2022年小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总 .pdf

小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总一般现在时一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be 动词的变化。肯定句：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语 + be + not +其它。如： He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它。如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：主语 +动词原形 (+ 其它 ) 。如：We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语 + dont+动词原形 (+ 其它 ) 。如： we don t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句： Do +主语 +动词原形 +其它 ? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以 do 开头的一般疑问句? 如： What do you often do after school ? 当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does 肯定句：主语 +动词三单式 (+其它 ) 。如： He swims well. 否定句：主语 + doesn t+ 动词原形 (+ 其它 ) 。如： He doesn t swim well. 一般疑问句： Does + 主语 +动词原形 +其它。如： Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以 does 开头的一般疑问句? 如： How does your father go to work? 三. 第三人称单数的动词变化规则( 只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 单式 ) (1) 多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs. (2) 结尾是 s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加 es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes (3) 动词末尾y 前为辅音 : 将 y 改为 i 加 es: studystudies flyflies carry carries cry cries 但在 y 前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says 四. 时间标志： always , usually , often , sometimes ,every现在进行时一. 意义 当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二. 构成 :be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句：主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) I m doing my homework now . 否定句：主语 +be+not+ 动词 -ing +其他 . I m not doing my homework now. 一般疑问句： Be+主语 +动词 -ing +其他 ? Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I m not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语 +动词 -ing+ 其他 ?What are you doing now ? 三. 现在分词的构成：(1) 一般在动词末尾直接加ing, (2) 以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e, 再加 ing ，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming (3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四. 时间标志 now，句前的look ,listen 一般过去时名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 一. 意义 : 表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态. 二. 构成及变化1. Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。 (was not=wasn t) are 在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren t) 带有 was或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was 或 were 后加 not ，一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首。2. 行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday . 否定句： 主语 + didn t + 动词原形 .I didn t watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn t . 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以 did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ? 三、时间标志：yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) last night (week, month, year), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago一般将来时一. 意义 : 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1. 肯定句主语 +be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形 +其它成份名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2. 否定句主语 +be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 + 其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3. 一般疑问句Be (am / is / are)+主语 +going to+动词原型 +其它成份 ? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn t. 你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 (Wh-)+ 一般疑问句 ? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过? 5. 注意 : be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: He s going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约. 2.will /shall +动词原形( 在书面语中， 主语是第一人称时，常用 shall , 在口语中， 所有人称都可以用will) 1. 肯定句主语 +will/shall+动词原形 +其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2. 否定句主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成份They won t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3. 一般疑问句will/shall+主语 + 动词原形 +其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗? 4. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 (Wh-) + 一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来? 三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shall we go to the park ? 肯定 Sure , let s go . 否定 No , let s go to the cinema. 2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ? 肯定 Yes, I will. / Sure . 否定 I m sorry. I m afraid I can t. 四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening just now, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 班级：学号：姓名：1、他不高。3、我们晚上经常看电视。8、汤姆正在公园里跑步。11、他们在干什么？15、他们将去哪里游泳？17、我们将去溜冰。练习题：一、 用动词的正确形式填空1. I _ (do) my homework every evening.2. We _ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.3. My mother _ (clean) our room on Sundays.4. Tom _(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he_ (play).5. She _(like) swimming. She _ (swim) this weekend.6. Usually my mother _ (wash) the dishes after lunch. But my grandma _ (wash) today.7. Look at the man! He _ (read) a magazine.8. Look! The plane _ (fly) over the building.9. Listen! My aunt _ (sing) in the room.She is a singer. She _ (like) singing. She _(have) a music show. She is excited.10. Tom and Mike always _ (swim) in the river. They _ (swim) in the swimming pool this Sunday. Look! They _ (swim).11. What _ you usually _ (do) in the evening? I _ (play) computer games.12. What _ you _ (do) now? I _ (make) a paper plane.13. What _ he _ (do)? He _ (dance). 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 14. What _ she _ (do) yesterday? She _ (visit) her grandparents.15. _ your mother _ (read) newspaper in the morning? Yes, She _ .16. _ you _ (like) fishing? No, I _ . I like _ (swim), but my brother _ (like).17. How _ your father _ (go) to work every day? He _ (go) by bike. But its cold today. He _ (take) the No.21 bus, and he _ (go) to work by taxi yesterday.18. _ the monkey _ (like) climbing trees? Yes, it _ .19. What _ your father _ (do) after lunch? He _ (read) a comic book. What _ he _(do) today? He _ (clean) the kitchen for my grandma. Look! He (clean).20. _ you _ (collect) stamps? Yes. I _ . _ your brother _ (collect), too? No, he _ .二、选择题1. _ he _ to the park at 6:30 in the morning? No,he _ .A. Does; goes; does B. Does; go; doesnt C. Does; go; does2. What colour _ you _ this bookcase? I _ it pink.A. are; going to paint; am going to paint B. do; paint; paint C. did; paint; painted 3. Tim always _ a picture at home. He _ a car now.A. draws; is drawing B. draw; draw C. draws; draw4. She usually _ her friends. They often _ tea.A. see; drink B. sees; drinks C. sees; drink5. He usually _ the dishes at night, but tonight he _ clothes.A. wash; wash B.washes; is going to wash C. is washing; washes6. Mr. Green usually _ his newspaper in the evening, but he and his wife _ television yesterday evening.A.reads; watches B.reads; is going to watch C.reads; watched7. Where are the man and the woman? They _ near the tree.A. sit B. sat C. are sitting8. _ your penpal _ diving? No, he _ .He _ writing stories.A. Does; like; doesnt; likes B. Does; likes; doesnt; like C. Do; like; dont; likes9. _ you _ fishing yesterday? No, we _ .A. Does; go; doesnt B. Did; go; didnt C. Do; go; dont10. Open the window, Please. Look! He _ it.A. opens B. is openning C. is opening11. I usually _ some milk every day. But I _ coffee yesterday.A. drink; drank B. is drinking; drink C. drank; am drinking12. Mr. Green often _ his newspapers at night. But he _ an interesting book tonight.A. reads; reads B. reads; read C. reads; is going to read13. The old man _ playing sports in the park. He _ morning exercise now.A. likes; is doing B. likes; does C. like; doing14. What _ you usually _ in the evening? I _ computer games.What _ you _ last night? I _ a book.A. do; do; play; did; do; read B. did; do; played; do; do; read C. does; do; plays; do; do; am reading15. Where _ the boy _ ? He _ across the river now.A. does; swim; swims B. is; swimming; is swimming D. is; swimming; is swimming名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 16. _ you _ to music now? Yes, we _ .A. Do; listen; do B. Did; listen; did C. Are; listening; are17. Put on you coat, please. OK. I _ it on. A. am putting B. am going to put C. put18. _ you _ coffee? Yes, I _ .A. Do; like; do B. Did; like; did C. Are; like; am19. Look! Two cats _ across the wall. A. run B. runs C. are running20. She _ tea, but he _ . A. likes; doesnt B; like; dont C. like; doesnt21. -How many _ in the tree? -There are two.A. bird are ther B. birds is ther C. birds are there D.birds are their22. Mr Johnson usually goes to the hospital _.A. by his car B. by the black car C. by car D. by the new car23. Does your brother play ping-pong _?A. on every afternoon B. every afternoon C. in every afternoon D. at every afternoon24. _ do you usually come to school? A. How B. What C. Which D. How much25. -Don t you usuall y come to school by bike? -_. But I sometimes walk.A. Yes, I do B. No, I dont C. Yes, I do D. No, I dont26. What _ Tom and his mother like ? A. does B. do C. is D. are27. What s your hobby? My hobby is _ model plane.A. making B. make C. making D. made28. -Did you go to the park on Sunday morning? -_, I went there in the afternoon.A. Yes B. No C. Sure D. Sorry29. I dont think hes so great, but my mom _. A. do B. does C. is D. are30. A kid _ bre akfast every morning, because its good for his health.A. have to B. has to C. has to have D. has to has名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -