2022年初三上册U4--6知识点 .pdf

知识点大全U4 He said I was hard-working 1. 看肥皂剧watch soap operas 2.举行一次惊喜晚会have a surprise party 3. 在周五晚上on Friday night 4.生某人的气be mad at sb5.首先 first of all 6. 做课外家庭作业do a homework project 7.递给某人某物pass sb sth=pass sth to sb =pass on sth to sb=pass sth on to sb 8.在公共汽车站at the bus stop 9. 理应做某事be supposed to do 10.擅长 be good at=do well in 11. 很抱歉做某事be sorry to do sth 12.感冒 have/catch a cold 13. 身体健康be in good health 14.一次期末考试an end-of-year exam 15. 在某事方面感到费劲have a hard time with 16.做某事很吃惊be surprised to do 17. 捎去某人的问候send ones love 18.到现在为止for now 19. 抄袭别人的家庭作业copy others homework 20.传些口信pass on some messages 21. 大打一架have a big fight 22.忘记去做某事forget to do 23.养成一个坏习惯start a bad habit 24.克服 get over 25.改变某人的生活change ones life=change the life of sb 26.在一个贫困的山村in a poor mountain village 27. 听起来像sound like 28.一个北京大学的毕业生a Peking University graduate 29. 一个为期一年的计划a one-year program 30.由发起 be started by 31. 教育部 the Ministry of Education 32.派人去做某事send sb to do 33. 对某人来说是一个新的经历be a new experience for sb 34. 海拔 2000 米 2000 meters above sea level 35.使某人觉得恶心make sb feel sick 36. 经历不同的事experience different things37.打开某人对外面世界的视野open up ones eyes to the outside world 38. 给某人生活一个好的开始give sb a good start in life 39.在某人的生活中有一个好的影响be a good influence in ones life40. 关爱地球母亲care for “Mother Earth ” 41. 无国界医生Doctors Without Borders 42. 濒危野生动物wild animals in danger 43.处于危险之中be in danger 44. 脱离危险be out of danger 3语法直接引语和间接引语【重难点分析】直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时， 除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework. ”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。例如：She asked Jack, “ Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页知识点大全1.陈述句的间接引语陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that 引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。 ” 他说。He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。She said to me, “You can t settle anything now. ” 她对我说： “此刻你无法解决任何事情。”She told me that I couldn t settle anything then.她对我说那时侯我无法解决任何事。2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号， 动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：(1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether 或 if 引导。如： “Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。“ Can you tell me the way to the hospital? ” The old man asked. 那个老人问： “你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如： “Which room do you live in? ” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？”She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or 引导。如： “Is it your bike or Tom s? Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我的妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的。3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to 的不定式短语。如： Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.” 杰克说： “玛丽明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking. ”老师对学生们说： “不要讲话了。 ”The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。“Dont touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西。 ”他说。 He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。4. 动词时态和代词等的变动(1). 某些代词， 限定词， 表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：直接引语间接引语todaythat day now then, at that moment yesterdaythe day before 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页知识点大全the day before yesterdaytwo days before tomorrowthe next day / the following day the day after tomorrowtwo days after, / in two days next week/ month etcthe next week/month etc last week/ month etcthe week / month etc. before herethere thisthat thesethose comego bringtake (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词， 限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时；“ I feel better today.” He said. “我今天感觉好多了。 ”他说。He said that he felt better that day. 他说他那天感觉好多了。现在进行时变为过去进行时；“Xiao Ming is doing some washing ” Mum said.“小明正在洗衣服。 ”妈妈说。Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing. 妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。Unit 5 If you go to the party,youll have a great time!1. 去参加晚会go to the party 2.玩得高兴 have a great time 3. 让某人进let in 4.备考 study for ones test5. 一半的同学half the class 6.岁末晚会 end of year party 7. 穿牛仔裤wear jeans 8.把拿走take away 9. 在晚会期间during the party 10.校大扫除 school clean-up 11. 儿童医院探视Children s Hospital visit12.环球旅行travel around the world 13. 获得教育get an education 14.足球代理人professional soccer player 15. 谋生 make a living 16.似乎 seem like sth/doing sth 17. 梦想的职业dream job 18.捐给慈善机构give to charity 19. 一直 all the time 20.受伤 get injured 21. 很难做某事have a difficult/hard time 22.实际上 in fact 23. 能够 be able to/can 24.手机 mobile phone 25. 与某人度过时光spend time with sb （一） If 引导的条件状语从句（二） be doing, be going to do和 will 在表示将来时的区别（三） should的用法考点一： if 引导的条件状语从句典型例题【考例】If_, I will go. A. he doesn t come B. he won t comeC. he will comeD. he is coming知识概括、方法总结与易错点分析第三部分本单元语法讲解精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页知识点大全if 引导的条件状语从句。If 是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果 的话 ” ，用法如下：1 、 表 示 假 设 ， 表 示 将 会 发 生 和 可 能 发 生 的 事 ， 或 进 行 提 醒 警 告 。 句 子 结 构 如 下 ：If + 句子（一般现在时） ，+主句（主语will/may/can) + 动词）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel . if 条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是“ 如果 ” 的意思。构成条件从句主句时态If一般现在时，主语 shall/will+ 动词原形例句If he comes, he will take us to the zoo. 用法：(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if 引导，意为 “ 如果、假如 ” ，主句不能用be going to 表示将来，而应该用 shall，will 。 如： If you leave now, you will never regret it. 如果你现在离开，你就不会后悔。(2)if “如果 ” ，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。如：If it rains tomorrow, we wont go there. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去那了。注意： 宾语从句中的if 与条件状语从句if 的区别。宾语从句中的if “是否 ” 相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。如： I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义. 民 间谚语等，句型是：If + 句子（一般现在时） ，+ 主句（一般现在时） . 例：If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft . If a plant don t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.针对性练习1. The football match will be put off if it _. A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 2. There _ a basketball game this afternoon. A. is going to haveB. will beC. is going to playD. will play 3. This work is _ for me than for you. AdifficultBthe most difficultCmost difficultDmore difficult 4. Ill catch up with Lucy before she _ the finishing line. AreachBis reachingCreaches inDwill reach 5. Excuse me. Could you tell me _? Awheres the post officeBwheres post office Cwhats she doingDwhere the post office is 6. I wont go if it _ tomorrow. Arain Bis rainingC rainsDwill rain 7. Liu Ming is good at _ English. Aspeak BspeaksCspeakingDspoke 8. Youd better _ your coat. The room is too hot Atake offBput onC take outDtake care 9. In the race Wu Dong ran fastest. No one could _ him Aget on withB hurry upCgive upDcatch up with 10. Watching TV _ is bad for your eyes. Amuch tooBmany too Ctoo much Dto many考点二： be doing, be going to do 和 will 在表示将来时的区别典型例题I think I m going to the dance with Karen and Ann. 我想我会和Karen and Ann 一起跳舞。What will happen if they have the party tomorrow? 如果他们明天举行聚会，将会发生什么？I am going to the school party. 我要参加学校聚会。If you do, the teachers will call your parents. 如果你那样做，老师们将给你们的父母打电话。知识概括、方法总结与易错点分析一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。1 will/shall+ 动词原形精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页知识点大全shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 “ 主语 +will/shall+ 动词原形 ” 例如： I will call you this evening. 其疑问句形式为“Will/Shall+主语 +动词原形 ” ，否定句形式为 “ 主语 +will/shall+not+ 动词原形 ” 。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first ？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2 be going to do表示将来a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 计划， 安排要发生的事。例如： The play is going to be produced next month 。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。d.说明决心：She is going to have a baby. She doesn t like the meeting, she is going to arrive late. 【注意】 “be going to do” 和”will/shall+动词原形 ” 区别在于，前者表示事先考虑好的意图，而后者则表示未经事先考虑的意图。I am going to play games this afternoon./ It will rain tonight. 3.be doing 表将来时1） 表示转移的动词leave,go, come, start 等进行时态表将来的时候，时常伴有意图，安排或打算的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，它常常表示最近或较近的将来。He is leaving fro London tomorrow. 他明天就要去伦敦。2) 表示将来的现在进行时除用转移动词外，也可以用某些非转移动词。如: When I grow up, I am joining the army. 我长大要参军。下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时: e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on. she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 针对性练习：1 _you _a doctor when you grow up? A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be 2 I don t know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesn t rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in 4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A finishes B doesn t finish C will finish D won t finish6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brother s birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 二、填空1 -“ I need some paper.” - “ I _(bring)some for you.”2_(be)you free tomorrow? 3 They _(not leave) until you come back. 4 _we_(go) to the party together this afternoon? 5 They want to know when the meeting _start. 6 I _(go) with you if I have time. 7 Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.0 8 What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon? 9 Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow. 10 If she isn t free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in the party.考点三：情态动词should 用法should 这个中学英语课本中出现频率很高的一个词。它用法灵活、含义丰富，一直属于热点。should 用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should 后边加 not 一 、作 为 情 态 动 词 ， 通 常 用 来 表 示 现 在 或 将 来 的 责 任 或 义 务 ， 表 示 “ 应 该 ， 应当” Crime should be punished. 犯罪应受惩罚。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页知识点大全Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 一主要短语1. 收集贝壳collect shells 2.滑冰马拉松skating marathon 3. 你第一双滑冰鞋your first pair of skates4.募捐 raise money 5. 整整五小时the whole five hours 6.三年半 three and a half years 7. 填充动物玩具stuffed animals 8.妖怪雪球snow glob of the monster 9. 用光 run out of 10.在我十七岁生日时on my seventeenth birthday 11. 顺便说一下by the way 12.最常见的the most common 13. 送某人某物send sb sth 14.才艺表演a talent show 15. 额外的英语课extra Englsih class 16.古币 old coins 17. 自由话题free topic 18.想起 think of 19. 著名人物famous characters 20.黑龙江省会the capital of Heilongjiang Province 21. 具有丰富多彩的历史with a colorful history 22.欧洲的影响European influence 23. 苏联风格in Russian style 24.家史 family history 25. 惊奇 be surprised 26.受到的欢迎be welcomed by 27. 宋朝皇帝the Song Emperor 28.西方历史western history 29. 越越 the+ 比较级 the + 比较 30.确信 be certain that/to do 二目标句型：1. How long have you been doing ? 2. Ive been doingsince 3. How long did sb. do? 4. He / She did sth. for5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start? 7. How many do you have? 8. What do you like to collect in the future? 9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby? 三语法现在完成进行时1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing 二 、 作 为 情 态 动 词 ， 可 以 用 来 表 示 有 较 大 可 能 实 现 的 猜 测 、 推 论 ， 表 示 “ 可 能 ， 该(=will probably) ”The headmaster should arrive soon. 校长可能很快就到了。They should be home by now ，I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。三、表示 “ 竟然 ”It s strange that he should be late.真奇怪，他竟然迟到了。四、用在第一人称时，表示征求对方意见Should I help you with the dinner ？要不要我帮你做晚饭？五、用于表示某种感情色彩，常用于why，how 引起的特殊疑问句或that 从句中，表示意外、惊喜、不能理解等意思。Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么这么晚？How should I know? 我怎么知道？用 should 或 shouldn t填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didn t invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页知识点大全一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语 +been+doing? 现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live ，learn ，study ，work 等。(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。(2)She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。在这几个句子中，have 和 has 是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或 has 后面加 not ，have not和 has not可以分别缩写成havent 和 hasnt ，如： (1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？(3)I haven t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。 I have read a book about birds. （已经读完） I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）(2) 两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。 She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。 （抱怨、厌烦）四. 【重点词汇】1. since的用法： (1)conj ( 引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时) 自从以来；以后It was years since l had seen her自从我见到她( 到那时 )又过去好几年了。his just a week since we arrived here我们到这儿刚好有一周了。( 引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首) 既然；因为Since he says so，it must be true既然他这么说，那一定是真的。(2)prep 自以来 I have lived here since childhood 自小我就住在这儿。 He hasnt been home sincel9931993 年以来他还没有回过家。(3)adv ( 与完成时态连用) 从那以后；后来以前He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since他 1985 年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。(4) 构成短语 ：ever since 从那以后 ( 一直 ) long since 很久以前；早已2. since，from 和 for (1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from 短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如： The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上8 点到 10 点上映。 They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页知识点大全Many things have happened since they came here 自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。 The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间， 谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for 与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。I studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。Ive known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候? 3. favorite 作名词 ，指“最爱的物品” ，favorite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。 My favorite food is dumpling我最喜欢的食物是饺子。4. stop表示“停止，结束，阻止”The light turned redI have to