2022高考英语 抓分训练 史地自然型阅读理解2.doc

2014高考英语抓分训练：史地自然型阅读理解(二)(限时：25分钟)AIf you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do, too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red­eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果冻一样的块状物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(悬挂)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.If hatching early helps protect red­eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.1. It can be inferred from the passage that fears_Ahelp animals grow bigger and strongerBare less common among young animalsChelp animals move a lot to fit the environmentDare more or less important in order for animals to survive2. We are told in the passage that tree frogs_Aface danger both inside their eggs and in the waterBwill grow fast if they fall into the water laterCare surprisingly clever when inside their eggsDstay in their eggs longer if they are frightened3. Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because_Athey like falling into the water earlyBthey want to grow into adult frogsCthey sense a hungry snake is about to attackDfrog embryos can grow strong4. What is the best title of the passage?AWhat is fearBWhy do we feel afraid?CYou feel afraid，and animals do, tooDFear is a good thing5. What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?AFurther explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.BHow the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.CAnother example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.DHow tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.BBesides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco­friendly rain gardens(雨水花园) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco­friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco­friendly “green” way to treat storm water.What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once native plants establish the necessary root system, they will require little care.Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don't need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you're eco­conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.1. Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?AThey are good for living conditions.BThey increase pollution.CThey can beautify the community.DThey improve the environment.2. Which of the following is the eco­friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?AThey can keep the rain and storm water.BThey can help reduce the pollution problem.CThey can be healthy for the people around.DThey can make the environment more beautiful.3. One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that_Athey cost less and are much easier to getBthey may attract local wildlife to comeCthey require little care from the local gardenerDthey are more used to the local growing conditions4. What do we know about rain gardens?AThey need little water after all the plants are planted.BThey usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.CThey may attract local birds and change the local climate.DThey may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.5. Who are the intended readers of the passage?AHomeowners.BStudents.CEngineers.DEducators.CGiven Australia's size and the fact that early settlements were far apart, Australian society is remarkably homogeneous (同种的). Its citizens are fundamentally prosperous and the way of life in the major cities and towns is much the same, however many miles divide them. It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents. However, there is some difference in lifestyle between city dwellers(居民) and the country people. Almost 90 per cent of the population lives in the fast­paced cities along the coast and has little more than a passing familiarity with the desert. The major cities preserve pockets of colonial heritage, but the overall impression is modern, with new buildings reflecting the country's youth. In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow­moving and conservative. For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheep's back”， a reference to wool being the country's main money earner. However, the wool industry is no longer dominant. Much of Australia's relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world. Newer industries such as tourism and wine making are also increasingly important. Australians are generally friendly and relaxed, with a self­deprecating sense of humour. On the whole, Australia is a society without hierarchies (等级制度), an attitude generally held to stem from its prisoner beginnings.Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origins. Within only one generation of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, Australia had become a nation of immigrants. Originally coming almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians comes from elsewhere. Australia's liberal post­war immigration policies led to an influx of survivors from war­torn Europe, most notably Greeks, Italians, Poles and Germans.The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia. Today Australia is a “blend of nations” and although some racism exists, it has generally been a successful experiment and the country is justifiably proud to have one of the most harmonious multicultural communities in the world.1. What does the writer mean by saying “It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents.” in the first paragraph?AAustralians speak Standard English with no local accents whatsoever.BYou have to practise a lot to learn to understand the different accents.CThe Australian regional accents are very difficult to understand indeed.DThere is not much difference between the accents in different areas of Australia.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AMost Australians have ancestors who were prisoners.BThe Australian economy is dependent on sheep exports.CThe majority of people living in Australia come from Europe.DThe pace of life is different in the city and in the country.3. The underlined pronoun “it” in the last paragraph refers to “_”AcommunityBracismCblend of nationsDSoutheast Asia4. We can infer from the passage that _Athere are no signs of Australia's colonial past in its modern citiesBAustralia's recent immigration policy encourages immigrants from Southeast AsiaCimmigrants from Southeast Asia have brought racial problemsD“riding on sheep's back” resulted in slow development in rural communities5. This passage mainly focuses on Australia's _AsocietyBeconomyCracial problemsDhistoryA【要点综述】 恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎你的想象。1D根据第一段“because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D项正确。2A根据第五段的“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和第六段的“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕其他动物把蝌蚪吃掉。故选A项。3C根据第五段“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃脱蛇的攻击了。故选C项。4D根据第一段“Fear matters”和“It's a good thing”，可知，害怕是一件好事。故选D项。5C根据第三段“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面肯定还有例子。故选C项。B【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了环境友好型的雨水花园是如何运作的。1B由第四段“What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花园不会增加污染，故B项有误。由第一段“Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco­friendly rain gardens(雨水花园) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知雨水花园可以美化社区、改善环境以及对居住环境有益，为环境友好型花园，故A、C、D三项正确。2B由第四段“What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花园可帮助减少污染。3D由第五段“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions.”可知，建议种本地的植物是因为本地的植物更适应本地的环境。4B由第五段第三句“Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.”可知，雨水花园在一个星期中需要至少一英寸的雨水。5A由本文最后一句“As long as you're eco­conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.”可知本文主要写给私房屋主。 C【要点综述】 本文介绍了澳大利亚人的生活节奏、城乡的差别以及澳大利亚的移民政策等等。1D第一段“the way of life in the major cities and towns is much the same, however many miles divide them.It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents.”说明虽然澳大利亚的面积较大，但是很多发音都是一样的。要想听出口音的区别，除非有很敏感的耳朵。故D项正确。2D文章第一段“The major cities preserve pockets of colonial heritage, but the overall impression is modern, with new buildings reflecting the country's youth.In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow­moving and conservative.”说明在澳大利亚，城市和乡村的生活节奏是不同的。故D项正确。3C根据文章最后一段“Today Australia is a blend of nations' and although some racism exists, it has generally been a successful experiment and the country is justifiably proud to have one of the most harmonious multicultural communities in the world.”可知这里的it就是指前文的blend of nations。故C项正确。4B文章最后一段“The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia.”说明现在很多的移民都来自东南亚，并且澳大利亚政府鼓励来自东南亚的移民。故B项正确。5A- 6 -