2022年高中英语语法之主谓一致 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载高中语法之主谓一致概论： 谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则： 语法一致、 意义一致和就近原则。近几年来， 高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、语法一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。考点：1. 谓语动词用单数的情况 2. 谓语动词用复数的情况 3. 谓语动词单复数视情况而定4. “名词 (或代词 )介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致5. “名词 (或代词 ) of 名词”作主语时的主谓一致6. 定语从句中的主谓一致7. 就近原则 &就前原则一、语法一致 ：主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。The number of errors was surprising. Welove our motherland . 1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm. To nod one s head means agreement. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is true. 【注意】 由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books. What he wants is some water. a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语； a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数 / 复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine. The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon. 2.“单数名词 + and + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends. The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news. 【注意】如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数： a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载 a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语 The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people. The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people. 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式: Every man, woman, and child needs love. Each boy and girl was given a book. Every minute and every second is precious. 有些用and 连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knife and fork 刀叉 needle and thread 针线bread and butter 面包和黄油 fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条the stars and stripes 星条旗Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England. The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A. 3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式: The factory with all its equipment has been burnt. The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight. The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident. 4.each; each + 单数可数名词；each of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Each arrives on time. Each of the building is painted a different color. 5.由 any, some, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分 ，谓语用单数：Everybody is doing his best. There is nothing you can do to help. 6.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：He who laughs last laughs best. 试比较： He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式, 这些词有 army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：The graduating class is in the laboratory. The class were all cheerful. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win. The team were talking over some new plans. 【注意】 people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数: The police are looking for the lost child. 8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致: Such is the result. Such are the facts. 【练一练】1.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”. A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand 2.Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, _ to France? -Really? No wonder I havent seen him these days. A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone 3.There _ a pair of trousers on the bed. A. are B. is C. has D. have 4._ and _ are going abroad next Thursday? Which of the following is wrong? A. The father; son B. The singer; dancer C.A singer; a dancer D. He; I 5.A _ and _ has been bought for you. Which of the following is wrong? A. gold watch; chain B. knife; fork C. desk; but D. pen; pencil 6.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. has 7.Every student and every teacher _. A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 8.The New York Times _ all over the United States. A. is read B. is reading C. are read D. are reading 9.There _ to be something wrong with his sister, _? A. seem; isnt it B. seems; doesnt there C. seem; isnt there D. seems; doesnt it 10. I think Tom, _ you, _ to blame. A. rather than; is B. rather than; are C. more than; are D. less than; is 11. The speakers at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person_ almost infinite. A. be B. are C. is D. are 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载12. “If anybody _, please put down _ name,” said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book; his B. want to buy the book; their C. will buy the book; ones D. wants to have the book bought; her 13. My family _ large and my family _ reading. A. is; enjoy B. is; enjoys C. are; enjoy D. are; enjoys 14. The customs and culture of America _ very much like _ of England. A. is; that B. are; those C. have been; the ones D. has been; the one 15. Only one of the students who _ present _ to speak at the meeting. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 二. 逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。 ）1.what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Which is you favorite subject? Which are your favorite subjects? All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is too much to pay for the shirt. 3.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City. The Thames has a large population. 4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics，以及 news，works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：World economics has a direct effect on world peace. Physics was her major. 5.“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. The good are well rewarded, and the bad punished. 6.the population of “的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数/ 百分数 /half of/the rest ofthe population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，如： The population of China is large and about eighty percent of the population are farmers. 【练一练】16. _ is _. Which is wrong? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. Two days; a long vacation for the students B. One and a half dollars; not enough. C. The New York Times; published daily C. 800 miles; long distance 17. The rich _ not always happy. A. is B. are C. has D. have 18. What she left me _ a few old books. A. is B. are C. has D. have 19. Ten minutes _ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A. is B. are C. seems D. seem 20. The Philippines _ of more than 7,000 islands. A. consists B. consist C. make up D. makes up 三. 就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由or; eitheror; neither nor; whetheror; not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：George or I am wrong. Either John or his friends are to blame for the bad results. Neither my brother nor I am going to the summer camp. Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to the party. 2.there be句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同 ) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty girls and only one boy in our class. 【练一练】21. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 22. Either the teachers or the president _ the meeting. A. attends B. attend C. are attending D. have attended 23. The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview. A. is B. are C. were D. have 24. Neither of your suggestions _ sense. A. makes B. make C. is made D. are made 25. There _ 20 dollars and two cards in my purse. A. are B. is C. have D. has 四. 表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式1.“many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition. 2.表示鸟兽鱼群的词, 如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish等作主语，谓语用单数：A flock of birds is circling overhead. 3.a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the percentage of, 分数词 + of, a quantity of, quantities of 作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifths of the money is mine. Two-fifths of the students in the class are from English-speaking countries. There was quantities of rain this fall. 4.a great deal of, an amount of, a little of, much of等与不可数名词连用时，谓语用单数：Much of the furniture is uncomfortable. There is a limited amount of oil in the world. 5.a good many, a great many, a number of 与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：There were a great many people in the park. A number of students were absent. 【注意】“the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语”，表示“的数目”： The number of days in a week is seven. Homework: 1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 2. The rich_ not always happy. .A. is B. are C. has D. have 3. This special strain of rice _ one-third more of the crop in the same field. A. makes possible to produce B. makes it possible to produce C. make possible producing D. make it possible producing 4.The New York Times _ all over the United States. A. is read B. is reading C. are read D. are reading 5. Tom as well as two of his friends _ to the concert last night A. has been invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. was invited 6. Mike, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers whoto visit the museumasked to be at the school gate before 6:30 inthe morning. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 7. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and paintings tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. It is I _ my parents who_ to blame for the accident. A. other than; are B. rather than; am C. more than; are D. than; is 9.In our school, many a boy _ playing football and more girls than one _ playing it. A. likes; likes B. like; like C. like; likes D. likes; like 10. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be 11. What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 12.As you can see，the price of pork，eggs and grain rising _ these days. A. are keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 13. Three students in ten will go and _ to stay in the classroom. A. the rest are B. the rest is C. the other are D. the other is 14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. E-mail, as well as telephones, _an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D play 16. No freshman and no graduate _ to sit in on the forum. A. are allowed B. is allowed C. are agreed D. is agreed 17. On each side of the street _a lot of trees. A. stands B. stand C. is standing D. are grown 18. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 19. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai_ netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent _online. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 20.The Philippines _ of more than 7,000 islands. A. consists B. consist C. make up D. makes up 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1-5. ABBAD 6-10. BABDB 11-15. BCADA 16-20. BBCBA 高中语法之宾语补足语宾语补足语是用于补充说明宾语的成分。宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。一、常见的能接宾语补足语的词语1. 使役动词（1） 使役动词make make用作使役动词表示“使”时，可跟复合结构，即“make +宾语 +宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to 的不定式、过去分词。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。He couldn t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己让别人听到。What makes the grass grow? 什么使得草生长？ 动词不定式作make 的宾语补足语时要用省略to 的形式，但如果用在被动语态中，to 一定不能省略。She was made to work twelve hours a day. 她被迫每天工作十二个小时。（2） 使役动词have have 表示“使得 , ”，其后接宾语补足语，常用于以下结构： have sb. do sth. 使/ 让某人做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使/ 让某人一直做某事 have sth. done 使/ 让某事被做；遭遇某种不幸The teacher had the little boy write on the blackboard. 老师让这个小男孩在黑板上写。dont have the lights burning all the night. 不要让灯整夜亮着。He had the bike repaired yesterday.昨天他让人修了自行车。He had his leg broken in the match. 在比赛中他摔断了腿。（3） 使役动词 leave leave 用作使役动词，表示“使/ 让.保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、名词、介词短语、分词作宾语补足语。 He left the door open when he went out. 他出去时，没有关门。 They walked off and left me sitting 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载there alone. 他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。（4） 使役动词 keep keep 用作使役动词，表示“使/ 让.保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、现在分词作宾语补足语。 Close the door to keep the room warm. 关上门让房间保持暖和。 You ve kept me waiting an hour. 你已经让我等了一个小时！（5） 使役动词 get get 用作使役动词，表示“促使某事发生”或“使得某人做某事”，其后可跟形容词、过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语。 She is getting the kids ready for school. 她正在让孩子们准备好去上学。 We get the milk delivered. 我们让人把牛奶送过去。 Why don t you get Mike to work as the manager? 你为什么不让迈克做经理呢？ get 后出现不定式短语作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to 不能省略。2、感官动词感官动词hear、feel 、listen to、look at、watch 、notice 、observe 、smell 、see 等后要求用省略to 的动词不定式、现在分词及过去分词作宾语补足语。用省略to 的动词不定式，强调动作从开始到结束的全过程；用现在分词，强调一个主动的动作正在进行；用过去分词，强调动作是被动或完成的动作。 Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off. 汤姆看见他的父母上了车走了。 He was seen to drive the car at high speed on the highway yesterday. 昨天有人看见他在公路上高速开车。 I saw her crying when I came into the classroom. 我进教室时看见她在哭。3、心理状态和情感类的动词表示心理状态的动词，如think 、believe 、find 、imagine 、suppose 等，以及表示情感的动词，如love 、like 、prefer 、 hate 、want、wish 等后面均可以跟宾语补足语。 I find it hard to get on well with him. 我发现和他相处很难。 We all think it important for us to learn a foreign language. 我们都认为学习一门外语对我们来说是重要的。4、其他动词英语中出了上面所列的动词，另外还有allow 、prove 、advise 、permit等动词后可以跟宾语补足语。I think Id advise him to leave the company. 我想我会建议他离开公司。5、介词 with 介词 with 后可跟宾补构成with复合结构。 With 复合结构在句中可以用作定语或状语，可以在其中充当宾语补足语的有：形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、名词等。 They left the room with lights still on. 他们离开了房间，灯还亮着。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载 He stepped in, with his hands in his pocket. 他双手放在口袋里走了进来。 The old man walked across the street with the policeman supporting him. 老人在警察的搀扶下过了街。（-ing形式表示主动 / 正在进行） With the matter settled, we went home. （-ed 形式表示被动 / 完成）二、能充当宾语补足语的成分1、 名词He nominated Hank ambassador to France. 他任命汉克为驻法大使。 She counted herself a fortunate wife. 她认为自己是位幸运的妻子。 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词作宾语补足语、表语、同位语时，该名词前不加冠词。2、 形容词Have I made myself clear? 我的意思讲清楚了么？3、 动词不定式Permit me to introduce myself.允许我介绍一下自己。Nobody noticed him enter the room. 没有人注意到他进了房间。4、 现在分词I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。 不定式短语与现在分词短语作宾语补足语时的区别：a 不定式短语作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，指事情的