2022年虚拟语气与ratherthan用法 .pdf

1 虚拟语气的用法一 含义：表示与事实相反或者实现的可能性微乎其微、几乎为零或者表示一种坚持、命令、要求和建议或者在固定句型中等。二 分类：一般虚拟语气和特殊虚拟语气。三 用法：一般虚拟语气的用法遵循的原则：对一般现在时虚拟用一般过去时对一般过去时虚拟用过去完成时对过去完成时虚拟用过去完成时对一般将来时虚拟用过去将来时,表现形式：条件句中的虚拟语气。eg:If he were indoors,he wouldn t feel cold. wish 后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。eg:I wish I were a bird.I wish she had taken my advice. would rather 后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。eg:I d rather you paid the money yourself.I d rather she hadn t done that. If only （要是, 就好了；但愿）+句子中的虚拟语气。eg:If only I were a flying bird. If only I had seen the film. If only Mr. Wang were here now,you would not be punished. as if/though，even if/though 从句中的虚拟语气。 （注：在 as if 引导的从句中，如果从句所说的内容是真实的或可能是真实的，应用真实语气；如果从句所说的内容与事实相反或非真实情况，应用虚拟语气。）eg:He talks as if he knew all about it. Even if he were here,he couldn t solve the problem. He talks as if he were drunk. 含蓄虚拟条件句：介词短语without 、but for、otherwise 等可替代虚拟条件句，表达虚拟语气。注：在对 be(am/is/are)动词虚拟时，一律用were 来表示。eg:But for your help,we couldn t have succeeded. She wasn t feeling well,otherwise she wouldn t have left the meeting so early. 特殊虚拟语气的用法遵循的原则：从句一般用（should）+v 原形来表示。表现形式：一坚定二命令三要求四建议，后跟特殊虚拟语气作宾语。（注： insist 如果坚持的是一种事实时，应用真实语气；如果坚持的是一种主张时，应用虚拟语气。suggest 如果意为“暗示，表明”时，从句应用真实语气。 ）注：这些动词所对应的名词形式也需用特殊虚拟语气。另外，对应的名词形名词 idea 等所构成的从句中也应该用虚拟语气。eg:He insisted that we (should) take our teacher s advice. The manager demanded that Tom (should) finish it in a week. I suggest that you (should) have enough sleep. My idea is that we (should) have a meeting to discuss it together. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 Our decision is that the meeting (should) be put off. 在句型“It s important/necessary/essential/vital/proper/right/impossible/strange/natural/a pity/a shame/a surprise/an honor+that 从句。 ”中， that 从句要用特殊虚拟语气。eg:It s very important that we (should) think before we decide. 但在句型“ It s strange(surprising/unthinkable,etc) +that 从句”中， should 常译为“竟然” ，表示一种不可思议的状况。eg:It s surprising that you (should) waste so much time. 虚拟语气的特殊用法在“ It s (high)time +that 从句”中， that 从句可用一般虚拟语气或特殊虚拟语气（should 不可省），但二者同时出现时，一般虚拟语气优先使用。eg: It s (high)time that he got rid of his bad habit.if 在虚拟条件句中的倒装。eg:If he came tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible. =If he should come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible. =Should he come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible. =If he were to come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible. =Were he to come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible. 在 in case that (以免，免得 ),lest(唯恐，免得 ),for fear that ,in order that,so that 等引导的目的状语从句中，that 从句要用情态动词(could/might/would/should)+V原形 ,表示虚拟。混合虚拟条件句：当条件从句与主句所表示的时间并不一致，变为虚拟语气时，可根据它们各自的时态进行变化。eg:If I had married her,I would be happy now. If you had taken my advice then,you wouldn t be in trouble now. Bring some more money in case you (should) use it later. had hoped/planned/wanted/expected to do “本希望 /计划 /想要/期望 , ” ，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。eg:I had hoped to take his advice.But I didn t. The boy had meant to come in, but the teacher refused him. 在句式 “主句主语 +vt+that+从句主语 +(should) do. ”其中主句谓语动词主语urge(极力主张 ),prefer(宁愿),desire(请求 ),maintain(主张 ),direct(指导 )及以上这些动词所对应的其他形式要用虚拟语气。eg:She preferred that nobody should come to see her. 1 He suggested that the meeting _ put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not2 What would have happened if you _ her child? A. hadn t helped B. couldn t help C. wouldnt help D. didnt help3 It is strange that he _ so. A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think 4 If I _ with her last summer, I _ with her now. A. worked am getting on very well B. had workedwould get on very wellC. had worked would have got on very well D. had workedwill get on very well5 I wish I _ my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 7 It s high time he _ home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 _ you succeed and _ you be healthy. A. May may B. Wish wish C. Hope hope D. Shouldmay9 Galileo insisted that the earth _ round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D.A or B 10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _ to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come 11 Supposing the weather _ bad, where would they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be 12 _ your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. If I could have received D. Had I received 13 If only I _ to my parents advice!A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 14 If it _ rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 15 -Why didn t you come to the party yesterday?-I _, but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to 16 I d rather you _ me the news. A. not tell B. not to tell C. didn t tell D. hadn t told17 I _ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. A. would have hoped B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 18 His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan. A. shouldn t agree B. wouldn t agree C. hadn t agreed D. didnt agree19 He _ the job well, but he _ so careless. A. hadn t done, had been B. could have done, wasC. could do, was D. had done, had been 20 Li Ling acted that way as though he _ a foreigner. A. were B. had been C. should be D. is Keys: 1-5 AABBD 6-10 CBACD 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 CCDBA 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - -