优秀资料（2021-2022年收藏）小学英语语法知识点全集.doc
小学五年级英语语法知识点汇总一、名词复数的规则变化（第一节）名词复数的规则变化构 成 法例 词A. 在一般情况下，词尾加-sbook books bed - bedsB. 以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词，词尾加-esbus buses box - boxesdish dishes watch - watchesC. 以f 或fe 结尾的词，先将f 或fe 改成v，再加-esknife - kniveswife - wivesD. 以o结尾的单词，有生命的物质加-es，无生命的物质加-stomato - tomatoesphoto - photosE. 以辅音字母加y结尾，先y将改i，再加上-esfamily families city - cities二、现在进行时构成（第二节）现在进行时构成（ing形式）构 成 法例 词A. 一般加-ingwork working study - studyingB. 以e 结尾的词去e后加-inglive living write - writingC. 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾，辅音字母双写，再加ing；动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾，辅音字母双写，再加 ingstop - stoppingrun - running swim - swimmingbegin - beginning三、一般现在时（第三节）一般现在时（单三形式）构 成 法例 词A. 一般动词在词尾加-shelp helps make - makesB. 以s, x , ch，sh，结尾的动词在词尾加-esfix fixes teach teaches wash - washesC. 以o 结尾的动词在词尾加-esgo goes do - doesD. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，先y变为i，再加-esfly - fliesstudy studies carry - carriesE. 不规则变化have has四、一般过去时（第四节）一般过去时（-ed形式）构 成 法例 词A. 一般动词在词尾加-edcook - cookedplay - playedB. 以e结尾的动词在词尾加-dlive - livedC. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先y变为i，再加-edfly - fliedstudy - studiedD. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母加-edstop - stoppedplan - plannedE. 不规则变化swim - swamhave hadF. be 动词变化am - wasis - wasare were五、形容词比较级（第五节）形容词比较级（er形式）构 成 法例 词A. 一般直接加-er long - longerB. 如果以-e结尾，直接加-rnice - nicerC. 闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双写这个字母，再加-er big - biggerD. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-erheavy - heavier小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化教材四会句型汇总一、一般疑问句1. - Did you read books? 你读书了吗？- Yes, I did.是的，我读过了。/ No, I didn't. 不，我没有读过。2. - Is she quiet? 她文静吗？- No, she isn't. She's very active. 不，她不。她很活跃。- Is she strict? 她严格吗？- Yes, she is, but she's very kind. 是的，她是，但是她很和蔼。3. - Is this a teacher's desk? 这是一张讲台桌吗？/ Is it cold? 冷吗？/ Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月吗？/ Is this your T-shirt? 这是你的T恤衫吗？- Yes, it is. 是的。/ No, it isn't. (No, it's not.) 不，不是的。4. - Can you make the bed? 你会铺床吗？/ Can you use a computer? 你会使用电脑吗？- Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/ No, I can't. 不，我不会。5. - Are they ducks? 它们是鸭子吗？/ Are they eating the honey? 它们吃蜂蜜吗？- Yes, they are. 是的，它们是。/ No, they aren't. 不，它们不是。6. - Is there a forest in the park? 公园里有一个森林吗？/ Is there a river? 那里有条河吗？- Yes, there is. 是的，那里有。/ No, there isn't. 不，那里没有。7. - Are there any pandas in the mountains? 山里有一些熊猫吗？/ Are there any fish in the rivers? 河里有一些鱼吗？- Yes, there are. 是的，那里有。/ No, there aren't. 不，那里没有。8. - Are you eating lunch? 你（们）正在吃午餐吗？- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.) 是的，我正在吃。（是的，我们正在吃。）/ No, I am not. (No, we aren't.) 不，我没有在吃。（不，我们没有在吃。）9. - Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋吗？- Yes, he is. 是的，他是。/ No, he isn't. 不，他没有。10. - Is she counting insects? 她正在数昆虫吗？- Yes, she is. 是的，她是。/ No, she isn't. 不，她没有。11. - Does she / he teach English? 她（他）教英语吗？- Yes, she / he does. 是的，她（他）是。/ No, she / he doesn't. 不，她（他）不是。二、谈论时间1. - What time is it? 几点钟？- It's two o'clock. 两点钟。/ It's 9: 45. It's time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。2. - What day is it today? 今天星期几？- It's Wednesday. 星期三。3. - When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐？- I eat dinner at 7: 00 in the evening. 我晚上7点钟吃晚餐。4. - When do you get up? 你几点起床？- I usually get up at 12: 00 noon. 我一般中午12点钟起床。5. - When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？- It's in May. 在五月。/ My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。/ Uncle Bill's birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。6. - What's the date? 几月几日？- June 9th. 六月九日。三、谈论颜色1. - What colour is it? 什么颜色？- It's white. 白色。四、谈论地点1. - Where are you going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪？- I'm going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。2. - Where did you go on your holiday? 假期你去了哪？- I went to Xinjiang. 我去了新疆。3. - Where does she work? 她在哪工作？- She works in a hospital. 她在医院工作。4. - Where does the rain come from? 雨从哪来？- It comes from the clouds. 它从云里来。5. - Where is the cinema, please? 请问电影院在哪？- It's next to the hospital. 在医院旁边。6. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 那有两个卧室，一个厨房，一个卫生间和一个客厅。There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 那有一面镜子，一张床和一个大衣柜。The closet is near the table. 衣柜在桌子的附近。Many clothes are in the closet. 很多的衣服在衣柜里。The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾桶在门后。五、谈论价格1. - How much is it? 这个多少钱？- It's ten yuan. 十元。2. - How much are they? 它们多少钱？- They're three yuan. 它们三元。六、谈论数量1. - How many horses are there? 那有多少匹马？- Twelve. 十二匹。七、谈论人物1. - Who's your English teacher? 你的英语老师是谁？- Mr Carter. 卡特先生。2. - What's he like? 他长什么样？- He's tall and strong. 他又高又强壮。3. How old are you? 你几岁？八、谈论喜好1. - What's your favourite fruit? 你最喜欢的水果是什么？- I like apples. They're sweet. 我喜欢苹果。它们很甜。/ I like fruit. But I don't like grapes. They're sour. 我喜欢水果。但我不喜欢葡萄。它们很酸。2. - Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？- I like winter best. 我最喜欢冬天。/ Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season. 夏天很好，但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。3. - Why do you like summer? 你为什么喜欢夏天？- Because I can swim in the lake. 因为我可以在湖里游泳。- Why do you like winter? 你为什么喜欢冬天？- Because I can sleep a long time. 因为我可以睡很长的时间。4. - What's your hobby? 你的爱好是什么？- I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢收集邮票。/ He likes collecting stamps, too. 他也喜欢收集邮票。九、谈论事情1. This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。 That is your computer. 那是你的电脑。2. Let's play football. 让我们踢足球吧。3. This is Zhang Peng. 这是张鹏。4. - What did you do last weekend? 你上个周末做了什么？- I played football. 我踢了足球。5. - What are you going to buy? 你打算去买什么？- I am going to buy a comic book. 我打算去买一本漫画书。6. - What are you going to do on the weekend? 周末你打算去做什么？- I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 这个周末我打算去拜访我的祖父母。7. - What are they doing? 他们在做什么？- They're swimming. 他们在游泳。/ They are climbing trees. 他们在爬树。8. - What is it doing? 它在做什么？- It's eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉。9. - What is she doing? 她在做什么？- She's jumping.她在跳。10. - What are you doing? 你正在做什么？- I'm doing the dishes. 我正在洗碗。 / I'm reading a book. 我正在读书。11. Grandpa is writing a letter. 爷爷正在写信。Brother is doing homework. 兄弟正在做作业。Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈正厨房里烧饭。He's writing an e-mail in the study. 他正在书房里写一封电子邮件。12. - What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？- Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看电视和去购物。/ Sometimes I visit my grandparents. 有时候我去拜访我的祖父母。/ I often play football. 我经常去踢足球。/ Sometimes I go hiking. 有时候我去远足。13. - What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你们有什么课？- We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 星期四我们有英语，数学和科学课。14. - What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么？- I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看电视。15. - What about you? 你呢？- I do my homework, too. 我也做我的家庭作业。16. - What do you have for lunch on Mondays? 星期一你中餐吃什么？- We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 我们吃西红柿，豆腐和鱼。17. - What can you do? 你能做什么？- I can sweep the floor. 我会扫地。 / I can cook the meals. 我会做饭。 / I can water the flowers. 我会浇花。十、谈论方式1. - How do you go to school, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么去学校？- Usually I go to school on foot. 一般我走路去学校。/ Sometimes I go by bike. 有时候我骑自行车。2. - How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎么去中山公园？- You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐15路公共汽车。3. - How did you go there? 你怎么去那？- I went by train. 我坐火车去。4. - How do you do that? 你怎么做那件事？- First, I . Then I . 首先，我。然后我。5. What should you do then? 然后你怎么做？6. - How does she go to work? 她怎么去工作？- She goes to work by bus. 她坐公共汽车去工作。十一、谈论心情，身体状况1. How are you, Liu Yun? 刘云，你怎么样？You look so happy. 你看起来很开心。2. How are you, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么样？You look sad today. 今天你看起来很伤心。3. - What's the matter? 怎么了？- My throat is sore. My nose hurts. 我的喉咙痛。我的鼻子痛。十二、谈论体重、身高1. - How heavy are you? 你多少重？- I'm 48 kg. 我48公斤。- I'm thinner than you, and shorter. 我比你瘦和矮。2. - How tall are you? 你多高？- I'm 164 cm tall. 我164厘米高。- You're shorter than me. 你比我矮。/ You're 4 cm taller than me. 你比我高四厘米。十三、谈论职业1. - What does your mother do? 你妈妈做什么的？- She is a TV reporter. 她是一个电视台记者。十四、谈论天气1. It's warm today. 今天很暖和。2. It's cool. 今天很凉爽。小学英语知识点总结一、小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、 形容词性物主代词8个： My your his her its our your their 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的 2、 形容词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他们的 2)后面加名词： eg:my backpack his name 3)前后不用冠词 a an the This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) It's his the pen(错误) 3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成单词就可以了。二、小学英语名词性物主代词 1、 名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个： Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的2、 名词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 Eg:1、the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen) 以上就是小学英语名词性物主代词全文，希望能给大家带来帮助！ 三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg:把下列句子变成复数 1, I have a car -we have cars 2, He is an American boy. -They are American boys 3, It is a car -They are cars 4, This is an eraser -These are erasers 5, That is a backpsck -Those are backpacks 6,I'm an English teather -We are English teathers 7,It's a new shirt- They are new shirts 8,He's a boy -They are boys 9,She's a singer -They are singers 10,What's this in English?- What are these in English? 四、小学英语名词的数语法 名词有单数和复数两种形式 1、名词的单数：表示一个人或一个事物 2、名词的复数：表示一个人以上的人或事物 名词复数的变化规律如下： 1、多数情况下在名词后面加S，s 在清辅音后读【S】 2、以s,x,sh,ch为结尾的词在词尾加es, es读作【iz】 3、以f ,fe为结尾的词去掉f或fe加ves，ves读作【vz】 4、以辅音加y 结尾的词，变y 为ies 5、以元音加y结尾的词，直接加s 6、不规则变化 Man-men woman-women policeman-policemen Policewoman-policewomen 这种情况下a变成e 1、 单复数同形 Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer 2、 This 这个these这些(复数) that那个 those那些(复数) I我 we我们(复数) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数) am ，is是 are(复数) 五、小学英语人称代词主格及宾格 人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格和宾格区别：主格和宾格汉语意思相同，但位置不同。 Eg: I(主格)"我"- me (宾格)"我" 主格在陈述句中通常放句首，宾格通常放在动词后或介词后，也就是说宾格，不放在句首。 Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格) Excuse me (me 宾格) I ask him to go (him 宾格) They sit in front of me (me 宾格) 主格(8个)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们 宾格(8个)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们 六、小学英语名词所有格语法 1、 变法：在人名后面加's 记住：'s要译成"的" eg:Lucy(名词所有格)Lucy's 2、 如果是2个或2个以上人的名词所有格要在最后一个人名加's Eg:Lily and Lucy (名词所有格)Lily and Lucy'S Lily Lucy and Julia (名词所有格) Lily Lucy and Julia's 3、 以s结尾的名词复数所有格在后面加'，eg:students' 七、小学英语就划线部分提问练习题 就划线部分提问的变法： 1、 先根据划线部分找到特殊疑问词。 2、 再把没划线的部分变成一般疑问句的语序。 3、 特殊疑问词通常有：what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ what class /what grade/what row/what school 八、小学英语一般疑问句 1、一般疑问句最基本的变法：be 提前 用问号 读升调 2、my变成your ,our变成your, I am / We are 变Are you ,I can 变Can you 3、注意人名不论放在什么位置都要大写 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student? 4、一般疑问句翻译成汉语都有"吗"? 1)This is my English teather. Is this your English teather? 2)It is our school. Is it your school? 3)We are students. Are you students? 4)I can sing. Can you sing? 九、小学英语动词的用法 第二讲 动词的用法 1、 到目前为止，我们学过的be动词包括三个词 am ,is, are 这三个词的汉语意思相同，都是"是"的意思，但怎么运用好这三个词呢?请记住下列口决： 2、 我是 am（ eg:I am a pupil.） 你是 are （eg:You are a girl.） Is 用在他、她、它（ eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.见到复数就用are.）3、记住：am ,is 的复数是are.;these 这些 ;those 那些(这两个词都表示复数) 十、英语简缩形式的变法语法 第一讲 简缩形式的变法 1、简缩形式的变法：把倒数第二个字母，通常是元音字母变成' 但are除外，are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're 2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。 3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时，一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =What's 4、记住一个特殊变化;let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i) 5、记住：this is 没有简缩形式 this's(错误)二：句型专项归类（一）、肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. （二）、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。（1）有动词be的句子：:可缩写成“isnt，arent”， am not 。（2）没有动词be的句子：助动词do，does，did加not，可缩写为“dont , doesnt , didnt ）。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择。 （三）、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，把动词be调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do，does，did）再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择般。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，即怎么问就怎么答。同时注意人称的变化。第一人称要变为第二人称，如：I am listening to music.(改为否定句)- Are you listening to music?（四）、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如：What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? Its Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.How are you? Im fine. / Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，如： how many（多少(数量)）, how much（多少(钱)）, how tall（多高）, how long（多长）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重）(该知识点已在形容词比较级中作了讲解。)例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配，How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少？How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少？How many + 名词复数 + are there? 有多少？十一：完全、缩略形式: Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they are youre=you are theres=there is theyre=they are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not lets=let us wont=will not Ill=I will wasnt=was not英语26个字母11 ei bi: si: di: i: ef i: ei ai ei kei el em en u pi: kju: a:r es ti: j u: vi: dblju: eks wai zi:
