -_ . A. Because I cant afford it B. Maybe I should C. I dont know D. Sorry, I cant tell you 26. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, youll find it more attractive than commonly _ . A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. is supposed 27. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients dont take medicine _ . A. like directed B. to be directed C. as directed D. so that directed 28. The man stopped from time to time _ whether he was being followed. A. as if found B. as to find C as if to find D. when found 29. To tell the truth, I won t go to the party _ . A. so as to invite B. even if invited C. if inviting D. if invite 30. Water, _ enough, can change into vapor quickly A. when heated B. heating C. though to be heated D. when is heated 基本用法及常见考点：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。一、词法上的省略1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：These are Johns books and those are Marys (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：at the doctors 在诊所at Mr. Greens 在格林先生家to my uncles 到我叔叔家at the barbers 在理发店2. 冠词的省略1）为了避免重复The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（ thunder 前省略了定冠词the）2）在 the next day (morning, week, year.) 等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。5）在 as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。3. 介词的省略1）both 后常跟 of 短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of 不能省略。如：Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for 可以省略。如：These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time. 这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by 短语。如：The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider. (as)., prevent / stop. (from)doing., have trouble / difficulty. (in) doing.,spend. (in / on) doing. 等中的介词可以省略。如：Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。4. 动词不定式中的省略1）有些动词，如： believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n. / adj. 中的 to be可以省略。如：I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。His mother found him (to be) a clever boy. 他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。2）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have 后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，to 必须保留。如：They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。注： help 后作宾补的动词不定式中的to 可以省略也可以保留。3）在 can not but, can not choose but, can not help but 之后的动词不定式一般不带to； but 之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带 to。如：We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：Im really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to 不能省略。如：I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 5）在 why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to 的动词不定式。如：Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。Dont go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try 等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to 可以承前（后 )省略。如：-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？-Well, Id like to (go with you). 我愿意。I would do it for you, but I dont know how to (do it for you). 我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager 等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？-Sure, Ill be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。有些动词，如： tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，保留动词不定式符号to。如：He didnt come, though we had invited him to (come). 尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have 或 be，则要保留be或 have。如：-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？-No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。二、句法中的省略在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。1 简单句中的省略）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如：What a hot day (it is)! 多热的天啊！How wonderful! 多妙啊！） 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - -（Will you ） Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？-No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？2 并列句中的省略1） 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定在踢球， 而玛丽一定在做作业。2） 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。3） 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。4） 在并列复合句中，如果that 从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that 从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：Jack will sing at the party, but I know John wont （sing at the party）. 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。3 复合句中的省略1） 名词性从句中的省略（1）作宾语的what 从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what 从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike, but I dont know who (has used it). 有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：（Im） Sorry Ive kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。（3） 在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：Its important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。2） 定语从句中的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom) 常可以省略。如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。Where is the book (which) I bought this morning? 今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？（2） 关系副词 when, where, why 以及 that 在 the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school 等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that 。如：I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。3）状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be 动词。（1）在 as, before, till, once, when, while 等引导的时间状语从句中。如：While（I was） waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。（2）在 though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。（3）在 if, unless(=if. not) 等引导的条件状语从句中。如：You shouldnt come to his party unless (you were) invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。（4）在 as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。（5）在 as(so). as., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。This car doesnt run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。三、替代性省略在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe， guess等后常常和so， not 等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？-I suppose not. 我认为不会。高考题链接及能力拓展训练：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 一、 在含有状语从句的复合句中1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004 全国卷 II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷 IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春 ) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷 ) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003 上海春 ) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春 ) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 7. Though _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷 ) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 二、在限定性定语从句中9. -You re always working. Come on, lets go shopping. - _ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春) A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 10. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002 上海春 ) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 11. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷 ) A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 12. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004 天津卷 ) A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 13. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - A. something B. anything C. all D. that 三、 在感官动词或短语中(如:在 see ，watch，hear ，feel，observe，notice，listen to 等感官动词或短语及make，have，let 等使役动词之后的 宾语 +不定式作宾语补足语 结构中，不定式前省略to；有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to 之后的内容， 只保留不定式符号； 不定式在 tell， ask， advise， wish， permit ， force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to； 不定式在 happy， glad， eager，ready，willing 等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。) 14. As youve never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷 ) A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 15. -Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all, _ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 16. -Does your brother intend to study German? -Yes, he intends _ . (NMET 1998 上海卷 ) A. / B. to C. so D. that 17. -Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? - _ . (NMET 1999上海卷 ) A. Yes, Id like to go to the Grand Theatre B. Id like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I wont D. Thats right 18. -You should have thanked her before you left. -I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷 ) A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to 四、 在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷 ) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷 ) A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 五、 在否定结构中21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives. (N