2022年词汇讲解笔记 .pdf

快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/1 词汇 讲 解时间： Apr 5, 2009 老师：林建强MBA 英语考试要求与题型：1. 词汇：大纲要求掌握5800个单词及 1200个词条。主要有类考察方式（难词题、近义词、形似词、常用短语、短语动词、习惯搭配）2. Cloze:主要考察考生对上下文语义理解、词的搭配、语法结构（时态、从句、非谓语动词、连词等）3. Reading comprehension: 文章内容主要涉及社会、伦理、科学、经贸、教育等。该部分分数比重大，是考试的关键。4. Translation: 该部分有两种方式：一是翻译5 句划线句子； 二是翻译约 150字的短文。5. Writing: 主要是提纲作文。题型有三类：说明文、应用文、图标作文。一、词汇测试的六大种类1. 难词辨认（直接选择法、排除法、构词法）A、William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _ defend the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. a. peculiarly b. indifferently c. vigorously d. inevitably B、The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and _. a. privileges b. possibilities c. possessions d. preferences2. 近义词辨析（注重平时积累，从词之间的用法差异来区分）A、The price of beer _ from 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during the summer season. a. altered b. ranged c. separated d. differed B、People s expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their _ state does. a. current b. primitive c. modern d. initial 3.近似词辨认A、e two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of _ irritation. a. mutualb. optional c. neutral d. parallel B. In the U.S. 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is _ to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age. a. liable b. liberal c. irrational d. illegal 4. 固定搭配A. I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. a. to b. on c. atd. in B. Member states had the optional to _from this agreement with one years notice. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/2 a. deny b. object c. suspect d. withdraw 5. 短语动词AComputer technology will _ a revolution in business administration. a. bring aboutb. set aside c. run across d. put away B. When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _ the exit as soon as possible. a. made of b. made forc. made out d. made up 6. 常用短语A. Jennifer has never really _ her sons death. Its very hard to accept the fact that shell never have a child. a. come to terms with( 接受事实 ) b. come up against( 遇到反对 ) c. come out with=come up with d. come down to ( 可归结为 ) B. When I got there, I saw _ the old and the sick at home. a. none but b. nothing but c. none other than d. no other than 二、如何掌握词汇1、用音、形、意记忆法来记词汇a. 音Ponderous 发音 胖得要死 词义笨重的Sting 发音 死叮 词义蜇，咬Robust 发音 乐百氏 词义强壮的Illuming 发音 一路明 词义 点亮，照亮Numerous 发音 牛没老死 词义许多，大量Thermos bottle 发音 善摩师 词义保温瓶Feeble 发音 非薄 词义脆弱的，易受伤害的Hustle and bustle 发音 黑手 + 白手词义 熙熙攘攘Anchor 发音 安可 ：安上即可词义 驻扎，抛锚Decay 发音 底开：底都开裂了词义坏了，烂了b. 形Flap (clap, slap) f=飞lap=拍打词义拍动翅膀Rear r=手ear=耳朵词义抚养Hill = 山坡Broom 扫帚Monk Monkey C. 意Include in = 里面 clude = close 关在里面 - 包括Expose ex=外面pose=摆姿 势 放在 外 面 词义 暴 露、 揭 露compose com = together Transport trans=两头 port=搬运词义运输 transplant, transform, import, export Blackboard 黑 + 板Expect ex = out spect = look circumspect circum = around prospect pro = forward retrospect retro = backward respect inspect 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/3 Audience audi = hear audible Visit vis = see visible vision visual 2. 用联想法来记词汇Bear-stand-endure-tolerate-live with-put up with-catch up with- come up with-keep up with Insist on-persist in-hold on-hang on-cling to-adhere to-stick to At all-all at once-all in all-above all-first of all-after all-in all-for all Fully-totally-definitely-completely-thoroughly Approach-way-means-method Correct-accurate-precise-exact Acquire-attain-achieve-gain-obtain-get Adapt-adjust-regulate Amaze-surprise-shock-astound-stun-startle-astonish Anticipate-expect-predict-estimate Participate (in)-take part in-join in-be present (at)-enter for Ancestor-forefather-descendent-offspring Apartment-house-condo-villa-flat Mansion-cottage-towel-hotel-motel-botel-inn-bungalow Appoint 任命-name-nominate-entitle Assess评估-evaluate-appraise Restore-recover-refresh-renew-resume Hand-on hand手头上 -by hand 手工制作 -in hand 待办理 - at hand 在手边，靠近Awful-dreadful-fearful-afraid-terrible-horrible- frightened - panic Bare-empty-blank-vacant-hollow Bore-exhaust-tire out Typhoon-hurricane-tornado-gale-storm-gust-breeze Servant-assistant-bodyguard-civil(public)servant-helper- housekeeper-babysitter-slave Store-baker s-butcher s-department store-grocer s- shopping mall-stall（摊位） -supermarket Shout-cheer-roar-scream-yell 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/4 Silly-stupid-foolish-senseless-absurd-illogical-ridiculous Sleep-doze-nap-snooze-hibernate-rest Steal-burgle-cheat-kidnap-pilfer(小偷小摸) -rob- shoplift-pickpocket Stranger-alien-foreigner-newcomer-outsider-refugee- immigrant-emigrant Carry-convey-bring-collect-ferry-move-shift-relay- ship-transfer- transport Pile-heap-stack Handle-deal with-cope with-tackle take-bring-fetch-drive-fly-deliver-transport client-patient-customer-traveler-tourist-passenger Well-dressed-fashionable-scruffy-match-fit-tight-loose Dress-blouse-shirt-skirt-pant-trouser-suit-cardigan- pull-over 3. 用拼写归类法来记词汇Assist-consist-insist-persist- resist Attain - detain - entertain - obtain - retain - sustain Appeal-conceal-deal-feel-heal-heel-kneel-meal-peel-real- reveal-seal-steal Access-excess- process-success Assure-ensure-insure At-bat-cat-fat-flat-hat-lat-mat-pat-rat-sat-that Behalf -graph-paragraph-photograph-telegraph Beam-cream-dream-extreme-scheme-scream-team-theme Cease-decrease-geese-increase-lease-niece-peace-piece-release Beat-cheat-defeat-eat-great-heat-meat-neat-retreat-seat- treat-wheat Achieve-believe-grieve-relieve-conceive-deceive-heave- leave-perceive-receive Affect-architect-collect-correct-detect-direct-effect-elect- eject-erect-expect-infect-inspect-neglect-object-project- protect-reflect-reject-respect-select-subject-suspect Blink-clink-drink-ink-link-pink-shrink-sink-think Bright-fight-flight-fright-height-light-might-night-right- 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/5 slight-tight-upright Alive-arrive-deprive-derive-dive-drive- revive-survive- thrive Bold-cold-fold-gold-hold-old-scold-unfold-uphold-withhold Close-dose-gross-compose-enclose-expose-impose-nose- oppose-propose-rose-suppose-those Deduce-induce-introduce-produce-reduce-abuse-excuse- misuse 4. 用词的特殊含义来记词汇?monometer dimeter, trimemter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter, nonameter , centimeter mono-表示“单一、单独”如：monotone单调 monologue独白di-表示“双、成对”如： dialogue 对话cent-表示“百”如： century 世纪?thermometer, photometer三、常混淆的单词1. Lengthen; prolong; extend lengthen指延长长度prolong 主要指时间延长extend 指空间的延伸2. Reject; refuse; decline; turn down Reject +n refuse+ to decline+ to turn down 3. Bare; empty; blank; vacant; hollow Bare 光秃秃的，无装饰empty 里面空的 blank 空白的，没写过的vacant空缺的 hollow 空心4. Ignore; neglect; overlook Ignore有意识的忽略，不予理睬neglect没有注意到而忽略overlook 忽略细节5. Doubt (feel uncertain about); suspect (think likely) 6. Postpone; delay; set back Postpone推迟，延期（相当于put off）delay 耽误，延误 set back 使,受挫折，倒退7. Possible; likely; probable; feasible Possible; likely; probable;都表示可能feasible则表示可行。而 Possible和probable用于物，而 likely 则用于人8. Accurate; exact Accurate准确 exact确切9. Correct; revise; modify; Correct纠正 revise强调重新组织modify 侧重润色之意10. Accident; event; matter; issue; affair; incident Accident意外事故 event大事 matter普通的事情 issue热门话题 affair 国家大事/用于个人表示私事incident 琐碎的事情11. Contribute; devote; dedicate Contribute 因发挥一定作用而作出贡献devote+ to; dedicate+ to 此外，donate 表示捐献个人之物名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/6 12. Respectable; respectful; respective Respectable受人尊重的，体面的，属被动respectful 尊敬的，属主动respective各自的13. Imaginary; imaginable; imaginative Imaginary 想象的 imaginable 可想象的imaginative 有想象的，富于想象力的14. Rise; arise; raise; arouse Rise; arise; 都是不及物动词，前者表示上升、起升；后者表示（抽象概念的）出现raise; arouse都是及物动词，前者表抬高，提出；后者表唤起15. Affect; effect Affect（直接的）影响，动词effect 名词表示“影响，效果” ，动词表执行，实施16. Assure; ensure; insure Assure+of/that向, 保证ensure确保 insure保险17. remember; remind; recall, keep in mind, bear in mind, learn by heart remember to do something/ remember doing something remind 由某物而想起 recall 回忆 keep in mind, bear in mind 都表牢记learn by heart 背诵18. lie; lie; lay lielied-lied-lying 说谎lie-lay-lain-lying 躺、位于lay-laid-laid-laying 放19. reward; award reward奖励，给予回报award 授予 , 奖品20. adapt; adopt adapt+ to 使, 适应；改写adopt 收养；采纳21. accomplish; complete; finish; fulfill accomplish成功实现 complete 强调动作的完整性finish 强调动作的结束fulfill 完成指标22. bother; disturb; interrupt; interfere disturb +to interrupt 插话 interfere +with 干涉23. habit; custom; hobby; routine hobby个人爱好routine 常规24. mood; temper mood心情 temper脾气25. shade; shadow shade和 shadow都表示影子，但shade是无形状的影子，而shadow 是有形状的26. benefit; profit; interest benefit利益、好处profit 利润（ margin 也表示利润）interest利息27. revenue; income; salary; wages; pay; dividend; pension revenue; income; salary 年薪 wages蓝领工资 pay付款 dividend红利 pension养老金28. live; alive; living; lively live（读 laiv 时表示活生生的，直播；读li:v 时表示生活）alive 系表动词，不能置于名词前，多用于名词或者be 动词后 living 形容词，作名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/7 定语 lively 副词，活跃地29. forbid; prohibit; ban forbid somebody to do something prohibit + from 用政策、法规来禁止ban严格禁止30. charge; accuse; charge + with accuse+ of 31. like; unlike; dislike; alike; likely like 动词表示喜欢（反义词dislike） ，介词表示像（反义词unlike）alike 相象likely 可能的32. pace; speed; rate; rhythm; ratio pace 步伐speed速度rate 比例rhythm 节奏ratio 比率 the ratio of A to B 33. change; alter; vary; range change全部改变 alter 局部改变vary 随, 变化而变化，围绕一个中心变化 range 在一个范围变化34. permanent; eternal; everlasting permanent 与 temporary 对应 eternal 强调永恒 everlasting 强调可持续，如：everlasting peace 35. deny; deprive deny somebody something 拒绝给 , 某物deprive +of 剥夺36. cure; treat; heal cure +of +disease treat治疗，不强调结果heal治愈， 侧重结果37. allow; permit (allowance; permission) allow; permit (allowance 补贴，津贴permission允许 ) 四、常用词根、词缀1、de离去，除去，否定eg：deplane 下飞机，detrain, debug 拆除窃听装置， deform 使不成形decrease 2、dis否定，相反，分离，除去eg：disadapt 使不适应 , disperse 驱散，解散，dissuade劝阻3、eco生态的eg：ecocide生态灭绝， ecocrisis 生态危机， ecocatastrophe 生态灾难4Un形容词前 否定， eg ：unpopular; unwise; 动词前 相反, eg：unload; unfold; unsay 构词前 一， eg ： unique; unanimous; uniform; unilateral(单边的 )，5、 itis 炎症，发炎 , 癖名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/8 eg. arthritis 关节炎golfitis 高尔夫球癖 , theateritis, 6、 torium 场所，地方eg. auditorium大礼堂， barbatorium, bathatorium, healthatorium 7、 ish稍有的，带有特点的eg. womanish, childish, feverish, hawkish鹰派的 , dovish 鸽派的，8、tele远处的eg. telephone, telescope, telecast 9、-sist-站立eg. assist, consist, insist, persist, resist 10、photo光eg. photograph, photometer, photocopy 11、trans两点，跨越eg. transport, transplant, transcend 12、cess,cede,ceed 行进(march) eg. access, exceed, proceed, process, precede(precedent) recession 13、tract抽，拖拉eg. tractor, attract, extract, subtract, distract, 14、super超，超级，过分eg. superhawk 超级鹰派； supertax 附加税； supercritic 过于挑剔的评论家 superexploit 极度剥削； supertanker 超级大型快速油轮15、pel推，驱赶eg. expel; compel; repel; propel; 16、sub次要的；下面的eg. subtitle; suburb; suppress; substandard；submarine(潜艇)，submerge( 下沉，淹没 ) 17、ject投，抛，掷eg. reject; inject; project; eject 18、fore前面，先eg. before; forehead; forefather; foretell 19、inter互相， 间eg. interact; interview; interurban 20、mis错误 , 不eg. misunderstanding; misfortune; misuse; mislead 21、multi多 eg. multiples (跨国公司 ); multinational; multimedia; 22、over超过，太 eg. overdraw (透支 )；overvalued (定价过高 )；oversleep; overworked; overcharge 常见前缀：anti反抗，反对anti-war, anticorruption auto自己的，自动的automation, automobile bi双的， bilateral (双边的 ), biweekly counter反对 , 对应-claim(反诉 ), counterpart dis相反dislike(不喜欢 )，disbelief(不相信 ) en-, -en使dishearten( 气馁)，enforce(强迫，执行 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/9 ex- 向外external(外部的 )，export(出口) im向内import(进口)，imprison(入狱)，implant(灌输) inter相互，在内international(国际的 )，intertwine(纠缠，交织 ) mal坏，不良maltreat(虐待)，malnutrition(营养不良 ) micro微小的microphone(麦克风 )，microscope( 显微镜 ) mini小的minibus(小公巴 )，minimum(最小 ) mis的mistake(错误 )，mispronounce( 发音错误 ) multi多的multinational(多国的 )，multilingual(多语的 ) non否定non-smoking(不抽烟的 )， nonstop( 不断的 ) out 超 过， 过度 outgrow( 过 大 而 不 适 于 )，outweigh( 比 重 )，outnumber(人数上超过 ) over过度，超overwork(过劳 )，overdo(过度, 夸张) post在 后postwar(战后的 )，postmodernism(后现代主义 ) -ess 表示阴性，雌性 tigress(母老虎 )，authoress( 女作家 )，hostess( 女主人 ) pre- 在 前 pre-war(战前的 )，pre-liberation(解放前的 ) re- 再，重；往后retell(复述 )，recess ( 衰退 ) semi- 半semi-hemisphere( 半球 )， semiconductor trans- 转换，横过transcontinental( 横跨大陆的 ), transplant, transform under- 在下，不足underpay(少付 .工资 )，underdeveloped( 欠发达 的), undersized( 不够大的 ) 常见后缀-able, -ible 有能力的 controllable(可控制的 )， sensible(明智的 , 有判断力的 )，changeable( 多变的 ) -age 表示状态， 性质 wreckage(遭难)，shortage( 缺乏，不足)，leakage(泄漏) -ant, -ent(能动的 )人 assistant( 助手)，agent( 代理 )，accountant( 会计) -dom 性质，状态，行为kingdom(王国)，freedom(自由)，boredom(厌倦) -ee 表示动作的接受者 addressee( 受话人 )，refugee(难民)，examinee(应试者 ) -er, -or 执行动作的人writer(作家)，survivor(生还者 ) -hood 表示身份，性质neighborhood(邻里)，manhood( 成人) -ify 使 化 simplify( 简化)，personify(拟人化 )， beautify(美化) -ism 主义，学说 modernism(现代化 )，tourism(旅游业 )，fatalism(宿命论) -ize, -ise, -yze ,化modernize(现代化 )，analyze( 分析 )，realize(实现 ) -less 不，无，没有useless( 无用)，doubtless( 无疑 )，careless( 粗心) -like 有 性质的 dreamlike(做梦似的 ) -ogy 学科 biology(生物学 )，technology(技术) -ness 表示性质，状态friendliness(友好 )， kindness(仁慈 )， selfishness(自私) -ous, -eous, -ious 充满 的dangerous( 危 险 的 )， hazardous( 危 险 的 )，courteous(有礼貌的 ) -ward (s) 表示方向seawards( 向海边的 )，eastward( 向东的 )，inward(向内的 ) 重要词根表：-form形状Count数， 计数-cover覆盖-dict = say言，说-duce /duct =lead 引导-fact / fect = make制作名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 快乐学习、 健康备考上海太奇2010 年基础三班笔记咨询电话： 64394243 http:/10 -fit 适合-rupt = break破坏-part 分开-press按， 压-spect =look看-sume = take拿，取，接受-lect拿，取-tend 趋向-cept /ceive = sense感觉-sign 标志五、 常用的词搭配1、n. + pre. 1) 与 to 搭 配的名 词 主 要有 ： access; attention; attitude; adjustment; contribution; approach; key; damage; insult 等. 2) 与 for 搭配的名词主要有：appetite; fancy; reason; demand; desire; wish; sympathy; responsibility; need等. 3) 与 on 搭配的名词主要有 : comment emphasis; dependence; stress; influence; effect; operation; pressure等. 4) 与in 搭 配 的名 词 主 要有 : difficulty; success; faith; confidence; advance等. 5) 与with 搭 配 的 名 词 主 要 有 : association; connection; contact; accordance等. 2、a. + pre. 1) 与 to 搭配的形容词主要有： preferable; loyal; superior; inferior; similar; equal; favorable; subject; thankful; opposite; harmful等. 2) 与 at搭配的形容词主要有： angry; good; quick; furious; perfect 等3) 与 for 搭配的形容