2022年完整word版,Opticalfibercommunicationtechnology .pdf
Optical fiber communication technology Pick to: optical fiber communication is to light as the carrier of information, with the optical fiber as transmission medium is a means of communication, has become one of the main pillars of modern communication. This article introduced our country fiber communication several key technology and its current situation and further development of the road. Key words: optical fiber communication; current situation; way out Abstract from the optical communication of optical fiber communication technology talent showing itself, has become one of the main pillars of modern communication in the information society, is a variety of information network is the main transmission means in the modern telecommunications network, play a decisive role in the. Optical fiber communication, as an emerging technology, rapid development in recent years, applications broad range of communications in history, but also the important symbol of revolution of world new technology and the future information society information main transfer tool. In 1, an overview of optical fiber Optical fiber for optical fiber abbreviation. Optical fiber communication is to light as the carrier of information, with the optical fiber as transmission medium is a means of communication. In principle, constitute the basic elements of optical fiber communication optical fiber, a light source and a light detector. Optical fiber in addition to the manufacturing process, material composition and optical properties 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - for classification, in the application of the optical fiber, used to use for classification, can be divided into communication and optical fiber sensor with optical fiber. Transmission medium optical fiber is divided into general and special two, and functional devices for optical fiber refers to the amplification, shaping, frequency divider, frequency, modulation and optical oscillation features such as optical fiber, and often a function of the device appeared in the form of. Optical fiber communication is developing rapidly, mainly because of the fact that it has the following advantages:1) the communications capacity, transmission distance;2) the signal crosstalk small, good secrecy performance;3) resistance to electromagnetic interference, the transmission quality is good;4) fiber has small size, light weight, convenient installation and transportation;5) and rich material source, environment protect;6) no radiation, difficult to tapping;7) cable strong adaptability, long life. 2, optical fiber communication system Currently used in the optical fiber communication system, is widely used in digital coding, intensity modulation - direct detection communication system. This system schematic diagram as shown below 3, optical fiber 3.1 in accordance with the refractive index distribution of different points Is commonly used in step-index optical fiber and graded fiber two. The 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - (1) the step type optical fiber (2) graded fiber 3.2 according to the total transmission module. The so called pattern, is essentially a form of electromagnetic field distribution. Patterns are different, its distribution varies, according to optical fiber transmission mode number to points, can be divided into single-mode fiber and a multimode fiber. The single mode fiber (1) ( SM-Single mode fiber ) Multimode optical fiber (2) ( MM-Multi mode fiber ) 4, the current situation of the development of optical fiber communication technology Optical fiber communication depends on the development of optical fiber communication technology. At present, optical fiber communication technology has made great progress, new technology is ceaseless emerge in large numbers, then greatly improve communication ability, and expanding the scope of application of optical fiber communication. 4.1wavelength division multiplexing technology Wave division multiplexing WDM ( Wavelength Division Multiplexing ) technology can make full use of single-mode fiber low loss zone to bring the huge bandwidth. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - According to each channel optical frequency ( or wavelength ), the fiber with low loss window is divided into a number of channel, the light as the signal carrier, the sending end uses wavelength-division multiplexer ( multiplexer ), different specified wavelength optical carrier signal is combined into one optical fiber transmission. At the receiving end, again by a wavelength division multiplexer ( ODU ) these different wavelength light carrier separated bearing different signal. Due to the different wavelength of the optical carrier signal can be considered as independent of each other (not considering the fiber nonlinear time ), resulting in a fiber can be realized more road of the multiplexed optical signal transmission. Since the end of last century, wavelength division multiplexing technique appeared, because it can greatly improve the transmission capacity of optical fiber transmission system, quickly and has been widely used. Since 1995, in order to solve the problem of large capacity, high speed and long distance relay transmission problems, dense wavelength division multiplexing ( Dens DWDM Wavelength Division Multi-plexing ) technology has become one of the main research objects. DWDM optical communication system has greatly increased in each pair of optical fiber transmission capacity, economically and effectively solves the bottleneck problem of communication network. According to statistics, by the end of 2002, commercial DWDM system transmission capacity has reached 400Gbit / s. In 10Gbit / S based DWDM system has gradually become the mainstream of core network. DWDM system in addition to wavelength number and transmission capacity increases ceaselessly, optical transmission distance from 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 600km around substantially expanded to more than 2000km. At the same time, along with the wave division multiplexing technology in long distance network to metropolitan area network expansion, coarse wavelength division multiplexing ( Coarse CWDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing ) technology emerge as the times require. CWDM channel spacing for general 20nm, by lowering the wavelength window requirements and achieve full wavelength range (1260nm 1620nm ) wavelength division multiplexing, optical devices and greatly reduced cost, can be realized in0km 80km high price performance ratio, thus by the operators welcome. The 4.2optical access technology Optical fiber access network is the information highway the last one kilometer. To realize the information transmission speed, meet the needs of the public, not only have broadband backbone transmission network, user access is a key part of the optical fiber access network, high-speed information flows into thousands of households is the key technology of. In the optical fiber broadband access, due to optical fiber to a different location, FTTB, FTTC, FTTCab and FTTH of different applications, referred to as FTTx. FTTH ( fiber to the home ) is an optical fiber broadband access ultimately, it provides full access, therefore, can make full use of broadband fiber characteristics, to provide users with the necessary unlimited bandwidth, fully meet the demand of broadband access. Our country from 2003, in the863 project driven, began the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - FTTH application and promotion work. So far has been in more than 30city to establish a test network and commercial trial network, including residents of users, corporate users, Internet cafes and other application types, including operator dominant, resident network operator dominant, leading enterprises, real estate developers and government dominant mode of dominant variety, a good development momentum. Many city developed FTTH technology standard and construction standards, some city also made corresponding favourable policy, these are for the FTTH development in China has created good conditions. In FTTH applications, mainly uses two techniques, i.e. point-to-point P2P technology and the xPON technology, also called the active optical fiber access technology and optical access technology. P2P technology mainly uses commonly referred to as MC ( Media Converter ) to achieve user and a local end connected directly, it can provide users with a high bandwidth access. At present, the domestic technology can provide users with FE or GE bandwidth, for large and medium-sized enterprises users, is the ideal access mode. In 5, the trend of optical communication technology In recent years, with advances in technology, telecommunications management system reform and the full liberalization of the telecommunications market gradually, the development of the optical fiber communication flourish once again presents a new situation in the field of optical fiber communication, the following for a major development focus description and prospect. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 5.1 to the super high-speed system development From the past 20 years of the history of the development of telecommunication, network capacity needs and transmission rate enhancement has been a pair of main contradiction. The traditional optical fiber communication development has always been in accordance with the electricity time division multiplexing ( TDM ) manner, when the transmission rate is increased by 4 times, the transmission of bits per costs fell by about30% to 40%; and high bit rate system economic benefits substantially by an exponential growth, which is why the transmission rate of optical fiber communication system in the past 20years in the increasing root cause. The current commercial systems have increased from 45Mbps to10Gbps, the rate in 20 years increased by20O0 times, than the same period of microelectronic technology integration to increase speed is much faster. High speed system has not only increased the service transmission capacity, but also for a wide range of new business, especially broadband and multimedia provide possible. The current 10Gbps system has begun mass equipment network, terminal and repeater installed all over the world have more than 5000, mainly in North America, in Europe, Japan and Australia have also started a large number of applications. 5.2 to the large capacity WDM system evolution Using electricity time division multiplexing system expansion potential has been tried, however, fiber200nm available bandwidth resources only by using less than 1%,99% of the resources to be found. If a plurality of transmission wavelength of 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - staggered light signals at the same time a fiber transmission, can greatly increase the fiber information transmission capacity, this is the wave division multiplexing ( WDM ) is the basic train of thought. Using wavelength division multiplexing system the main benefits are: 1) can make full use of optical fiber the huge bandwidth, the volume can be rapidly expanding several times to hundreds of times;2) in a large capacity long distance transmission can save a large amount of fiber and the regenerator, thereby greatly reducing the transmission cost;3) and signal rate and electric modulation unrelated new broadband business, is introduced into the convenient method;4) using WDM network to realize the network exchange and recovery is expected to realize future transparent, highly survivable optical networking. In view of the above application huge benefits and in recent years the major breakthrough on the technology and market driven, wavelength division multiplexing system development is very rapid. It is estimated that practical capacity of the system can achieve 1Tbps level. The 5.3optical networking The utility of WDM system despite the great transmission capacity, but basically is to point to point communication based system, the flexibility and the reliability is not ideal. If in the light path can also achieve similar SDH circuit in the transplanting function and cross connect function words, will add a new layer of power. According to this one main train of thought, optical add-drop multiplexer ( OADM ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - and optical cross connection equipment ( OXC ) have been successfully developed in the laboratory, the former has been put into commercial. Realization of optical networking basic purpose is to:1) implementation of large capacity optical network;2) to realize the network scalability, allowing the network nodes and the continuous increase in business volume;3) to achieve network reconstruction, to achieve flexible and recombination networks;4) to achieve network transparency, allowing any system and different interconnection NTSC signal;5) to realize rapid recovery, recovery time of up to 100ms. In view of optical networking with the potential huge advantage, developed countries invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources for research. Optical networking has become the SDH and power network after another new development climax of optical communication. 5.4a new generation of optical fiber In recent years along with the explosive increase of IP service, telecommunication network is beginning to next generation in the direction of sustainable development, and build a great transmission capacity fiber infrastructure is the physical foundation for next generation network. The traditional G.652single-mode fiber in adapting to the high speed long distance transmission network development needs has exposed the output does not from the heart of the situation, the development of new fiber has become the development of the next generation network infrastructure is an important component of. At present, in 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - order to adapt to the backbone and man s different development needs, has appeared two kinds of novel optical fiber, i.e. non zero dispersion fiber ( G.655 fiber ) and percutaneous absorption peak fiber ( all wave fiber ). The 5.5 optical access network Over the past few years, the core part of network happened to turn the world upside down changes, whether the exchange, or transmission have been updated for several generations. Soon, this part of the network will become the digital control and master, software, ne
