优质收藏资料高中物理一轮复习第一章综合测试题.doc

extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan setsguarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop "three strict three real" of style put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to. 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich "one country, two systems" practice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. To address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the "wise men" to conduct a comprehensive collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance "four a full" strategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to第一章综合测试题本卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分。满分100分，考试时间90分钟。第卷(选择题共40分)一、选择题(共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项符合题目要求，有些小题有多个选项符合题目要求，全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分)1下列说法中与人们的日常习惯相吻合的是()A测量三楼楼道内日光灯的高度，选择三楼地板为参考系B测量井的深度，以井底为参考系，井“深”为0mC以卡车司机为参考系，卡车总是静止的D以路边的房屋为参考系判断自己是否运动答案AD解析在解本题时，很多同学受生活习惯的影响，往往错误地认为参考系只能选地面，其实不然，如A选项，可以选择与地面相对静止的三楼地板为参考系。参考系的选择没有对错之分，只有合理与不合理的区别，只要有利于问题的研究，选择哪个物体为参考系都可以。B、C与日常习惯不吻合，故选A、D。2(2013·淄博模拟)质点做直线运动的位移x与时间t的关系为x5tt2(各物理量均采用国际单位制单位)，则该质点()A第1s内的位移是5mB前2s内的平均速度是6m/sC任意相邻1s内的位移差都是1mD任意1s内的速度增量都是2m/s答案D解析第1s内的位移只需将t1代入即可求出x6m，A错误；前2s内的平均速度为7m/s，B错；由题给解析式可以求得加速度为a2m/s2，xaT22m，C错；由加速的定义可知D选项正确。3(2013·洛阳模拟)现有四个不同的运动图象如图所示，设物体运动的加速度为a，速度为v，位移为x，物体在t0时的速度均为零。则其中表示物体做单向直线运动的图象是()答案C解析图象A表示物体围绕出发点做往复运动，图象B表示物体做往复运动，图象C表示物体做先加速后减速到零再加速后减速到零的单向直线运动，图象D表示物体沿正方向先加速后减速到零再沿负方向加速后减速到零的往复直线运动，所以表示物体做单向直线运动的图象是C。4某物体运动的速度图象如图所示，根据图象可知()A02s内的加速度为1m/s2B05s内的位移为10mC第1s末与第3s末的速度方向相同D第1s末与第5s末加速度方向相同答案AC解析vt图象反映的是速度v随时间t的变化规律，其斜率表示的是加速度，A正确；图中图象与坐标轴所围成的梯形面积表示的是05s内的位移为7m，B不正确；在前5s内物体的速度都大于零 ，即运动方向相同，C正确；02s内加速度为正，45s内加速度为负，方向不同，D不正确。5(2013·潍坊模拟)一辆公共汽车进站后开始刹车，做匀减速直线运动直到停下。开始刹车后的第1s内和第2s内位移大小分别为8m和6m。下列说法中正确的是()A汽车在开始刹车后4s末停下B汽车在开始刹车后5s末停下C从开始刹车到停下，汽车的位移大小是20mD从开始刹车到停下，汽车的位移大小是20.25m答案D解析解法一：题中两段并列条件可用方程组解析(设过程中公有物理量)。解法二：利用图象法求解。x1(v0aTv0)Tx2(v02aTv0aT)Tx总v0t，v0at解得v09m/s，t4.5s，a2m/s2，x总20.25m。6(2013·江西师大模拟)一物体以初速度v0做匀减速运动，第1s内通过的位移为x13m，第2s内通过的位移为x22m，又经过位移x3物体的速度减小为0，则下列说法中不正确的是()A初速度v0的大小为2.5m/sB加速度a的大小为1m/s2C位移x3的大小为9/8mD位移x3内的平均速度大小为0.75m/s答案A解析由xaT2可得加速度a1m/s2，则选项B正确；第1s末的速度v12.5m/s，则选项A错误；物体速度由2.5m/s减速到0所需时间t2.5s，则经过位移x3的时间t为1.5s，且x3at2m，选项C正确；位移x3内的平均速度0.75m/s，则选项D正确。7.一个小石子从离地某一高度处由静止自由落下，某摄影爱好者恰好拍到了它下落的一段轨迹AB。该爱好者用直尺量出轨迹的长度，如图所示。已知曝光时间为s，则小石子出发点离A点约为()A6.5mB10mC20m D45m答案C解析小石子到达A点时的速度为vAm/s20m/s，hm20m8一只气球以10m/s的速度匀速上升，某时刻在气球正下方距气球6m处有一小石子以20m/s的初速度竖直上抛，若g取10m/s2，不计空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是()A石子一定能追上气球B石子一定追不上气球C若气球上升速度等于9m/s，其余条件不变，则石子在抛出后1s追上气球D若气球上升速度等于7m/s，其余条件不变，则石子在到达最高点时追上气球答案BD解析该题考查追击问题，要注意对隐含条件的应用，追上时它们之间的距离缩短6m。速度相等是能否追上的关键条件。9(2013·合肥模拟)质点做直线运动的vt图象如图所示，规定向右为正方向，则该质点在前5s内平均速度的大小和方向分别为()A4m/s向右B2m/s向右C0.8m/s向右D1.6m/s向左答案C解析在vt图象中，图线与横轴所围面积代表位移，03s内，x16m，向右；35s内，x22m，负号表示方向向左，则05s内质点运动的位移xx1x24m，方向向右，0.8m/s，方向向右，选项C正确。10(2013·荆州模拟)某跳伞运动员从悬停在高空的直升机上跳下，他从跳离飞机到落地的过程中在空中沿竖直方向运动的vt图象如图所示，则下列关于他的运动情况分析正确的是()A010s加速度向下，1015s加速度向上B010s、1015s内都在做加速度逐渐减小的变速运动C010s内下落的距离大于100mD1015s内下落的距离大于75m答案ABC解析由图象可知010s的加速度方向为正，大小逐渐减小，1015s的加速度方向为负，大小也逐渐减小，则A、B正确；由图象的面积，可得010s的位移大于100m,1015s的位移小于75m，则C正确，D错误。第卷(非选择题共60分)二、填空题(共3小题，每小题6分，共18分。把答案直接填在横线上)11(6分)(2013·成都模拟)如图是一辆连有纸带的小车做匀变速直线运动时，打点计时器所打的纸带的一部分，打点频率为50Hz，图中A、B、C、D、E、F是按时间顺序先后确定的计数点(每两个计数点间有四个点未画出)。用刻度尺量出AB、DE之间的距离分别是2.40cm和0.84cm，那么小车的加速度大小是_m/s2，若当时电网中交变电流的频率变为60Hz，但该同学并不知道，那么做实验的这个同学测得的物体加速度的测量值与实验值相比_(选填“偏大”、“偏小”或“不变”)。答案0.52偏小解析由xmn(mn)aT2，得加速度a×102m/s20.52m/s2，若当时电网中交变电流的频率变为60Hz，计算时用的时间间隔偏大，测得的物体加速度的测量值与实际值相比偏小。12(6分)(2013·山西四校模拟)同打点计时器一样，光电计时器也是一种研究物体运动情况的常用计时仪器，其结构如图甲所示。a、b分别是光电门的激光发射和接收装置，当有物体从a、b间通过时，光电计时器就可以显示物体的挡光时间。现利用图乙所示装置研究滑块的运动情况，图中MN是水平桌面，Q是木板与桌面的接触点，1和2是固定在木板上适当位置的两个光电门，与之连接的两个光电计时器没有画出，让滑块从木板的顶端滑下，光电门1、2各自连接的计时器显示的挡光时间分别为5.0×102s和2.0×102s。用游标卡尺测量小滑块的宽度d，卡尺示数如图丙所示。(1)读出滑块的宽度d_cm。(2)滑块通过光电门1的速度v1_m/s(保留2位有效数字)(3)若提供一把米尺，测出两个光电门之间的距离为1.00m，则滑块运动的加速度为_m/s2(保留2位有效数字)。答案(1)5.015(2)1.0(3)2.6解析(1)游标卡尺的读数为50mm0.05×3mm50.15mm，滑块的宽度d5.015cm。(2)滑块通过光电门1的速度 v11.0m/s。(3)滑块通过光电门2的速度v22.5m/s，滑块运动的加速度a2.6m/s2。13(6分)(2013·黄冈模拟)如图所示是某同学在做“研究匀变速直线运动”实验时得到的一条用打点计时器(打点频率为50Hz)打下的纸带，并在其上取了A、B、C、D、E、F共6个计数点(每两个相邻的计数点之间还有四个点没有画出)，用毫米刻度尺对其进行测量，刻度尺的零刻度和计数点A正好对齐。(1)按照有效数字的读数规则读出相邻计数点AB、BC、CD、DE、EF间的距离s1、s2、s3、s4、s5，它们依次为1.0cm、1.40cm、1.84mm、2.26cm、xcm。则下列说法中正确的是_(双选)；A计数点AB间的距离s1的读数有误，正确读数为1.00 mmB计数点AB间的距离s1的读数有误，没有达到刻度尺的精度，正确读数为1.00cmC计数点CD间的距离s3的读数有误，正确读数为1.84cmD用毫米刻度尺测量长度时，当被测量的长度正好等于整数mm时，可以不估读(2)由图可知，计数点EF间的距离s5的正确读数为_mm；(3)根据以上的正确读数，可以得到计数点B的速度为_m/s，D的速度为_m/s(保留两位有效数字)；(4)根据以上的正确读数，利用计数点AB、BC、CD、DE间的距离s1、s2、s3、s4，得到该匀变速直线运动的加速度为_m/s2(保留两位有效数字)。答案(1)BC(2)27.0(3)0.120.21(4)0.43解析(1)在刻度尺的读数中有的是单位错误，有的是精度不够，本实验中使用的是毫米刻度尺，因此，读数应精确到mm后估读一位，选项BC正确。(2)s5的正确读数为27.0mm，必须估读一位；(3)vB×102m/s0.12m/s，vD×102m/s0.21m/s；(4)a×102m/s20.43m/s2。三、论述计算题(共4小题，共42分。解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤，只写出最后答案不能得分，有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位)14(10分)(2013·湖南五市十校模拟)一物体沿一直线从静止开始运动且同时开始计时，其加速度随时间周期性变化的关系图线如图所示，求：(1)物体在第4s末的速度；(2)物体在第4s内的位移。答案(1)8m/s(2)4m解析(1)由图线与坐标轴围成的面积表示速度，可得v48×12×(4)8×1m/s8m/s(2)由图可知物体在t3s时速度为零，因而在第4s内的位移sat2×8×1m4m15(10分)如图所示，一平直的传送带以速度v2m/s做匀速运动，传送带把A处的工件运送到B处，A、B相距L10m。从A处把工件无初速地放到传送带上，经过时间t6s，能传送到B处。欲用最短的时间把工件从A处传送到B处，求传送带的运行速度至少要达到多少。 答案2m/s解析由分析可知工件先加速后匀速，设加速时间为t1，匀速时间为t2，则有t1t26s，vt1vt210m，解得t12s，t24s。由a知am/s21m/s2。若要用最短时间把工件A传送到B处，工件需一直加速，设B的速度为v0，则由at210m，解得t2s，v0at2m/s。16(11分)(2013·北京西城模拟)由于高速公路维修只允许单车道通行，某段时间有甲、乙两辆车正在通行，甲车在前，乙车在后，如果t0时两车速度均为v030m/s，两车相距s0100m，且从此时开始两车按图示规律运动，两车能避免相撞吗？答案能解析由图知乙车刹车的加速度大小a3m/s25m/s2t13s时，甲车速度v1v0a1t103s后设经过时间t2甲、乙两车速度相等，此时距离最近a2t2v0a3t2解得t23s等速时，甲车位移x甲t1a2t乙车位移x乙v0t1v0t2a3t解得x乙x甲90m<s0100m所以不会相撞。17(11分)(2013·石家庄模拟)一列货车以28.8km/h的速度在铁路上运行。由于调度事故，在其后面有一列快车以72km/h的速度在同一轨道上同向驶来。快车司机发现货车时两车相距600m，他立即合上制动器刹车，但快车要滑行2km才能停下来。请你判断两车是否会相撞，并说明理由。答案会解析货车的速度v128.8km/h8m/s快车匀减速运动的初速度v2072km/h20m/s由v2v2ax，得快车的加速度am/s20.1m/s2从快车刹车到两车速度相等所需时间t，由v20atv1解得：t120s在此时间内，货车、快车的位移分别为：x1v1t8×120m960mx2v20tat220×120m×0.1×1202m1680m开始刹车时两车相距x0600m由于600m960m1560m<1680m，所以两车会相撞。培养具有良好的政治学、行政学基本理论素养和专门知识，掌握现代管理理论与方法，适合在党政机关、新闻出版机构、社会团体和企事业单位从事行政管理工作并能在学校extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan setsdeepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to "sluggish". Learning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continue the hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has a Zhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member "two" study and education to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, "one fishing white" became "fake words and not the mules". Learning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this "learning", how do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the "two" basic learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three point