中国各传统节日英文ppt课件.ppt

FESTIVAL CELEBRATIONS IN CHINATASK EIGHTChinas FestivalsA Simulated Course for Tour GuidesTask Lead-in Traditional Festivals of China in ProfileImportant Chinese FestivalsFestivals of Ethnic Minority PeoplesSimulated Practice for tour guides Related MaterialsSum-upTask Lead-inA Simulated Course for Tour GuidesTask 2: What information and expression do you think are needed when you introduce the festival in China ? You can present your questions in Chinese and give a question list1.Task 3: Please discuss what questions the tourists may ask to a tour guide and give a question list2.Task 1: Please introduce what you have seen from video in English as a tour guide. Traditional Chinese FestivalA Simulated Course for Tour GuidesIntroduction of Chinas Festivals in Profile Difficult Words and Expressions Related information Chinese Festival in Profile (1)v As a country with 56 nationalities and a history of well over 5,000 years, China observes a large number of festivals throughout the year. These colorful occasions provide the Chinese people with opportunities to leave wok behind and to rest and enjoy life. One can not have a panoramic view of the Chinese culture without a thorough understanding of traditional Chinese festival.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesSpring FestivalChinese Festival in Profile (2) Over the centuries, various kinds of festival have been established in china. these festivals, usually based in one or more legends, bring gaiety and hope to people. So it is not only children who are eager to celebrate these festival ,adults, too, favor these days and find it difficult to suppress their excitement on these special occasions. Since ancient times the Chinese people have used more than 100 different kinds of calendars, among which the solar calendar and the lunar calendar are the most widely observed. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesChinese Festival in Profile (3) According to the solar calendar, a year is divided into 12 months or 365 days, with every fourth year a leap year of 366 days and the second month of the year (february)29 days. The solar calendar is now in use in almost all countries of the world, including China. After the 1911 revolution, the solar calendar officially replaced the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. The lunar calendar was designed in close connection with agricultural production, so it is also called the farming calendar in China. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesChinese Festival in Profile (4) It has been observed since the Xia Dynasty (21st-16st century B.C.). From the inscriptions on oracle bones we know that the Shang used a lunar calendar, which was combined with the solar year though the additional of an intercalary month once every few years, to make up the difference between a year of 12 lunar months and a solar year. The number of days in a month was fixed as 30 for a long month and 29 for a short one. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesChinese Festival in Profile (5) The intercalary month was at first added at the end of the year as a 13th month , but later inserted in the middle of the year, known as “leap month .” Calendar making has since then gone though many changes and the calculations have become increasingly exact, but the lunar calendar bound to the solar year continued in use for over 3,000 years. Traditional Chinese festivals are by and large based on the lunar calendar. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesChinese Festival in Profile(6) Generally speaking, traditional Chinese festivals can be classified into two categories: festivals of the Han people and festivals observed by ethnic minority peoples. There are five major festivals celebrated by the Han people, namely, the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Clear and Bright Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Aside from the traditional festivals by the Han people , Chinese ethnic minority peoples also have their own unique festivities. such as the Mongolians Nadam Fair , Corban, Dai Peoples Water Splashing Festival, and the Tibetan New Year.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesImportant Chinese Festival A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesIntroduction of the important Chinese festivalsA simulated practice for tour guide Important Chinese Festival（1） 1、The Spring Festival, (Chun Jie) , i.e., the lunar new year ,is commonly regarded as the most important, popular,and vibrant of all traditional Chinese festivals. This grand traditional festival falls in the period between the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This period is an agricultural off-season; therefore people have more time to conduct various kinds of celebrations. To distinguish the New Year according to the solar calendar from that according to the lunar calendar, people started calling the latter the Spring Festival , because it always falls sometime before or after lichun (Beginning of Spring）。A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesImportant Chinese Festival （2） Similar to Christmas in Western countries, the Spring Festival is the most celebrated holiday in China. Almost all factories and companies nationwide allow at least a weeks holiday. During the Spring Festival, the Chinese people observe many colorful customs. Before the eve of the Spring Festival, every family member tries to get back home from every corner of the country to have a sumptuous family reunion dinner. The dinner contains an assortment of savory food, but for most families in North China jiaozi is the main course. As a traditional Chinese food, jiaozi is enjoyed by the rich and the poor alike. Today, this well-loved food is as closely associated with the Spring Festival as turkey is with the Thanksgiving in the U.S. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesImportant Chinese Festival （3）2、The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. It is celebrated with round dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and filled with a variety of sweet fillings, known as yuanxiao (the night of the first full moon), which is also another name for the festival.3、The Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Jie) falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. This festival was established in commemoration of Qu Yuan, a great poet of the third century B.C. For thousands of years , the Dragon Boat Festival has been marked by eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesImportant Chinese Festival (4)4、The Clear and Bright Festival is the day for mourning the dead. It falls in early April every year. It corresponds with the onset of warmer weather ,the start of spring plowing, and of family outings.5、Also known as the “Moon Festival,” the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month when the moon is supposed to be brighter and fuller than at any other time of the year. In China, the full moon has always represented “tuanyuan” (union), i.e., the gathering of family members. Thus ,it is a time for family reunion. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesDifficult Words and Expressions (1)A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesText in hereacrobatic performance 杂技表演agricultural off-season 农闲季节an assortment of 各种各样的antiquity n. 古代；古人；古代的风俗ardent adj. 热情的；炙热的canoe n. 狭窄的轻舟；独木舟cassia wine 桂花酒conjuring n. 魔术cross talk 相声elixir n. 万灵丹；长生不老药firecrackers 爆竹；鞭炮gaiety n. 愉快；高兴gala n. 盛典；盛大的庆典glutinous rice 糯米grab v. 攫取；抓取homonymous adj. 同义的hunch v. 把（身子）弯成弓状intercalary month 闰月indulge in sth 让自己尽情享受某事物leap year 闰年motif n. （文艺作品的）主题motley adj. 杂乱的；杂色的observe v. 庆祝；过节Difficult Words and Expressions (2)A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesText in hereoracle bones 占卜用的兽骨ordeal n. 磨难；苦难的经历panoramic adj. 全景或全貌的pastry n. 点心；面粉糕饼radiant adj. 光芒四射的；光辉灿烂的reunion dinner 团圆饭riddle n. 谜语savor v. 品尝savory adj. 美味的；可口的；有趣的sumptuous adj. 豪华的；奢侈的the rank and file 士兵；普通成员thwart v. 反对；阻扰vibrant adj. 振动的；战栗的；活跃的 Related informationA Simulated Course for Tour Guides1.the solar calendar -阳历。历法的一种，即太阳历的简称。阳历 于1582年由罗马教皇格列高里十三世命人修订而成。2.the lunar calendar-阴历。历法的一种，即太阴历的简称。3lichun (Beginning of Spring)-立春。二十四节气之一，每年阳历2月4日前后开始。我国习惯将其作为春季开始的节气。4.New Years picture-年画5.Spring Couplets-春联6.Qu Yuan -屈原。我国最早的大诗人，战国时期楚国人。他学识渊博，主张彰明法度、举贤授能、东联齐国、西抗强秦。顷襄王时被放逐，对黑暗现实日益不满。后因楚政治日益腐败，他既无力挽救楚国的危亡，又深感政治理想无法实现，遂投汨罗江而死。Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(1)1、The Mongolians Nadam Fair is a traditional festival celebrated in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the seventh lunar mouth. “Nadam” is the Mongolian word for “recreation” or “game”. It was first held by the Mongolians in the Han Dynasty . The Mongolians are a people fond of sports activities. The three main kinds are: horse racing, wrestling, and archery (regarded by the local people as mens three events), which are also the main activities in the fair.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesFestivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(2) Nadam is also a commodity fair. The Mongolians, wearing their holiday best, come to attend the fair from all over Inner Mongolia. Herdsmen and merchants flood into the fair to sell their products. Various kinds of commodities including fur-lined jackets, robes, leather boots and gold or silver ornaments are seen here and there. The whole fair is filled with a lively festival atmosphere.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesFestivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(3)2、Corban, a festival celebrated by Chinas Muslims, falls on the tenth day of December in the Islamic calendar. “Corban” is an Arabic word for “sacrifice” or “dedication.” the Chinese version for this word is Zaisheng Jie, that is ,the day to slaughter animals as an offering. On the eve of the festival, families clean their houses thoroughly and get busy preparing various kinds of food. On the day ,Muslims bathe, pray, watch the ceremony for sacrificing animals, visit and greet their friends and relatives. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesFestivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(4) Based on different customs, some ethnic minority peoples have their own distinctive way of celebrating Corban. The Kazaks, for example, celebrate the festival with such horse riding activities as the“ Sheep Snatching Contest ” and the “Girl Chasing Game”. These exciting festival activities have been known to put Muslims into a sea of merriment.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesFestivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(5)3、Dai Peoples Water Splashing Festival, as the most important festival of the Dai people in China, falls on a day in June or July in the Dai calendar . During the festival, the door of every home is decorated with multicolored paper-cuts. All the villagers dress in their holiday best. Sheep and cows are slaughtered for feasting, plus delicious glutinous rice cakes ,rice noodles, and rice wine. The occasion is marked by a variety of entrainment, including singing and dancing ,fireworks-displaying, boat-racing and exhibiting air-borne lanterns. But the most popular event is still water slashing. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesFestivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(6) 4、The Tibetan people long age developed their own astronomical calendar according to the distinctive features of the highland. The Tibetan calendar, which was officially adopted in1027,is a combination of the solar and lunar calendar. According to this calendar , a year is divided into 12 months. People in different parts of Tibet do not celebrate the new year on the same day: in Lhasa, for example, the Tibetan New Year falls on the first day of the first month in the Tibetan calendar; in the places south of the Nyanqu rivers it falls on the fist day of the twelfth month; in Qamdo, it is the first day of the eleventh month.A Simulated Course for Tour Guides Simulated Practice for tour guides A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesOral Practice No. 1Presentation No. 3 Interpretation No. 2A simulated practice for tour guideA Simulated Course for Tour GuidesDescription of the contents Answer the following questions. Try to say as much as you can.(1) What are the major festivals celebrated by Han people in China?(2) When is the Spring Festival? What do people do during the Spring Festival? (3) How is zongzi made?(4) Do you know any story about Qu Yuan? What is he famous for?(5) What are the major activities on the Mid-Autumn Festival?(6) Do Tibetan people celebrate their New Year on the same day? Why or Why not? (7) How do Tibetans pray for good harvests?(8) What are the major activities for the Tibetans New Year?Oral practice1A simulated practice for tour guideA Simulated Course for Tour GuidesQuestion List 1（present by students)Oral practice(2): Please simulate the guide of the Chinas festival to each other and answer the questions you present in the part of Task Lead-inQuestion List 2（present by students)Interpretation Translate the following into Chinese .1 1、那达慕大会是蒙古族传统的盛大节、那达慕大会是蒙古族传统的盛大节日，每年七八月在牲畜肥壮的季节日，每年七八月在牲畜肥壮的季节举行。会上主要有摔跤、赛马、射举行。会上主要有摔跤、赛马、射箭、拔河、歌舞表演及物资交流等箭、拔河、歌舞表演及物资交流等活动。活动。2 2、宰牲节是回族的重大节日。每年回、宰牲节是回族的重大节日。每年回历太阴年历太阴年12 12月月10 10日举行。人们在这一日举行。人们在这一天都要宰杀一定数量的牲畜，分送天都要宰杀一定数量的牲畜，分送给周围的人，以表达对珍珠的真诚给周围的人，以表达对珍珠的真诚信仰。信仰。3 3、火把节流行于云南、四川部分地区，、火把节流行于云南、四川部分地区，是彝族、白族的盛大节日。一般在是彝族、白族的盛大节日。一般在农历农历6 6月月2424日至日至2626日晚上举行。男女日晚上举行。男女青年身着盛装，披着挂毯，白天饮青年身着盛装，披着挂毯，白天饮酒请客，举行摔跤、斗牛、射箭、酒请客，举行摔跤、斗牛、射箭、赛马等活动。夜晚齐集村头、寨边赛马等活动。夜晚齐集村头、寨边或广场举行篝火晚会，燃起千百只或广场举行篝火晚会，燃起千百只火把，在田间树丛游行，以驱虫除火把，在田间树丛游行，以驱虫除害辟邪，祈求幸福健康快乐。害辟邪，祈求幸福健康快乐。vAnswers:A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesPresentation Choose one of the festivals as a topic to make a presentation in five, ten or fifteen minutes in front of the class. The teacher and other students will make comments on whether you get across the main ideas within the time limits and suggest how the presentation can be improved.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesRelated Materials (1) The ChongYang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, so it is also known as the double ninth festival. The festival is hold in the golden season of autumn, at harvest-time. The bright clear weather and the joy of bringing in the harvest make for a festive happy atmosphere. it is usually perfect for outdoor activities. Many people go hiking and climbing in the country, enjoying mother natures final burst of color before she puts on her dull winter cloak. Some will carry a spray of dogwood. A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesRelated Materials (2) Since nine is the highest odd digit, people take two of them together to signify longevity. Therefore, the ninth day of the ninth month has become a special day for people to pay their respects to the elderly and a day for the elderly to enjoy themselves. It has also been declared China day for the elderly.A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesRelated Materials (3)A Simulated Course for Tour GuidesThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.http: Related websites about Chinas traditional festivals http:/http:/ Simulated Course for Tour GuidesHometowns FestivalChinas Festivals in ProfileImportant Chinese FestivalsChinas FestivalsFestivals of Ethnic Minority PeoplesUseful Words and ExpressionsIn