中考英语定语从句专题复习12.doc

定语从句一、Teaching aims：1. Knowledge aims: (1). What is attribute? (2). What is the attributive clause? (3). How to use relative pronouns and relative adverbs?2. Skill aims: （1）. Distinguish the attributive clause from other clauses. (2). Can use the attributive clause to speak and write fluently.二、Key points:1、定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。3、先行词：被定语从句修饰、限定的词或短语，称为先行词。4、定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。三、Warming up:1 比一比，看看谁想出的含有定语从句的句子最多？ 2你能划出下面句子中的定语从句吗？As a Global Environmental Ambassador(大使) , Gong Li urges the public to give up habits that are harmful to the environment .四、Teaching material:限定性定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物在定语从句中做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that既可代表事物也可代表人。关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，而当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常常省略。特别提示：1关系代词做从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。2如果which在从句中作“不及物动词介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词常放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。 3. 在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，（1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时；（2）由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常省略；（3）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；（4）先行词是序数词或最高级时；（5）先行词中既有人又有物时；（6）句中前面有which时。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 eg. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替： eg. (1). The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?二、关系副词关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in whichwhen=during whichwhose=of which1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 2. when引导定语从句表示时间3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样。关系副词引导的定语从句：1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.判断关系代词与关系副词：方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. thatC. on which例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. on which 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。Exercises:1. The man _ is standing there is my father. A. who B. whom C. which2. Who was the man _ spoke to you just now?A. who B. whom C. that 3. Tom is the only person I can depend on. A. that B. which C. who 4. It is the best film _ she has ever seen.A. that B. which C. when 5. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what 6. The football match _ I watched yesterday is fantastic!A. when B. that C. what D. who 7. China is a country has a long history. A. who B. which C. where 8. The boy _ I talked with just now is my best friend. A. who B. which C. where9. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it? Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can study happily. A. where B. when C. which 10. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young. A. whose B. that C. who D. which非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which，whose代表事物。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 翻译成先行词的定语，“的” 通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词做宾语时可省略关系词不可省略关系词可用that；可用who代替whom 关系词不用that；不用who代替whom五：Homework:（一）、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The boys are playing football are from Class One.2. This is the book you want。3. The time we got together finally came.4. Mr. Ling is just the boy I want to see.5. The man you met just now is my friend.6. This is the pen he bought yesterday.7. I once lived in a house window was broken.8. The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.9. I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.10. All can be done must be done. （二）、完成下列句子： 1I like music (我能随之舞蹈的). 2. I prefer music (歌词优美的). 3. People (饮食平衡的) should be healthier than those (吃垃圾食品的). 4This is the place (我过去常常学习的). 5. Thats the reason (她不喜欢他的). 6. I love the houses (窗子面向大海的). 7. Carmen likes musicians (能演奏不同种类的音乐的).5