初中英语形容词和副词PPT课件.ppt

明确这两种词的基本意义以及在语句中的功能和明确这两种词的基本意义以及在语句中的功能和位置，位置， 如形容词具有修饰和限定作用，一般用来如形容词具有修饰和限定作用，一般用来修饰名词，在语句中可用作定语和表语；修饰名词，在语句中可用作定语和表语； 副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子，一般位于动词之后、形容词之前或者句子之句子，一般位于动词之后、形容词之前或者句子之首。首。 形容词形容词是是修饰名词或代词，说明事修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征物或人的性质或特征的词的词。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.形容词在句中作形容词在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语补宾语补足语足语等成分等成分eg: 1.He is a good student.2. She is a beautiful girl.3. I have a clever pet dog.1.)单单个个形容词形容词修饰名词或代词时顺修饰名词或代词时顺序序直接放名词或代词前面直接放名词或代词前面2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序 有时，一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语，这时，它有时，一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致遵循以下切程度而定。在通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则：原则： 限定词（冠词等）限定词（冠词等）-数量词数量词-描绘形容词描绘形容词大小大小(长短高长短高低低)形状形状年龄年龄(新旧新旧)颜色颜色国籍国籍材料材料用途用途(类类别别)名词名词Eg: I bought a nice(好看的好看的) small(小小的小小的) round(圆形的圆形的) new(新的新的) yellow(黄色的黄色的) French (法国产的法国产的) oak(橡木橡木做的做的) writing desk(写字台写字台). 但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情况是常有的，况且以但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情况是常有的，况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考：上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考：1. 总体描述在前，具体描述在后；总体描述在前，具体描述在后；2. 主观描述在前，客观描述在后；主观描述在前，客观描述在后；3. 普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；4. 音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后；音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后；5. 与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用调全部范围时，可用and / or连起来连起来(如：如：old and young, long or short, male and female)放在名词或代词的后放在名词或代词的后面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。Visitors, old and young,were delighted. 不管老少，不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。所有的参观者都很高兴。Eg:an old Chinese stone bridge一座古老的中国石桥一座古老的中国石桥some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花一些美丽的小红花 一个年轻貌美的中国姑娘 一座白色的小石桥。例题：例题：1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little other C.two other little D.little other two2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案点拨：答案点拨：C 由由限定词限定词-数词数词-描绘词描绘词-(大小，长大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质性质-名词名词的公式可知数的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。符合答案。答案点拨答案点拨A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：序是：年龄，形状，大小年龄，形状，大小+颜色颜色+来源来源+质地质地+用途用途+国家国家+名词。名词。3）.The house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.A. Little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little5）. Students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten ChineseAA当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由something/somebody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody, everything/everybody等不定代词时等不定代词时,形容形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g.1.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?2. I have something important to tell you.3.)修饰不定代词时常后置修饰不定代词时常后置 “不形不形”例题：1. Sam is hungry, hed like to eat _delicious.A. some B. any C. something D. somewhere 2. Dont worry. There is _ about your illness.A.serious something B. anything serious C. nothing serious D. some thing3.There is _ in todays newspaper. Its boring. A. something new B. interesting new C. nothing new D. new nothing 4. -Who can help us? -_. well do it ourselvesA. Everyone else B. Else everyone C. Nobody else D. Else nobodyCCCCThe trees turn green in spring.We are alone on the island.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词alone afraid awake asleep alive able 所谓所谓表语形容词表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：1.某些以某些以a-开头的形容词：开头的形容词：afraid 害怕的害怕的 alive 活着的活着的 alone 单独的单独的 ashamed 羞愧的羞愧的asleep 睡着的睡着的 awake 醒着的醒着的Dont be afraid. 别怕。别怕。Now the baby is asleep. 现在孩子睡着了。现在孩子睡着了。He was alone in the house. 他独自一人在家里。他独自一人在家里。若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词：若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词：误：误：an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet正：正：a sleeping child, a shy girl, a living poet2.某些表示健康的形容词：某些表示健康的形容词：fine 健康健康的的 ill有病的有病的well身体健康的身体健康的“Hows your wife?” “Shes fine, thank you.” “你妻子好吗你妻子好吗?”“她很好，谢谢。她很好，谢谢。”He was ill and couldnt come. 他病了，所以不他病了，所以不能来。能来。【注】在美国英语中，表示健康状况的【注】在美国英语中，表示健康状况的ill和和well 有时也用作定语。另外，以上词语若不是表示以有时也用作定语。另外，以上词语若不是表示以上意思，则可用作定语：上意思，则可用作定语：fine weather 好天气，好天气，ill news 坏消息坏消息3.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词：某些描述感觉或心情的形容词：glad 高兴的高兴的 pleased 高兴的高兴的 sorry 难过的难过的Im glad to hear that. 听到这消息我很高兴。听到这消息我很高兴。You will be sorry about this later. 对这件事你以后会后悔的。对这件事你以后会后悔的。We are very pleased with the plan. 我们对这个计划很满意。我们对这个计划很满意。【注】若用于其他意思，则可用作定语，如【注】若用于其他意思，则可用作定语，如 glad 表示表示“(感到感到)高兴的高兴的”时，只用作表语；若表示时，只用作表语；若表示“令人高兴令人高兴的的”，则只用作定语，则只用作定语(glad news 好消息好消息)。4.其他表语形容词：其他表语形容词：certain 确信的，一定的确信的，一定的 sure 确信的，一定确信的，一定的的 fond 喜欢的，温柔的喜欢的，温柔的 ready 准备好的，愿准备好的，愿意的意的 unable 不能不能的的Im certain sure he will come. 我确信他会来。我确信他会来。He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。他喜欢音乐。We are ready to do it. 我们已准备好做这事。我们已准备好做这事。【注】若用于其他意义，有的也可用作定语，如【注】若用于其他意义，有的也可用作定语，如 certain表示表示“某某”时，只能用作定语：时，只能用作定语：a certain person 某人。某人。例题：例题：1. She was _ (luck) to lose her money when she went shopping last weekend. 04西宁西宁 2. This kind of skirt looks _ and sells_. 04天津天津A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice 答案点拨：答案点拨：was是系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语，是系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语，luck的形容词形式为的形容词形式为lucky，但我们填上后发现句意不通：，但我们填上后发现句意不通：丢了钱她还能幸运吗？肯定是丢了钱她还能幸运吗？肯定是“不幸不幸”，故应填它的反，故应填它的反义词义词unlucky。答案点拨：此题融合了形容词和副词使用的两个基本知识答案点拨：此题融合了形容词和副词使用的两个基本知识点：系动词后跟形容词作表语，实义动词后要用副词去修点：系动词后跟形容词作表语，实义动词后要用副词去修饰。饰。look为半系动词，后接形容词，为半系动词，后接形容词，sell为实义动词，后接为实义动词，后接副词，而副词，而well作形容词时专指身体状况作形容词时专指身体状况“好好”，nice是形容是形容词，不难得出答案为词，不难得出答案为A。3.What do you think of the story written by Mark Twain? It is _. I like it. 04昆明昆明 A. boring B. bored C. interested D. interesting 答案点拨：既然喜欢，说明它有趣，作表语，故选答案点拨：既然喜欢，说明它有趣，作表语，故选D。英。英语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式：语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式：-ing 和和-ed形式形式，它们的区别就在于，它们的区别就在于: -ing形式一般作表语和定语，修饰物。如：形式一般作表语和定语，修饰物。如：It was an interesting book. The book is interesting.；-ed形式其主语常应该是人，而不是物。如：形式其主语常应该是人，而不是物。如： He became very interested in science. 他开始他开始对科学非常感兴趣。对科学非常感兴趣。 bored boring interested interesting moved moving amazed amazing surprised surprising confused confusing discouraged discouraging excited exciting 4. The apple tastes _ and sells _ . A. well; well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good5. Your answer sounds _ . A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting6. They watched a movie and felt quite _ . A. sad B. sadly C. sadness D. sadyCAA 某些动词如某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词等后接名词或代词作宾语，作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语eg.1. Do you like your tea weak or strong? 你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？ 2.You must keep the classroom clean 你应保持教室清洁。你应保持教室清洁。 3.The boy was beaten black and blue 男孩被打得青一块紫一块。男孩被打得青一块紫一块。 4.He made us happy. 5.Colour it green.形容词和介词搭配 About be careful about 对对.小心小心 be certain about 对对.有把握有把握 be anxious about 对对.刚到忧虑刚到忧虑 be sure about 对对.有把握有把握 be worried about 对对.担忧担忧 be curious about 对对.好奇好奇 At be angry at be good at be expert at 在在.有专长有专长 be experienced at 在在.方面有经方面有经验验 be surprised at 对对.感到惊讶感到惊讶for be famous for因.而著名 be ready for 准备好做. get ready for为.做好准备 be sorry for 对.感到抱歉 be good for 对.有好处 be bad for 对.有坏处 be fit for 适合 be unfit for 不适合 be harmful for 对.有害 但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：如：excellent, wonderful, favorite等。等。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：常见有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, some, any, far等。例如：等。例如：1）My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 我的衬衫比你的便宜。我的衬衫比你的便宜。2）Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is even more difficult. 第第3课很难，但是第课很难，但是第5课更难。课更难。注意：注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常我们常常用用that, those来代替前面的词。来代替前面的词。例如：例如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.Tom is as tall as Mike. as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThere are as many students in our school as yours. 否定否定 not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as “和和 不一样不一样” 或或 not so+形容词原形形容词原形+as “不及不如不及不如 Tom is not as tall as Mike.This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons. so+ 形容词原级形容词原级+that丛句丛句 such+名词名词that丛句丛句He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door . too+原级原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 形容词原级形容词原级+ enough to do sth. 1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词than Tom is taller than John2、Which/Who is + 比较级比较级, A or B ? Which is easier, maths or English?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短：能修饰比较级的副词及短：much(的多的多)、 a lot(的多的多)、even(更更)、still（更（更）、）、a bit/alittle(一点儿一点儿) This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday.4、 is the +比较级比较级 + of the two. Tom is the taller of the two boys. 5、数量数量 + 比较级比较级 than He is three years older than his brother.6、比较级、比较级+ and + 比较级，比较级， “越来越越来越” Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热现在越来越热7、The + 比较级比较级，the + 比较级比较级 “越越，就越，就越” The more , the better. 越多越好。越多越好。 The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖1.one of the+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数2.最高级最高级+of (in)(三者及以上范围的三者及以上范围的)3.This is/ was the最高级最高级+名词名词+that定语定语从句从句Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. This is the worst film that I have seen these years. Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best. 5.、the + 序数词序数词 + 最高级最高级 + 名词名词 + in/ofThe Yellow River is the second longest river in China4、Which/Who is the + 最高最高级级,A ,B or C ? Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?注意：注意：最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如：例如：Which is the first most useful invention? 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。例如：例如：Yesterday was my busiest day. 昨天是昨天是我最忙碌的一天。我最忙碌的一天。中考英语专项复习形容词和副词副词副词用来修饰动词、形容词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。名词词组及句子的词。e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, 等等等等.副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种：为以下几种：1、时间和频度副词时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, early, today, already, soon, ago, yesterday等等.2、地点副词地点副词：here, there, everywhere, out, in, home, upstairs, above, below, inside等等.3、方式副词方式副词：carefully, politely, fast, well, extremely, anxiously等等.中考英语专项复习形容词和副词4、程度副词程度副词：much, little, very, rather, too, rather, almost, so等等.5、疑问副词疑问副词：how, where, when, why（放在特殊疑问句前）（放在特殊疑问句前）6、关系副词关系副词：when, where, why（通常（通常引导宾语从句）引导宾语从句）7、连接副词连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether（通常引导定语从句）（通常引导定语从句）中考英语专项复习形容词和副词五、副词的比较等级构成和用法五、副词的比较等级构成和用法1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：原级；比较级；最高级。单音节词和少数双音节词构 成 方 法原 级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e结尾的副词，加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的副词，先把y变为i，再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest中考英语专项复习形容词和副词2）不规则变化）不规则变化原 级比 较 级最 高 级wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther较远(表示距离)further较远，进一步(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest中考英语专项复习形容词和副词 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g. 形容记的最高级前要用定冠词形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.fast-faster-fastestslowly- more slowly most slowly注意：注意：1、副词副词very可以修可以修 饰形容词、副词，饰形容词、副词，但不能修但不能修 饰动词饰动词。例如：例如： This flower is very beautiful. I like English very much. (但不能说：但不能说：I very like English.)2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以后都可以。例如：例如：He is strong enough to lift the heavy box. The man has got enough money (or: money enough) to buy a car. 注意：注意：3、频度副词的比例表：频度副词的比例表：always100%, usually80%, often70%60%, sometimes, at times30%40%, seldom, hardly ever5%, never0%中考英语专项复习形容词和副词2、such和和so的区分的区分1）such是形容词，常修饰名词。它有如下是形容词，常修饰名词。它有如下结构：结构：such + a/an +形容词+ n.(可数名词单数)，如：如：Its such a beautiful flower.You have told us such an interesting story.such +形容词+ n.(可数名词复数)，如：如：You have made such foolish mistakes.such +形容词形容词+ n.(不可数名词不可数名词)，如：如： Im very glad that I can get such good advice from you.中考英语专项复习形容词和副词2、such和和so的区分的区分2）so是副词，表示程度，修饰形容词或副是副词，表示程度，修饰形容词或副词。它有如下结构：词。它有如下结构：so + 形容词形容词/副词副词，如：如：This question is so difficult that I cant answer it.so + 形容词形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数，可数名词单数，如：如：This is so difficult a question that all of us cannot answer it.另外在另外在many, much, few, little +名词的名词的前面，只能用前面，只能用so,不能用不能用such。例如：例如： There is so little milk in the refrigerator that I have to buy some.中考英语专项复习形容词和副词Such .as ,such .that Such .as 引导定语从句 such .that 引导结果从句 She is such a good teacher that we all like her. She is such a good teacher as we all like.【例【例1】 Which is_ season in Beijing? I think its autumn. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 典型例题解析典型例题解析【例【例2】 It is_today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A.the hottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotterDD 【例【例3】 Jim is running_Bruce. Theyre neck and neck, 黑龙江黑龙江 A.faster than B.as fast as C.as faster as D.more slowly than B 典型例题解析典型例题解析【例【例4】 Her mother was out. She stayed at home_,but she didnt feel _. A.alone,lonely B.lonely alone C.alone,lonely D.lonely,alone 【例【例5】 Is the physics problem_? Yes,I can work it out _. A.easy,easily B.easy,easy C.easily,easy D.easily,easily A A .根据句意填空。根据句意填空。1.Which film is_this one or that one?(interesting)2.I think English is one of _subjects in middle school (important).3.Li Lei doesnt study so_ as his sister.(care)4.Ann is a little_ than Joan,but she is much_ .(young,tall)5.The Changjiang River is very _.Its The third_ river in the world. (long) 课时训练课时训练more interestingthe most important carefully younger taller long longest .单项选择单项选择1.What a _cough! You seem_ill. A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.The car is running_.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fastC.fast and fast D.faster and faster3. I feel even_ now. A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst 课时训练课时训练ADC4.She was very happy.She ran_of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickest C.slowest D.quickly5.Keep quiet,please.Its_ noisy here. A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much6.Have you_spoken to a foreigner?No,_.A.already,never B.ever,neverC.yet,already D.ever,ever7.He is taller than_in his class.A.any boy B.any boys C.any other boy D.some other boyACBC8.Ill go and visit you_next week. A.sometime B.some times C.some time D.some time9.-What was the weather like yesterday? -It was very bad.It rained_ people could_go out. A.hard,hard B.hardly，hard C.hardly,hardly D.hard，hardly10.English is as_as Chinese.You should learn it well. A.important B.more important C.the most important D.much more important CDA11.Music is not so useful as science.Its_useful than science. A.fewer B.less C.more D.a lot12.He looks_. A.good B.well C.happily D.worriedly13.Weve never heard of _story before. A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange14.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes_ A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety15.Would you please speak_?I still cant follow you. A.slow B.much slow C.much slowly D.more slowly 课时训练课时训练BBABD 1.-Is chemistry more difficult than physcis? -No,chemistry isnt as _ as Physcis.A.easy B.difficult C.easier D.more difficult2.In this part of the country, water is_ oil.A.so dear as B.as dear as C.dear as D.so dear3. The bread is _ than these cakes. A.very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as deliciousCBB二二.单选题单选题4. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August . A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotterD10.The Yellow River is the second _(long)river in China.11.Zhao Lei is one of _ _ (young) boys in his school.12.Which is _ _ (big),the sun, the earth or the moon ?longestthe youngestthe biggest四四.用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空.13.Mary has three brothers.Smith is_ _(tall) of the thr