2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题03构词法含解析.doc
专题03 【构词法】解题指导·触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”厘清两种情况，突破词性转换一、从句法功能上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”1名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。【例1】(2017·全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate)【分析】education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。【例2】(全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the _(develop) of chopsticks.【分析】development根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需用名词。2形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。【例3】(2017·全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road._【分析】suddenlysudden此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。3形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后。【例4】(全国卷)At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them._【分析】freelyfree此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them摆脱他们。4形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。【例5】As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so _(beauty)【分析】beautiful使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。5副词在句中修饰动词。【例6】(全国卷)The title will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.【分析】officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰谓语动词be given。6副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。【例7】(全国卷)Dad and I were terrible worried._【分析】terribleterribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。7副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。【例8】(广东卷)_(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.【分析】Luckily此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。8要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。【例9】(全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _(disappoint)【分析】disappointed空处和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点词形变化是重点，注意特殊的变化：以e结尾的形容词变副词，切记true需把e去掉加ly；以ble，ple结尾的形容词都是去e加y。另外需注意形副同形词。【例10】(全国卷)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady._【分析】steadysteadily谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。【例11】(全国卷)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _(regular)【分析】regularly此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语take short breaks。【例12】(陕西卷)My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird._【分析】immediateimmediately此处修饰jumped up，故用副词形式。考点突破·针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一 动词、形容词转化为名词1动词转化为名词后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationexpectexpectation期望correctcorrection 改正attractattraction 吸引discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论特殊：explainexplanation 解释admitadmission 接纳；准许入学competecompetition 比赛，竞争pronouncepronunciation 发音describedescription 描写decidedecision决定celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会concludeconclusion 结论inviteinvitation 邀请graduategraduation 毕业er/orreadreader读者drivedriver 司机；驾驶员announceannouncer 广播员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府特殊：argueargument 辩论；论据ance/enceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅特殊：guideguidance 指引；指导ingbeginbeginning开始ure/turefailfailure失败；倒闭presspressure 压力departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物特殊：exposeexposure 暴露yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势2.形容词转化为名词后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyaccurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密efficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅domfreefreedom自由；自主特殊：wisewisdom 明智；智慧boredboredom 厌烦ence/ancedifferentdifference差异silentsilence 沉默patientpatience 耐心absentabsence 缺席presentpresence 出席confidentconfidence 信心convenientconvenience 便利importantimportance 重要nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thwarmwarmth温暖；热情特殊：strongstrength 力气；强项deepdepth 深度longlength 长度widewidth 宽度y/ty/ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难safesafety 安全cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴特殊：responsibleresponsibility 责任disabledisability 无能；伤残考点二 名词、动词转化为形容词后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的【名师点津】ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修饰事或物。考点三 形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加lyclearclearly清楚地greatgreatly 很，大大地以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加lyhappyhappily 高兴地heavyheavily 沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加yterribleterribly 可怕地；极度地gentlegently 轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加lytruetruly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfullfully充分地；完全地dulldully 迟钝地词尾为ic的形容词，加allybasicbasically主要地；基本上scientificscientifically 合乎科学地【名师点津】注意以下形容词变副词的拼写：wholewholly完全地；shyshyly害羞地；drydryly/drily干燥地。跟踪检测·迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空1(2019·全国卷) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.2(2018·全国卷) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.3(2019·全国卷) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.4(2019·全国卷) They also shared with us many _(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were_(huge) popular with tourists.5(2018·全国卷) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe) fertilizer consumption.II.精选典题构词法专题对点训练·单句语法填空6Known as Golden Pebble Beach, Jinshitan is famous for its beautiful _(nature) scenery.7The ticket prices for China highspeed trains are reasonable and, on most routes, the frequency of departure is very high, so people can buy tickets_ (convenient)8If we are_ (satisfy) with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.9Over the years, Dalians Jinpu New District has _(success) held a number of special tourism festivals with its rich culture and tourism resources.10_(surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students.11_(explore) of the Moon did continue after the astronauts left, but by robots instead of people.12She said the last vicemonitor, Joey, had been very rude and _(kind) to her.13However, for the majority _(west) people, university means freedom from home.14“We are now thinking about development, allowing the paintings to be more _(create)，” he said.15All the infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition will be finished _(complete) at the end of March.III.精选典题构词法专题对点训练·单句改错16Just recently, a local woman Sarah Darling accidental dropped her engagement ring into his cup while she was giving him some change. 17In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenience, regardless of time and space. 18Taking an active part in various voluntary activities can also be of great beneficial. 19However, my favourite subject is music, especially classical music which often makes my heart peacefully.20I knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the competition working market.IV.精选典题构词法专题对点训练·短文语法填空At one point along an open highway, I came to 21._crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now,but as I drove up to the light,it turned red,and I braked to a halt. I looked left, right, and behind me nothing or 22._Not a car,no suggestion of headlights,but there I sat, waiting for the light to change,the only human being 23._at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering 24._I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of 25._（catch) by the police,because there was 26._（obvious) no policeman anywhere around and it certainly would not have been 27._（danger) even if I had gone through it.Much later that night, the same question of why I 28._（stop)for that light came back to me. Its not only the law,but its also an 29._（agree)we have,and we trust each other to honor it. 30._（do) observe the traffic rules at any case.
