科技英语写作中典型错误分析ppt课件.ppt

科技英语写作中典型错误分析专业外语例1【汉语原句】 这种新方法具有效率高、容易调整的优点。【错误翻译】This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment.【错误翻译】This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment.【正确翻译】This new method has the advantages of high efficiency and easy adjustment.【错误分析】 (1)不用this kind of new method， 汉语中的“种”如果在英语中表示只有一种东西时，不能或不必译出来，如“一种算法”，“一种方法”，“一种元素”；(2)havehas；(3)优点有两个，所以advantages advantage；(4)优点只有两个，所以之间的连接用and而不用“，”，更不能用“、”。【正确翻译】This new method has the advantages of high efficiency and easy adjustment.【错误翻译】This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment.例2【汉语原句】本文首先讨论了这种信号的特点，然后讨论了它的产生。【错误翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then its generation is described.【错误翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then its generation is described.【正确翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then describes its generation.【错误分析】语法上，本句没错误。但由于这是一个并列复合句，一般来说两个并列句中的语态（有时时态）应该一致。所以做如下修改。【正确翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then describes its generation.推荐翻译：This paper begins with the discussion on the features of the signal, followed by the description of its generation.【错误翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then its generation is described.例3【汉语原句】这台设备的特点是操作简便，价格低廉。【错误翻译】The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.【错误翻译】The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.【正确翻译】The features of this device are easy operation and low price.或 The device features easy operation and low price.【错误分析】本句主语是features，所以其表语不能用easy in operation and low in price,而只能用名词短语,这叫做“主表对等”。如果主语是具体的东西，我们就可以说This device is good in quality。【正确翻译】The features of this device are easy operation and low price.或 The device features easy operation and low price.推荐翻译：This device is characterized by (its) easy operation and low price.【错误翻译】The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.例4【汉语原句】强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化的正弦规律。【错误翻译】The sine law of the variance of the light intensity brought due to the variance of the cylinder diameter has been pointed out emphatically.【错误翻译】The sine law of the variance of the light intensity brought due to the variance of the cylinder diameter has been pointed out emphatically.【正确翻译】 The sine law of the variation of the light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.【错误分析】不妥有三处。(1)科技文中“变化”常用“variation”或“change”，而很少用“variance”；(2)A随着B变化应用固定搭配，“the variation of A with B”；(3)point out emphatically 虽然表达没有错，但是常用emphasize。【正确翻译】 The sine law of the variation of the light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.【错误翻译】The sine law of the variance of the light intensity brought due to the variance of the cylinder diameter has been pointed out emphatically.例5【汉语原句】我们的方法与以前讨论同一问题的文章中所述的不同。【错误翻译】Our method is different from previous articles discussed the same problem.【错误翻译】Our method is different from previous articles discussed the same problem.【正确翻译】 Our method is different from those presented (described) in the paper available (published before) on (discussing) the same problem.【错误分析】错误有两处。(1)比较对象不一致，主语是“方法”，而from后是“文章”；(2)discuss为及物动词，之后的the same problem是宾语，所以应该用现在分词，而不是过去分词。另外“以前的文章”用previous articles不好，因为previous多指同一本书或同篇论文里表示的“前面的”；科技论文多用“paper”。【正确翻译】 Our method is different from those presented (described) in the paper available (published before) on (discussing) the same problem.【错误翻译】Our method is different from previous articles discussed the same problem.例6【汉语原句】只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。【错误翻译】Only through studied the performance of the system, its advantages can be understood.【错误翻译】Only through studied the performance of the system, its advantages can be understood.【正确翻译】 Only through the study of the performance of the system, can we understand (appreciate) its advantages.【错误分析】错误有三处。(1)through是介词，所以其后不能接过去分词分词studied，科技文献常用“through+名词+of+”或“by +动名词+”表示“通过” ；(2)以“only+状语”开头，所以后面要发生部分倒装，can应该提前；(3)由于“研究”的主语是人，所以本句应该使用主动语态。【正确翻译】 Only through the study of the performance of the system, can we understand (appreciate) its advantages.【错误翻译】Only through studied the performance of the system, its advantages can be understood.例7【汉语原句】若自偏电路设计不当，LC振荡器会出现间歇振荡。【错误翻译】If the self-bias circuit does not design good, the LC oscillator will take place chopping oscillations.【错误翻译】If the self-bias circuit does not design good, the LC oscillator will take place chopping oscillations.【正确翻译】 If the self-bias circuit is not designed well (properly), chopping oscillations will take place in the LC oscillator.【错误分析】这是典型的“中文式翻译”。在if引导的条件状语从句中，电路自己不会设计，所以要用被动语态；“设计”在句中为动词，所以修饰它的该是副词well而不能用good；主句中，take place这个短语动词是不及物的，所以不能有宾语。【正确翻译】 If the self-bias circuit is not designed well (properly), chopping oscillations will take place in the LC oscillator.【错误翻译】If the self-bias circuit does not design good, the LC oscillator will take place chopping oscillations.例8【汉语原句】本文对提高打印速度和印字质量提供了一种机辅设计手段。【错误翻译】This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the printing quality.【错误翻译】This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the printing quality.【正确翻译】 This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.【错误分析】三个错误：(1)通常在使用“本文讨论了”这种句型时，不用过去时而用一般现在时，所以provided不合适，最好用presents；(2)“一直机辅设计手段”就是CAD method；(3)progressing用词不对，因为progress做动词是不及物动词，提供速度要用increase，提供质量要用improve。【正确翻译】 This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.【错误翻译】This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the printing quality.例9【汉语原句】同时给出了三轴稳定跟踪器的数学描述及全补偿条件。【错误翻译】The mathematical description and the full-compensation conditions of the 3-axes steady-tracking principle are also given. 【错误翻译】The mathematical description and the full-compensation conditions of the 3-axes steady-tracking principle are also given.【正确翻译】 The mathematical description of and the full-compensation conditions for the 3-axis steady-tracking principle are also given .【错误分析】两个错误：(1) description 和condition 后面所需跟的介词不同的，description+of +逻辑宾语，condition+for；(2)“数字+名词”作定语时，其中名词必须单数形式，例如“一个6伏电池”，应译为“a 6-vlot battery”。【正确翻译】 The mathematical description of and the full-compensation conditions for the 3-axis steady-tracking principle are also given .【错误翻译】The mathematical description and the full-compensation conditions of the 3-axes steady-tracking principle are also given. 例如：必须求出这个电阻上的电压和电流。It is necessary to find out the voltage across and the current through this resistor.例如：这位教授在研究和应用沃氏函数方面起了积极作用。This professor has played an active role in the research on and application of the Walsh functions.例如：这取决于离电台的距离和电台的方向。This depends on the distance from and the direction of the radio station.例如：本文讨论这类规划问题的性质及其全局算法。This paper describes the properties of and a global algorithm for this type of programming problem.例10【汉语原句】文中比较了STM和ATM，表明ATM将是BISDN的基础。【错误翻译】STM and ATM are compared. It shows that ATM should be the ground of BISDN .【错误翻译】STM and ATM are compared. It shows that ATM should be the ground of BISDN .【正确翻译】 A comparison of STM with (and) ATM (或 A comparison between STM and ATM) is made, which shows that ATM will be the basis of BISDN.【错误分析】三处不妥：(1) 译文用了两个句子，显得松散，第二个句子应改为由which引导的非限制性定语从句；(2)should 应改为will为好；(3)科技上“基础”很少用ground，应使用basis或foundation。【正确翻译】 A comparison of STM with (and) ATM (或 A comparison between STM and ATM) is made, which shows that ATM will be the basis of BISDN.精简翻译：A comparison between STM and ATM shows that ATM will be the basis of BISDN .【错误翻译】STM and ATM are compared. It shows that ATM should be the ground of BISDN .例11【汉语原句】对构件的承载能力作了具体的分析。【错误翻译】The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given.【错误翻译】The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given.【正确翻译】 A detailed (concrete) analysis of the ability of the components to carry loads is made.【错误分析】四处错误:(1)“分析”之前应该用不定冠词a；(2)“承载”是“carry loads”而不用 “bear loads”；(3) “作分析”表示为“make an analysis of”， “作研究”表示为“make a study of” ， “作比较”表示为“make a comparison of” ；(4)能力ability之后加of加不定式复合结构做定语，如：能量被定义为物体做功的能力，译为Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work，如：电容存储电荷的能力取决于几个因素，译为：The ability of a capacitor to store charge depends upon several factors。【正确翻译】 A detailed (concrete) analysis of the ability of the components to carry loads is made.【错误翻译】The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given.例12【汉语原句】共有M个多边形，其顶点数均为N。【错误翻译】There are M polygons altogether, whose vertex number is all N.【错误分析】定语从句中有两个错误:(1)vertex number意为顶点的号码，而顶点数应译为the number of vertexes；(2)这里不能使用all来表示“均”的含义，应该使用each来表示。【正确翻译】 There are M polygons altogether, each of which has N vertexes.例13【汉语原句】这是由于在PN结上存在一个电容之故。【错误翻译】This is due to that there exists a capacitance on the PN junction.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)that不能引导介词宾语从句，为了解决这个问题，要用the fact that；(2)介词on用错了，因为电容是在两块电路板间形成的，所以用介词across。【正确翻译】 This is due to the fact that there exists a capacitance across the PN junction.推荐：This is due to the existence of a capacitance across the PN junction.例14【汉语原句】这个方法需要精确的定位，这使得它的实现具有一定的难度。【错误翻译】This method requires accurate location and this makes its realization have a little difficulty.【错误分析】have a little difficulty属于中式英文，建议使用somewhat difficult。另外句中用and显得比较松散，建议使用which引导非限制性定语从句或使用分词短语表示结果状语。【正确翻译】 This method requires accurate location, which makes (thus making) its realization somewhat difficult.例15【汉语原句】对A的识别和对B的确定是使用这一方法的先决条件。【错误翻译】The recognition of A and determining B are the prerequisite for the use of this method.【错误分析】本句的主语有两个，一个用了名词短语，而另一个则用了动名词短语，这就造成了“非平行结构”，应该让两者统一；另外，prerequisite应采用复数形式，所以在它之后加s。【正确翻译】 The recognition of A and the determination of B are the prerequisites for the use of this method.例16【汉语原句】最后提出了实现这种方法应注意的一些问题和解决方法。【错误翻译】At last, we provided some problems that could be noted in implementing this method and solving ways.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)表示“最后”英美人只用finally，at last或in the end均只能表示“最终”的意思，finally表示几项中的最后一项；(2)provided不该用过去时，而最好用present一词来表示；(3)solving ways是中文式英语，解决方法应该用solution来表示；(4)“应注意”最好用deserve to be noted。【正确翻译】 Finally, some problems that deserve to be noted in implementing this method and their solution are presented.例17【汉语原句】由于缺陷的存在，构件的疲劳寿命将大大降低。【错误翻译】Because of the existing of the defect, the fatigue life of the components will decrease very much.【错误分析】三个错误:(1) existing应改为existence，原则是有名词就不要动名词形式；(2)will decrease 应该为被动形式will be decreased, 因为它是外界因素造成的；(3)very much应该为greatly。【正确翻译】 Because of (Due to) the existence of the defect, the fatigue life of the components will be decreased (shortened) greatly.例18【汉语原句】导出了一个计算电荷分布的简单公式，最后举了若干例子。【错误翻译】A simple formula to calculate the charge distribution is derived and some examples are given in the end.【错误分析】两个错误:(1) 在公式、算法、语言等词后的定语多为for短语；(2)in the end必须改为finally。【正确翻译】 A simple formula for calculating the charge distribution is derived and finally some examples are given.例19【汉语原句】并讨论了这一方法与扫描法相比的优点。【错误翻译】As compared with the scanning method, the advantages of this method has discussed also.【错误分析】三个错误:(1) “与相比”会使用固定短语“(as) compared with”,可是在“优点”“缺点”等名词后面应使用固定搭配介词over来表示“与相比”这一概念；(2)本句主语是advantages，所以谓语应该使用have而不是has；(3)“讨论”应该用被动语态。【正确翻译】 The advantages of this method over the scanning method have also been discussed.例20【汉语原句】已知常数K，就能算出C来。【错误翻译】Giving the constant K, C can be calculated.【错误分析】两个错误:(1) 表示“已知”有两种方式，一种是过去分词given ，这表示这条件是被给定的，另一种是现在分词giving ，表示“若知道的话”；(2)本句的主要部分应该使用主动形式，添加主语one或we，因为前面做条件状语的分词短语的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，如果不一致，则称为“垂悬分词dangling participle”或叫“无依着分词结构unattached participial construction”。【正确翻译】 Given (Knowing) the constant K, one (we) can calculate C.例21【汉语原句】这种生成器产生的序列的周期几乎都大于任意给定的值。【错误翻译】Almost all of the periods of sequences generated by such generator are greater than arbitrary given value.【错误分析】三个错误:(1) such后跟可数名词有两种形式，“不定冠词+单数名词”，这里可以用such a generator，另一种用复数名词，这里用such generators；(2)value是可数名词单数，之前必须加不定冠词；(3)“任意”在此修饰“给定的”，所以应该使用副词而不是形容词，把arbitrary改为arbitrarily。【正确翻译】 Almost all the periods of sequences generated by such generators are greater than an arbitrarily given value.例22【汉语原句】这个信号太小了以至于不能使晶体管Q4导通。【错误翻译】This is a too small signal that it cannot make transistor Q4 conduct.【错误分析】两个错误:(1) a的位置不对(详细内容见后)；(2)本句使用了too，所以后面不该使用由that引导的结果状语从句，而应该使用tooto do句型。【正确翻译】 This is too small a signal to make transistor Q4 conduct.不定冠词的特殊位置How(多么)/so(如此)/too(太)/as(如此) ，属asas句型 + 形容词 + a(an) + 可数名词单数 Sensitivity is a measure of how small a signal receiver can pick up and amplify to a level useful for communications. A series solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed. Too low a frequency may actually introduce spurious frequency components.例23【汉语原句】锡的熔点没有铅的高。【错误翻译】Tin does not have a melting point as high as lead does.【错误分析】as high as lead does部分错误，这是中文式英文的典型问题。比较内容不一样，一个是熔点，一个是铅。如果句子改为Tin does not have a melting point as high as that of lead就正确了。但是英美人不这样用，他们习惯把asas句型套在名词a melting point上，这是要注意不定冠词的特殊位置。【正确翻译】 Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead does.例24【汉语原句】该电阻上的电压为零点几伏特。【错误翻译】The voltage on the resistor is zero point several volt .【错误分析】中文式英文。两个错误，(1)表示电压、电容等其后应该使用across而不用on，(2) “零点几”，“零点零几”的表示方法为：a few (several) + tenths (hundredths) + of a (an)+单位。零点几伏，a few (several) tenths of a volt；零点几安培，a few (several) hundredths of an ampere.【正确翻译】 The voltage across the resistor is a few tenths of a volt.例25【汉语原句】这台新设计的仪器质量很好。【错误翻译】This new designed instrument is in good quality .【错误分析】两个错误，(1)“新”修饰“设计”的，由于designed是过去分词作前置定语，相当于形容词，所以new应该改为副词形式newly，(2)表示“质量好”有两种方法，be good in quality或be of good quality，当然也可以用the quality of is good，但不如前两个好.【正确翻译】 This newly designed instrument is good in quality.例26【汉语原句】这台转动的机器将在一二分钟后自动停下来。【错误翻译】This running machine will stop of itself after one minute or two.【错误分析】两个错误，(1) 表示瞬间动作或状态的动作将来时句中要表示“在之后”要用in而不能用after 或 later，(2)表示“一两天”，“一两分钟”等概念有两种表示方式，one or two days 或 a day or two.【正确翻译】 This running machine will stop of itself in one or two minutes (in a minute or two).例27【汉语原句】在这种情况下，输入不会下降，输出也不会下降。【错误翻译】In this case, the input does not fall; the output does not fall, too.【错误分析】错误在于too，它不能用于否定句，应该用either表示。不过在这种情况下，一般使用neither或nor开头的部分倒装省略句型。【正确翻译】 In this case, the input does not fall, neither (nor) does the output.例28【汉语原句】导体的电阻不仅取决于制成导体的材料，而且也取决于导体的尺寸和温度。【错误翻译】The resistance of a conductor not only depends on the material with which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.【错误分析】两个不妥，(1) “由制成”应该是be made of，所以定语从句with which应改为of which，(2)not onlybut also属于等立连词，连接的句子必须是平行的 。【正确翻译】 The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.例29【汉语原句】在10月8日早上又发射了一颗通信卫星。【错误翻译】Another comsat has been launched in the morning of the 8th of October.【错误分析】两个错误，(1) 时态错误，由于本句有明显的过去时状语“10月8日早上”，所以只能用一般过去时，用过去完成时是受了汉语“了”字的影响，(2)我们常用in