英语语法口诀ppt课件.ppt

冠词名词是秃子，常要戴帽子。可数名词单，须用a或an。辅音前用a， an在元音前。若为特指时，则须用定冠。复数不可数，泛指the不伴。碰到代词时，冠词均不见。定冠词使用口诀世界独一二次现，序词形容高级前。富人伤员按天算，方位乐器影剧院。群岛河山江湖海，沙漠海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名，普专复合姓氏前。组织团体和机关，朝代会议及报刊。双知年代击中脸，特指事物及习惯。the moon; the first lesson; the nicest book; the wounded, the rich, by the day, by the hour; in the east; the piano; the cinema; the Yellow River; the Sahara desert; the Summer Palace, the Peoples Republic of China; the Smiths; 双知指双方都知道的事物； 击中脸指击打的动作常用于“beat / hit / strike + 某人+介词+the+被击打的身体部位”; the +形容词比较级, the +形容词比较级; in the beginning, by the way, in the end, in the morning, at the foot of, at the age of,零冠词用法口诀下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限。复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐。专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前。交通手段和节日，习语称谓和头衔。This book; They are teachers; play basketball; English/ Chinese; have lunch; America/ Mr. Brown/ Beijing; Spring comes after winter; Paper is made from wood; by plane; Womens Day; go to school/ at home/ in time/ at night; Mum, where is my bag?巧记-f(e)结尾的名词复数小偷之妻生活难，自己扫叶来做饭。忽见一狼躲架后，取刀把它劈两半。thief wife lifeself leaf wolf shelf knife half f ( e ) -veswife-wives; life-lives; shelf-shelves巧记-f结尾的名词直接加s边复数海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。 gulf; roof; chief; serf; belief; proof; handkerchief巧记“某国人”边复数口诀合成词尾含女、男， a变e来记心间，中、日、瑞士葡萄牙， 复数形式无变化；其他所有情况下， -s词尾放心加。a woman- many womena Frenchman-some Frenchmena Chinese- two Chinesean American- three Americans巧记单复数同形的名词中国人和日本人很爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼。 a Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese- four Japanese a Sheep- a group of sheep a Deer- five deer a Fish- six fish名词所有格用法歌诀1）英语名词所有格，表示某物是”谁的”。所有格构成有方法，多数要把s加。复数词尾有s，只加逗点就可以。名词若为无生命，我们常把of用。2）钥匙答案桥和路，出入口的所有格用to.Jacks father; the teachers office; the legs of the desk; the key to the door; the answer to the question; the bridge to the knowledge; the way to the school; the exit to the castle; the entrance to the park巧记100内的基数词基数词不难记，找出规律就容易。零至二十样各异，一个一个单独记。后加teen边十几，thirteen, fifteen 看仔细。十八需要看准确，eighteen 只有一个。二十到九十加ty，twenty, eighty 重点记。forty 去掉字母u，thirty, fifty 更出奇。十位数后接个位数，表示数字几十几。排列顺序不费力，连字符号莫丢弃。写到几百几十几，and 把百与十系。巧学妙记加努力，hundred 是你的好成绩。基数词变序数词歌诀基变序很容易，结尾加上 “th”，一二三特殊记，结尾各是t、d、d。八减t, 九去e, f来把ve替，y改为 “ie”，结尾仍有 “th”。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。 one- first; two- second; three- third four- fourth; five- fifth; eight- eighth; nine- ninth; twenty- twentieth thirty-seven- thirty-seventh巧记分数表达法（1）分数表达法分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于 “1”，分母加 “-s”。带分数莫着急，前加整数就可以。分母若是 “2”和 “4”，half, quarter 可代替。（2）巧记假分数与带分数表达法分子大,分母小，首先化为带分数，and 跟在整数后。巧说时间差 “几分”到 “几点”,写个 “to”字在中间。若是 “几点”过 “几分”， 还是 past 来接管。若是嫌此还麻烦，先 “点”后 “分”也能办。ten to twelve / twelve tentwenty past nine / nine twentya quarter to seven / seven fifteen half past five / five thirty倍数表达法倍数表达有三样，”A + 倍数 + ( ) B”是同项。同项括号有三种， “比较极 + than“是首桩；“as + 原级 + as” 不可忘，填完 “the + 名词 + of”才够量。1) The playground is three times bigger than that one.2) The playground is three times as big as that one.3) The playground is three times the size of that one.人称代词、物主代词变化口诀（一）人称代词有变化，主格、宾格记牢它；I, me; we, us; you 和 it 无变化；she 和 her; he, him; they 的宾格是 them。（二）物主代词分两家，形、名词性各一霸；his, its 无变化, my, mine 记牢它；其余变形规律化，形容词(性)后加尾巴(-s)。巧学不定代词不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。1) I have nothing important to say.2) Nobody in our office has been invited to his birthday party.动词种类速记歌诀英语动词分四种，行为、连系、助动、情。动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用。连系动词有词义，不能独立作谓语。须与表语在一起，常用look, become & be。助动词来无词义，不能独立做谓语。时态、疑问和否定，do, be, will 最尽力。情态动词must, can, may, 表示情态和语气。人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。巧学 have 的三种使役用法have 用作使役动，后跟宾补有三种。若 “叫别人做某事”，have sth. done 记心中，done 为过分表被动，get, have两相同;“听任” “保持”用doing，现分进行有主动。如 “让某人做某事”，have sb. do sth. 可使用。不定式 do 把 to 省，let, make, have 孪弟兄。1) I have / get my hair cut once a month.2) You had the light burning all night yesterday.3) Dont let /make /have the child stand outside.一般现在时用法歌诀用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。一般现在时，表示经常发生事。主语人称是三单，动词要把-s /-es 添。主语之后是谓语，肯定陈述的语序。一般疑问 do 当先，否定谓语前 dont 添。基本用法要记清，状语习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。动词有三单，词尾常把 -s 添,词尾若是 s, ch, sh,直接加上 es。词尾有字母 x 或 o,加上 es 不用愁。辅音字母加 y,要把 y 先变成 i。动词加-s 或 es 方法歌work- works; wash- washes; watch- watches; pass- passes;study- studies; do does; go goes 现在进行时用法口诀主语在句首，am, is, are 跟在后。现在分词跟着走，其他成分不能丢。表示动作正进行，句中 now 时间定。一般问句这样变，把 be 提到主语前。否定句式也简单，be 后再把 not 添。e.g. The old man is walking along the river.现在进行要注意，有be还有ing;be 的形式看主语，双写情况更留意；否定be后加not, 疑问主语前是be。现在分词构成口诀现在分词用途多，进行时态不可缺。它的构成很好记，动词后缀 -ing。词尾若有哑音 e，去 e 再加没问题。一辅重读闭音节，这个字母要双写。还有一点要注意，改 ie 为 y 再加 -ing。 teach- teaching; like- liking; lie- lying; die- dying get getting; begin -beginning一般过去时用法歌诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中谓语用过去式，过去时间作标记。否定句,很简单，主语之后 didnt 添。疑问构成也不难，主语前面 did 加。还有一点不能删，后面的动词要还原。e.g. 1) Last week, I listened to his music, but I didnt like it at all. 2) Did you go to the cinema last Sunday?规则动词过去式构成方法口诀过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加 -ed。如果词尾有个 e，只要直接加上 -d。“辅音字母+ y”在词尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed，“一辅重闭”做尾巴，双写之后 ed 加。travel 一词是特例，双写 l 再把 -ed加。过去式用于过去时，表示过去发生的事。以后学习过去分词，变化规律同过去式。push- pushed; like- liked; study- studied; stop- stopped; travel- travelled一般将来时用法歌诀动词一般将来时，表示将要发生事。谓语动词要记清，助词 will + 原形。时间状语表将来，一般情况离不开。要变一般疑问句，will 主语前面移。否定句式也简单，will 后边 not 添。1) They will have a meeting tomorrow.2) -Will you go home next weekend? -No, I will not / wont.巧记be going to用法歌诀be going to 表打算,准备计划将来干。表可能,有必然,通过现象来判断。使用它,要注意，疑问形式 be 前提。否定句,更简单，not 放在 be 后边。to 之后动原形，be 的形式看人称。下列词,要注意，come, go 和离身去(leave)。进行时,表将来，牢牢记住莫忘记。现在完成时用法歌诀学习现在完成时，谓语结构要记清。-“have / has + 过去分词”。主要用法有两个-过去发生的动作，对现在影响或结果，just, already 常用着。过去动作或状态，一直延续到现在，for 或 since 把时间带。1) The Smiths have already been to many countries.2) He has studied English for over twenty years / since he was ten years old.have been to 和 have gone to 区别歌诀been to, gone to 意不同,两者用法要分清：“have been to + 地名”， “曾经到过某地”人已回；“have gone to + 地名”，“去了某地”人未归。1) My father has been to Beijing several times.2) -Where has Tom gone?-He has gone to France.had 加上 “过去分”，构成过去完成时。过去完成的意义，也表 “完成”或 “延续”。不过 “时间”往前推，它表 “过去的过去”。若有主、从两个句，先后动作分别叙。哪个在先哪 “完成”，哪个在后哪 “过去”。过去完成时用法口诀1) We had learnt 30 passages by the end of last month.2) When he came, I had finished my homework.巧记十个瞬间动词开始离去，借来还，出生入死，买到家。begin leave go borrow come returnjoin die buy arrive被动语态口诀（一）动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做的没必要。 接受动作者要强调，用被动语态最为妙。（二）宾变主,把 “是be”补，动词跟,变过(去)分(词)。 时与数, “是be”随主，时态随原句,莫变要记清。 主语代词变宾格,成为 “by” 之宾。（三）被动不离 “be”, “p.p.”, 主谓一致莫忘记， 句中时态要留意，”进行”易漏一个 “be”。1) His wallet was stolen yesterday afternoon.2) A young man was beating a dog when I entered.= A dog was being beaten by a young man when.复合宾语变被动口诀复合宾语结构中，“感官” “使役”最常用。主动结构变被动，根据常规来使用。主动宾补是动原，变成被动则不然。原来宾补成主补，省去的 to 要还原。1) I found him lying on the floor.= He was found lying on the floor.2) His father let /made him stay at home alone.= He was let / was made to stay at home alone.感官使役感官使役动词用法口诀感使动词真奇怪，to 在句中象妖怪；主动句里 to 走开，被动句里 to 回来。1) We often hear her sing in the kitchen.= She is often heard to sing in the kitchen.2) His mother doesnt let him watch TV.He isnt let to watch TV.不带to的不定式作宾补不定式不带 to，九个动词要记住。一听(hear)二看(see, watch)三感觉(feel, notice, observe),还有 make, let和 have。作宾补，是秃头；当主补时要带 to。含情态动词变被动方法主动句中含情动，变成被动很容易。情动加be加 “过(去)分(词)”，其他成分莫丢弃。若要熟悉运用它，必须经常来练习。1) You can not put your bike here.= Your bike can not be put here.2) I may do my homework a bit later.= My homework may be done a bit later.虚拟语气用法巧记虚拟语气意虚幻，愿望事实总相反。所列条件是假设，亦表建议和委婉。假设条件在现在，具体事实没实现。从句使用过去时，主句动前 would 添。过去事实已存在，后来设想不一般。would 加上完成时，过去完成凑条件。表示将来可能性，小而又小很可怜。would 后面动词立，从句 should 加动原。wish 后接宾从句，主语想法难实现。从句虚拟分三种，现在将来谓语换。as if (as though) 来引导，情同 wish 宾从连。一个坚持俩命令，三个建议四请愿。所有从句都在数，虚拟 should 放动前。虚拟语气经常用，莫与直陈混一谈。虚拟语气用法巧记一个坚持：两个命令：三个建议：四个要求：insistcommand, ordersuggest, advise, proposedemand, desire, request, require以上动词后的宾语从句中，以上动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为谓语为“(should) do”(should) do”形式，形式，“should” should” 可以省可以省略。略。1) If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film.2) If I were you, I would go with him.3) If the hurricane hadnt happened during the day time, there wouldnt have been so many deaths.4) He wishes he could be/ were in Canada now.5) What she said seemed as if /as though she had never known the man, but I know exactly that she once lived next to him.6) The teacher suggested /proposed /required /requested / demanded / insisted /ordered (that) we (should) remember these good methods of learning English.情态动词二要点:动词原形跟后面，说话语气较委婉。can表 “能力”, may “许可”， must “责任”或 “义务”，否定回答 neednt换；“需要” need, dare “敢”， should “应该”, would “愿”， have to “被迫”表客观。情态动词记忆口诀巧记May, can, must的用法与否定情态动词这三个，can, may 和 must；can是 “能”来 may “可以”，must “一定”或“必须”。must “一定”语气硬，“猜测”也是最肯定。否定句中它不用，只能用来表肯定。Need用法口诀(1)实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词，主动形式被动意思。(2)情态动词表“需要”，没有时态数人称。其后直接跟动词，多用于疑问和否定。(3)名词need表“需要”，中学用得比较少，need词性共三种，用时千万要慎重。1) We need it very much. 2) He needs some help.3) She needed to have a long rest.4) The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.5) Need we buy five new bikes? 6) He need go now.巧记have to和 must的用法区别“主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去。若是“客观”“不得不”，赶快换上have to。1) You must hand in your exercise book today.2) I had to go there before six oclock yesterday.“had better”用法巧记口诀表达“建议”和“忠告”，“had better”为“最好”，建议某人“最好不”，要用“had better not do”1) Youd better write to your family once a month.2) Shed better not ask him to do that.肯(can)不肯?妹(may)不问, 妈妈(must)肯定不否问.巧记情态动词表“推测”的用法1) - Look at the man standing over there? Who can it be?- It may be a new teacher.2) You must have stayed very late last night. Just look at your eyes.3) - I havent seen Tom this morning yet. Where may he go? Has he gone to New York?- He cant have gone there. He told me he would have a meeting here today.非谓语动词句法功能口诀“动词特征”全都有，“名词特征”分词无。“形、副特征”怎么样？只有“动名”一个无。“主谓宾表、定状补”，外加“同位”数一数，“主、宾、同位”分词无，“动名”缺的是“定、状、补”。 种类 主 宾 同位 表 定 状 补作用 不定式动名词分词巧记接不定式作宾语的动词巧记接不定式作宾语的动词“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。干。”A A、要求，想要，希望、要求，想要，希望( (want, wish, hope, expect, intend, mean) )B B、同意、同意( (agree, promise) )C C、意愿、意愿( (care, hate, refuse) )D D、决定，企图、决定，企图( (determine, decide, offer, attempt, try, manage) )巧记接动名词作宾语的动词（巧记接动名词作宾语的动词（1 1）值得 想象 莫回避，建议 坚持 不放弃；不禁 完成 别推迟，喜爱 练习 不介意；错过 考虑 介词to，后接动词加 -ing.worth imagine avoid suggest insist give upcant help finish delay enjoy practise mindmiss consider 巧记接动名词作宾语的动词（巧记接动名词作宾语的动词（2 2）建议 承认, 考虑 避免，喜欢 耽搁, 完成原谅，否认 允许, 宽恕 逃脱，介意 想象, 保持错过，练习 阻挡, 抵抗 冒险，懂得 欣赏。 suggest admit, consider avoid, like/enjoy delay , finish excuse, deny allow , forgive escape , mind imagine, keep miss , practise prevent , resist risk , understand appreciate巧记接动名词作宾语的动词（巧记接动名词作宾语的动词（3 3）建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。如：建议：如：建议：advise, suggest；冒险；冒险:risk；献身；献身:devote oneself to； 忍受：忍受：bear； 期待：期待：look forward to；停；停顿：顿：stop；放弃：；放弃：give up；延期：；延期：delay；后悔：；后悔：regret；坚持：；坚持：insist；欣赏：；欣赏：enjoy；实践：；实践：practise；注意：注意：pay attention to；原谅：；原谅：excuse, forgive；反对：；反对：object to；考虑：；考虑：consider；不自禁：；不自禁：cant help；允许：；允许：allow；习惯：；习惯：get/ be used to；介意：；介意：mind；值得：；值得：worth分词作状语在句中所表示的意义巧记分词作状语，概有七意义。“时间”和“原因”，“结果”与“目的”。“方式”加“伴随”，“条件”常出席。且谈其主语，句子主语是常理。欲要记住它，必须常练习。巧用“令（使）人令（使）人”解的动词分词式过去分词作表定，修饰通常是人称。表示“使人”怎么样，皆由外因出感情。现在分词作表定，主语常是事、物名。表示“令人”怎么样，说明性质或特征。1) Its well-known that a tiger looks very frightening, so I was frightened by one in the zoo last week.2) We all feel surprised that such a surprising event took place in this area.巧记形容词排序限定描绘大长高，形容年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。限定词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低+形状+时间、年龄+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+目的+名词(中心词) a beautiful young Chinese girl two short old Japanese businessmen a little white stone bridge a small round yellow French wooden writing desk名词变形容词的方法口诀名变形有多种，下列情况最常用：时间、称谓是一种，一般常把 -ly 用；天气名词要记清，后缀 -y 变成形；情感名词又一类，-ful 是后缀。week-weekly friend-friendly sister-sisterlycloud-cloudy rain-rainy sun-sunnycare-careful beauty-beautiful hope-hopeful巧记enough在句中的位置修饰名词可前后，用作副词要放后；后面还可加 to do，用作名词意“足够”。1) I have prepared enough food for five people.2) - Would you like another piece of cake? - No, thanks. I have had enough.3) The boy is old enough to go to school.前有甲后有乙，中间来个比较级，比较级前用个be,比较级后用个“比(than)”。原级变成比较级，-er 结尾要牢记；一般情况直接加，单辅重读双写加；辅音加 y 变 i 加，以 e 结尾去 e 加；少数部分双音节，规则如同单音节。其余双音多音节，其前就把 more 来加；不规则词没几个，个别记忆就解决。形容词和副词比较级构成歌诀1) You can run faster than me.2) The house is much bigger than that one.3) I feel more satisfied with my son than his father.最高级也容易，原级后加 -est；规则同于比较级，提醒一点就可以；其余双音多音节，前加 most 牢牢记。还有一点稍留心，最高级前要用 the；若是副词最高级，用不用 the 皆可以。形容词和副词最高级构成歌诀 1) Mary is the most clever girl in her class. 2) Who runs (the) fastest in your class?巧记特殊形式的比较级 合二为一共三对， “坏”、“病”、两“多”并两“好”； 一分为二有两个， 一是“远”来，二是“老”； 还有一词含双意， 只记“少”来不记“小”。第一对：bad / ill - worse - worst第二对：many / much - more - most第三对：good / well - better - best一个：far(远)- farther / further - farthest / furthest另一个：old - older / elder - oldest / eldestlittle(少) - less / least巧记形容词比较级用法两者相比用比较，三者以上用最高。两者若是一个样，asas要用上。甲不如乙加 not，意思与 less than 差不多。程度递增”越来越”，比较级用 and 来连接。两种情况同时变，the more, the better是样板。1) His handwriting is as good as yours.2) I can not speak as fast as you.3) The more you listen to English, the better you will learn it.巧记So与 such的用法名前such，形、副 so，多多少少也用 so。little属特殊， “小”用 such， “少”用 so。1) She is such a clever girl. = She is so clever a girl.2) So little a child has made so much money in such a little time.里面 in来上面 on, over 、under上下方。前 in front of 后 behind, at在某一点上。来自 from朝前 to， 中间穿过是 through。表面穿过 across，到上面 onto；进入 into。旁边 beside，附近 near.看图唱歌难也易，课后还须认真记。表示方位介词用法歌诀时间名词前介词用法口诀年月周前要用 in,日子前面却要禁.遇到几号要用 on,上午下午又是 in.要说某日上下午,用 on 换 in 才能行.午夜黄昏须用 at ,黎明用它也正确,at 也用在时分前.说”差”可要用上 to,说”过”只用 past.多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎.except (for), but, besides 等的用法区别辨析 “除外”看含义, “包括在内” besides.except, but不包括, “除去”后面名代词.but 前有不定词,后面常跟不定式.except that接从句, except for不同质.表 “时间”when连词,巧辨 except众兄弟.巧记but后面省略 to的用法前面有 do 不带 to;无 do 后面多有 to.1) He did nothing but watch TV and sleep last night.2) We had no choice but to listen to him.巧记Whether与 if引导名词性从句异同主从表从同位从, if 不用 whether 用;discuss和介词, whether引宾从;不定式、or not后面跟， whether独能显神通；宾从如是否定句，if 发挥其功用；避免歧义要慎重，其他情况可换用。用 because 不用 so,用 but 不用 though (although).用 and 不用 if you,用 not any 不用 no.hardly, never, little 和 few,本身已包含 no.从属连词和并列连词不同时使用口诀句子成分巧划分主在前、谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间 to, for 连。宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。变疑问句口诀“是”、“有”、“情”、“助”移向前，主语前面把身安。一般现在和过去，Does, Do, Did先添；再改谓语为原形，最后在把问号点。1) Peter studies pop music in the university.Does Peter study pop music in the university?2) I saw the boy when he entered.Did you see the boy when he entered?3) The man can speak three languages.Can the man speak three languages?What用途真广泛,要文”什么”它当先. (Whats this?)问”姓名” ”职业”也在前,(Whats your name? /Whats your father?)Whats the time?问时间.How开头来”问安”, ( How do you do? /How are you?)Who问”谁”, (Whos that man?)“谁的”Whose来承担. (Whose pencil is this?)询问”某地”用Where, (Where is her car?)“哪一个”Which句首站. (Which one do you like better?)巧记特殊疑问词用法歌诀反意疑问句回答方法歌诀回答反意疑问句,答案含义是依据;肯定事实用 yes,否定事实 no 替.反意疑问句三要点,前后谓语正相反.短句 not 如出现,必须缩写是习惯.最后一点须注意,短句代词作主语.反意疑问句用法歌诀 Xiao ping likes playing basketball, doesnt he?巧学妙用祈使句 动词原形物主语, 婉言用请 “please” ; 牢记句型 BVLD, 定能掌握祈使句.B: Be +表语(名词、形容词等). Be careful.V: V.(行为动词) +宾语 + 其他成分. Look after yourself.L: Let+宾语(第一、第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其他成分.Lets go to school together.D: Dont +动词原形+其他成分.Dont go to swim in the polluted river.选择连接词,只看陈述句.and 叫人心欢畅, or 的后果不好尝.巧定“祈使句+陈述句”连接词1) Come early, and(就) youll catch the early bus.2) Come early, or(否则) youll miss the early bus.3) Use your head, then(那么) youll find a way.4) Use your head, or else you wont find a way.5) Work hard, and then(才) you wont fail.6) Work hard, otherwise, youll fail.感叹句用法口诀 感叹句并不难,what 或 how 放句前, 强调部分要弄清,它在叹词”啊”字前. 强调名词用 what,其余用 how