2022年高考英语 语法复习高分巧突破 第1部分 冠词.doc
2014年高考英语语法复习高分巧突破 第1部分 冠词语境暗示法在解答冠词类试题时,要注意三大原则:一是判断表示泛指还是特指;二是判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词;三是判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词。1(2013·新课标全国卷)India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A不填; a Bthe; aCan; 不填 Dan; the解析:选A考查冠词。independence为抽象名词,因此其前不用冠词;struggle前由long来修饰此处表示具体的事物,其前应用冠词a。故选A。2(2013·重庆高考)The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.Aa; / Bthe; /Cthe; an Da; an解析:选C考查冠词。“_ news”特指他们的儿子需要手术的消息,故第一空应用定冠词the;operation是单数可数名词,此处表示“一个手术”,故第二空应用不定冠词an。故选C。3(2013·山东高考)It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.A不填; a Ba; theCthe; a Dthe; 不填解析:选B考查冠词。根据语意可知,第一空泛指“一个寒冷的冬夜”,所以用不定冠词;第二空特指“那天晚上的天空”,所以用定冠词the。一、不定冠词a/an的用法1单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指。The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development.(2013·福建高考)“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平发展的梦。2在某些抽象名词前加不定冠词可使抽象名词具体化。Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. (2012·山东高考)在困难时期能够买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。3不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.(2012·全国卷)他没得到跳高的金牌,但在跳远项目上还有一次机会。4a/an相当于every,表示“每一”。It's said John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.(2011·江西高考)据说约翰将获得一个年薪超过六万美元的工作。是的,他的工资将按周支付。点津高中常见的纯不可数名词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space (太空),advice, word (news), progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财产)等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.除了星星,宇航员只能看见太空。二、定冠词the的用法1用在名词前表示特指。We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes.(2012·四川高考)据说我们正生活在信息时代,一个充满了新发现和巨大变革的时代。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前;或序数词和形容词最高级之前。Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西高考)据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。点津有些物体也是独一无二,但习惯上却不用冠词。Animals are obviously the lower form of life than man.(2013·江西高考)动物显然是一种比人类低级的生命形式。3用在序数词和最高级前。As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.(2011·陕西高考)众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。4用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour,by the dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight,by height等。例如2011年江西卷的by the week。三、零冠词的用法1在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.(2012·安徽高考)卡尔正在大学里学食品科学,他希望将来有一天开一家自己的肉食品加工厂。The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea.(2012·安徽高考)史密斯一家通常不喜欢住旅馆,但去年夏天他们在海边一家不错的旅馆住了几天。2称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语或同位语时,不加冠词。Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, a fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.(2011·四川高考)这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们:“五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造”。固定搭配法固定搭配中冠词的考查是一大难点,平常的积累非常重要,因此要多留意一些短语中冠词的使用。1(2013·新课标全国卷)Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.Aa; a Bthe; theC不填; the Da; 不填解析:选A考查冠词。句意:四个半小时的讨论一直持续到半夜,在中间休息时我们吃了奶酪、巧克力以及喝了点加糖的茶。“四个半小时”可以表示为four and a half hours或four hours and a half。break意为“休息”,是可数名词,这里表示泛指,其前应用不定冠词。故选A。2(2013·浙江高考)People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.Aa; an Ba; 不填C不填; the Dthe; an解析:选A考查冠词。a preference表示“一种偏好”,develop a preference for“养成对的偏爱”,故第一空用不定冠词a;at an early age是固定词组,意为“在很小的时候”,故选A项。一、与不定冠词连用的常考习语have a gift for有的天赋get a lift/ride 搭便车as a rule 通常,照例in a hurry 匆忙地once in a while 偶尔a waste of 的浪费have a population of 有人口have a history of 有的历史have an area of 有的面积a knowledge of 知道go on a diet 节食in a sense 在某种意义上at a loss 困惑,不知所措all of a sudden 突然a matter of 的问题二、与定冠词连用的常考习语in the end 最后,终于on the whole 总之for the time being 暂时on the radio/phone 通过无线电广播/电话on the spot 在场,到场,立即,马上,当场to tell (you) the truth 说实话,老实说not in the least (not at all) 一点也不make the most/best of 充分利用in the way 挡路on the right/left 在右/左面三、用零冠词的常考习语ahead of time 提前under repair 在修理之中by mistake 错误地by law 根据法律on board 在船(或火车等)上at war 在交战in debt 负债by air/land/water 乘飞机/走陆路/走水路out of work/order/control/date/patience/reach/breath/danger/season失业/不按次序/失控/过时/失去耐心/够不着/上气不接下气/脱离危险/不合时令或不在旺季in use/danger/public 正被使用/处于危险之中/公开地,当众come/rank first 名列第一catch fire 起火come to light 暴露,真相大白come to power (take office) 上任,掌权make room for 为腾出空间1(2013·西安市西北工大模拟)Have you listened to _ weather forecast, Linda?Yes. It says that there will be _ heavy rain this weekend.Athe; the Ba; theCthe; a Da; a解析:选C考查冠词。句意:“琳达,你听了天气预报了吗?”“是的,预报说本周末会有一场大雨。”第一空表示特指,用定冠词the;第二空a heavy rain表示“一场大雨”。2(2013·烟台市一模)Have you seen _Audi car? I parked it here this morning.Is it _ white one? A young woman drove it away just now.A不填; the Ban; aCan; 不填 Da; the解析:选B考查冠词。句意:“你见过一辆奥迪车吗?我今天上午停在这里的。”“是一辆白色的吗?刚才一位年轻女士开走了。”第一空表泛指,用不定冠词an;第二空也表泛指,用不定冠词a。3. (2013·西安市高三二模)In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.Athe; a Ba; aCthe; the Da; the解析:选B考查冠词。句意:为了找到更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。第一空表示泛指;第二空中不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。4(2013·长春市高三二模)He told me _ news that he got a new job in _ excited whisper.A不填; an Ba; 不填Cthe; an Da; the解析:选C考查冠词。news是不可数名词,且其后有定语从句限定,第一空应加表示特指的定冠词the;in a whisper为固定短语,whisper前有不定冠词a,又因其前有excited修饰,所以第二空前用an,故选C。5(2013·成都市高三二模)Many people have come to realize that they should go on _ balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise. Aa; 不填 Bthe; aCthe; the D不填; a解析:选A考查冠词。句意:很多人最终意识到他们应该均衡饮食,抽时间进行锻炼。第一空考查短语go on a diet“节食”;第二空考查短语make room for“为腾地方;为让步”。6(2013·唐山一中高三二模)The party was _ success. We sang and danced until it came to _ end at midnight.Aa; an Ba; theCthe; an D不填; an解析:选A考查冠词。句意:晚会非常成功,我们又唱又跳,直到半夜才结束。第一空a success表示“一件成功的事”;第二空考查短语come to an end“结束”。 6