高考英语语法填空之词性转换类ppt课件.ppt

语法填空第三讲：语法填空第三讲：有提示词之有提示词之词性转换词性转换 词性转换词性转换是语法填空的必考点。这一考是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到点涉及到: (1) 句子成分划分或句子结构分析；句子成分划分或句子结构分析； (2) 各种词性的语法功能；各种词性的语法功能； (3) 构词法特别是派生法构词法特别是派生法 词性转换词性转换等多个知识点，是综合性较强等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：归纳如下：考点考点1：形容词：形容词副词副词 形容词后形容词后+ly可变成与原来意义相同的副词。可变成与原来意义相同的副词。直接加直接加-lyslow 慢的慢的 slowly 缓慢地缓慢地改改y为为-ilyhappy 高兴的高兴的 happily 高兴地高兴地去去e加加-lytrue 真的真的 truly 真的真的考点解密考点解密后后 缀缀 例例 词词 后后 缀缀 例例 词词 -alindustrial national -an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable -ful careful mouthful -ish childish selfish-ive active creative -y dirty thirsty windy -en golden wooden -ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic -some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike -lyfriendly lovely -lesscareless harmless考点考点2：名词：名词形容词形容词(1)(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：(2)形容词变成名词。如：形容词变成名词。如：后缀后缀例例 词词-nesshappiness 幸福幸福 illness 疾病疾病 -ydifficulty 困难困难 possibility 可能性可能性 -ismsocialism 社会主义社会主义考点考点3：形容词：形容词动词动词(1)形容词可变成动词。如：形容词可变成动词。如：en-enrich丰富丰富 enable 使能够使能够-enwiden加宽加宽 sharpen削尖削尖shorten 缩短缩短 soften 软化软化-izeAmericanize 美国化美国化 civilize 使开化使开化modernize 现代化现代化 nationalize国有化国有化-ysimplify简化简化某些名词后加某些名词后加-y可变成动词，表示可变成动词，表示“使使化化”。如：。如：beautify 美化美化(2)动词变成形容词。如：动词变成形容词。如：-ouscontinuous持续的持续的 various各种各样的各种各样的-able/ibledrinkable可饮用的可饮用的accessible可进入的可进入的-ing/edinteresting令人感兴趣的令人感兴趣的 excited兴奋的兴奋的考点考点4：动词：动词名词名词后缀后缀例例 词词-anceacceptance接受接受 appearance 出现出现-encereference参考参考 existence 存在存在-alrefusal拒绝拒绝 arrival 到达到达-tiondictation听写听写 preparation 准备准备-mentargument 争论争论 judgment 判断判断考点考点5：名词：名词名词名词(人人)后缀后缀例例 词词-erteacher 教师教师 reader 读者读者officer 官员官员 farmer 农夫农夫villager 村民村民 Londoner 伦敦人伦敦人-orconductor 售票员售票员 visitor 游客游客-arbeggar 乞丐乞丐 -essactress 女演员女演员 hostess 女主人女主人-eseChinese 中国人中国人Japanese 日本人日本人-ianmusician 音乐家音乐家 physician内科医生内科医生-istscientist科学家科学家 socialist社会主义者社会主义者考点考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀：不变词性的前缀和后缀前缀前缀含含 义义例例 词词dis-不，否定不，否定dissatisfy使不满意使不满意 dishonest 不诚实不诚实un-不不unable 不能够不能够 unlucky 不幸的不幸的un-相反动作相反动作undress脱衣服脱衣服 unload 卸货卸货in-im-ir-il-不，非不，非inactive 不活跃的不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的不正确的impolite不有礼貌的不有礼貌的 impossible不可能的不可能的irregular 不规则的不规则的 irresponsible不负责任不负责任的的illogical 不合逻辑的不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的非法的non-不，非不，非non-existent不存在的不存在的 non-stop 直达的直达的mis-错误的，坏的错误的，坏的misunderstand 误解误解 misfortune 厄运厄运,不幸不幸前缀前缀含含 义义例例 词词re重复，再重复，再rewrite重写重写 remarry 再婚再婚super-在上面，超级在上面，超级 supermarket 超市超市 supermodel 超级名模超级名模under- 在在之下之下underestimate低估低估 underground 地下的地下的inter-相互，之间相互，之间international国际的国际的 interact 相互作用相互作用semi-半半semifinal（半决赛）（半决赛） semicircle 半圆半圆multi-多，多种多，多种multi-national多国的多国的 multi-coloured多种多种颜色的颜色的kilo-千千kilometer 千米千米,公里公里 kilogram 千克千克,公斤公斤tele-远远telephone 电话电话 television 电视电视a-在在上上/里里aboard 在船在船/火车火车/飞机上飞机上 ahead 在前面在前面注：注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性： 但但en-也改变词性，如：也改变词性，如：large大的大的-enlarge扩大，扩大，danger危险危险-endanger危及；危及； 后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但但-ship也不改变词性，如：也不改变词性，如：leader领导领导-leadership领导阶层；领导阶层；friend朋友朋友-friendship友谊。友谊。 要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的必须弄清要填的词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再根据构根据构词法词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。 下表归纳了各种下表归纳了各种句子成分的概念句子成分的概念、所处的、所处的语境语境和充当该和充当该句子成分句子成分的典型词类，这些是做的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：熟记：解题技巧解题技巧概念描述概念描述所处语境所处语境充当的词类充当的词类主语主语讲的是什么人或讲的是什么人或什么事什么事句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及物主代词，及some, any, other等后等后名词、名词、代词；代词；动名词、动名词、不定式不定式或从句或从句宾语宾语动作的动作的行为对象行为对象及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及形容词性物主代词，及some, any, other等后等后谓语谓语表示主语干什么表示主语干什么或是什么或是什么主语之后主语之后动词动词表语表语说明主语的身份、说明主语的身份、特征或状态特征或状态系动词之后系动词之后主要是形容词；主要是形容词；某些名词；某些名词；个别副词个别副词补语补语补充说明宾语或补充说明宾语或主语主语在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之后后定语定语修饰和限定名词修饰和限定名词或代词或代词名词之前，名词之前，something等代词之后等代词之后形容词形容词状语状语修饰动词、形容修饰动词、形容词、副词，词、副词，或整个句子或整个句子动词前后；形容词或副词之前；动词前后；形容词或副词之前；句首句首副词副词根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：种形式。具体方法有： 技巧技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。形式。The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系动词解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，后作表语，用形容词，故填故填silent。 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填定语，故填dangerous。 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject 解析：因所填词在句中作宾语解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的感兴趣的”，填，填interested。 1.In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. 2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.personal immediate 技巧技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，介词后作宾语，用名词形式用名词形式；在形容词性物主代词后，或者在形容词性物主代词后，或者在在”冠词冠词(+形容词形容词)”后，后，用名用名词形式。要注意名词词形式。要注意名词是否用复是否用复数数形式。如：形式。如： 1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. 2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries. 3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperity of our country.instructions choice pride 4. the remains date from this period because of their _ (similar) to those found elsewhere. 5. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the readingsimilarities information 技巧技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如： 1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China. 2 I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.increasingly merely 3.The island is _ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. 4.Do you think shopping online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?equally finally 技巧技巧4：括号中所给词有可能是：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，变，主要是考查具有与词根意主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词义相反的派生词，需根据句子，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加前加un-, im-等，在词根后加等，在词根后加-less等。等。如： 1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve. 2. _(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the train had left five minutes.hopeless Unfortunately 技巧技巧5：括号中所给：括号中所给动词动词也不一也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其查其比较等级比较等级。如：。如： 1there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 2 The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).more popular attractions harder 4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. worst 综合练习：综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空语篇填空语篇填空：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。(A) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im too busy!”monthly The youngster immediately fell 2_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3_ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4_ (quiet) walked away, 5_ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didnt respond. 6_ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote. silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7_ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8_ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9_ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10_ (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because. there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的(B) The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds greatest 1_ (celebrate) of the arts. The 2_ (found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活跃使活跃) and 4_(rich) the cultural life of Europe, Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance) over the years, yet the founders 6_(origin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objectives.significantly original Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, 7_(perform) and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget). It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss). This is 10_(evitable可以避免的可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival. performances unforgettable missing inevitable The _ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming from strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _ (vary) theories about the cause of his _ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork.death composers various untimely (C) On his death certificate it was _ (office) recorded that the cause of death was Hitziges Frieselfieber, or “heated military fever,” referring to a rash that looks like millet(粟粟) seeds. But _ (research) from the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands said _ (study) on his death have _ (general) been based on less-than-reliable evidence, like accounts from people who witnessed Mozarts final days, written decades after his death.officially researchers studies generally Their new study, reported in the Annals of Internal Medicine, was based on information from _ (office) death registers for Vienna in the winter of 1791 that places Mozarts death in a _ (wide) context. He died in Vienna.official wider Besides,能力要求能力要求 1、理解语篇的能力；、理解语篇的能力； 2、分析句子结构的能力；、分析句子结构的能力； 3、熟练运用语法的能力；、熟练运用语法的能力； 4、单词拼写能力。、单词拼写能力。 (注意三写：注意三写： 拼写、书写、大小写拼写、书写、大小写) More importantly,态度要求态度要求 不断记忆，积累词汇不断记忆，积累词汇 夯实基础，学好语法夯实基础，学好语法 大声朗读，培养语感大声朗读，培养语感 坚持不懈，多做练习坚持不懈，多做练习 今天的涨分攻略你听懂了吗？今天的涨分攻略你听懂了吗？In the end,我想说我想说 听懂容易，听懂容易， 坚持不易，坚持不易， 且练且努力！且练且努力！