2021届高考英语二轮复习增分强化练十八阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析.doc

增分强化练(十八)阅读理解×2阅读七选五语法填空(限时35分钟).阅读理解ALuxury Space Hotel Promises Guests A Truly Out­Of­This­World VacationLooking for a truly out­of­this­world vacation? Then you are in luck! On Thursday, April 5, Texas­based start­up Orion Span announced they were taking reservations for Aurora (极光) Station, the world's first luxury hotel in space, which is expected to launch in 2021 and begin welcoming visitors by 2022.The pill­shaped space station, which began construction in 2019, will measure 43.5 feet long and 14.1 feet wideabout the size of a large private jet's cabinwhen completed.It will accommodate four guests in two private suites (套房) and two crew members, most likely former astronauts.Flying about 200 miles above Earth, Aurora Station will circle the planet once every 90 minutes, enabling guests to enjoy 16 spectacular sunrises and sunsets daily, as well as scores of the breathtaking northern and southern auroras that the hotel is named after.While admiring the beauty of our planet, tourists can eat non­astronaut food and drinks or entertain themselves with playing cards.Those hoping to do something more worthwhile will be able to engage in astronaut­like experiments such as growing food in a special environment.The Wi­Fi enabled spacecraft will make it easy for guests to share their experiences with friends and family members on Earth.At the end of the week and half­long vacation, returning guests will be treated to a special “hero's welcome”， similar to the one experienced by astronauts returning from a real mission.Before the once­in­a­lifetime trip, guests will have to undergo the three­month­long special training learning how to move in a weightless environment, along with the basics of spaceflight and orbital mechanics.Also, before you start packing your bags, you will have to pay $9.5 million for the 12­day round­trip vacation.While several companies are planning to build hotels in space, Orion Span hopes to transform sections of used rockets floating in space into hotel rooms, instead of crowding the already messy skies with additional man­made objects. 语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。总部位于得克萨斯州的初创公司Orion Span宣布，他们正在为世界上第一家太空豪华酒店Aurora Station(极光站)做准备，预计2021年发射升空，2022年开始迎接游客。1What can be learned about Aurora Station?APeople can visit it now.BIts construction will last for about 5 years.CIt can only hold four people in this station.DIt looks like a pill with the size of a small plane.解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“The pill­shaped space station, which began construction in 2019, will measure 43.5 feet long and 14.1 feet wideabout the size of a large private jet's cabinwhen completed.It will accommodate four guests in two private suites and two crew members, most likely former astronauts.(这座药丸形状的空间站于2019年开始建造，长43.5英尺，宽14.1英尺，大约相当于一架大型私人飞机机舱的大小。它将在两间私人套房内容纳四名客人和两名机组人员，很可能是前宇航员)”可知，Aurora Station看起来像一架小飞机大小的药丸。故选D项。答案：D2Why is the station named Aurora Station?ABecause the hotel is lit up by the auroras of the Earth.BBecause the station will give off auroras while traveling.CBecause guests can enjoy fantastic auroras of the Earth.DBecause the station will run around the auroras of the Earth.解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Flying about 200 miles above Earth, Aurora Station will circle the planet once every 90 minutes, enabling guests to enjoy 16 spectacular sunrises and sunsets daily, as well as scores of the breathtaking northern and southern auroras that the hotel is named after.(极光站在地球上空约200英里处航行，每90分钟环绕地球一圈，客人每天可以欣赏16次壮观的日出和日落，以及数十次令人惊叹的南北极光，酒店以极光来命名的)”可知，命名为极光站是因为客人可以欣赏到奇妙的地球极光。故选C项。答案：C3What can guests do in a space hotel?ACommunicate with their family.BEnjoy astronaut food and drinks.CCook meals like they are at home.DReceive welcome as a real hero.解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“The Wi­Fi enabled spacecraft will make it easy for guests to share their experiences with friends and family members on Earth.(这艘支持Wi­Fi的太空船将使客人更容易与地球上的朋友和家人分享他们的经历)”可知，在太空酒店，客人可以和他们的家人交流。故选A项。答案：A4What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThere is little room for people to live on the earth.BToo many space crafts have aroused people's concern.CSpace hotels will be necessary in the near future.DUsed rockets floating in space are easy to be recycled.解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“While several companies are planning to build hotels in space, Orion Span hopes to transform sections of used rockets floating in space into hotel rooms, instead of crowding the already messy skies with additional man­made objects.(虽然有几家公司正计划在太空中建造酒店，Orion Span希望将漂浮在太空中的二手火箭部分改造成酒店客房，而不是用额外的人造物体挤满已经凌乱不堪的天空)”可推断出，太空中有太多的太空飞行器，这些东西引起了人们的关注。故选B项。答案：BBAt some point in elementary school, your science teacher may explain to you that there are 365 days in a year because that's how long it takes for Earth to complete one full journey around the sun.What they might not have explained, however, is that it's not exactly 365 daysit's actually closer to 365.2421 days.So, if we want our calendar year to begin right when Earth begins a new turn around the sun, we have to account for roughly an extra quarter of a day each year, or one day every four years.H reports that the Egyptians had already been doing this for a while before Europe finally caught on in 46 BC, when Roman Emperor Julius Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes put_their_heads_together to come up with what we now call the Julian calendar, which includes 12 months, 365 days, and an additional “leap day” every four years on February 29.But rounding 0.2421 up to 0.25 each year created an issue, because it didn't quite add up to a full day every four yearsand that tiny difference meant that after 128 years, the calendar year ended up starting a day before Earth had completed its journey around the sun.By the 14th century, the calendar year was starting 10 days before Earth finished its orbit.In 1582, Pope Gregory sought to correct the error by suggesting that we simply skip a leap day every so often.His Gregorian calendar, which we still use today, rules that we skip the leap day during years which can be evenly divided (被整除) by 100 but not by 400.For instance, the year 2000 included a leap day because it can be divided by 100 and 400; the year 2100, on the other hand, will not include a leap day, since it's evenly divided by 100, but not by 400.Gregory 's correction to Caesar's over­correction is itself a bit of an under­correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。目的是说明闰日被需要的原因。5What do the underlined words put their heads together in Paragraph 2 mean?ACome across each other.BBump their heads together.CCompete against each other.DCombine their efforts.解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“H reports that the Egyptians had already been doing this for a while before Europe finally caught on in 46 BC, when Roman Emperor Julius Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes put their heads together to come up with what we now call the Julian calendar (H报道说在欧洲最终在公园前46年开始使用闰日之前，埃及人已经这样好一段时间了，那时罗马的统治者恺撒和天文学家Sosigenes put their heads together想出了我们今天所称的公历)”尤其是“come up with what we now call the Julian calendar”推测画线部分的意思是“共同努力”。D项“Combine their efforts.(联合他们的努力)”符合以上说法，故选D项。答案：D6According to Gregorian calendar, which year may include a leap day?A2100.B1600.C1800. D2020.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“For instance, the year 2000 included a leap day because it can be divided by 100 and 400 (例如，2000年包含一个闰日，因为它可以被100和400同时整除)”可知，能够被100和400同时整除的年份包含一个闰日。B选项的1600年可以同时被它们整除，故该年包含一个闰日。故选B项。答案：B7What can we learn from the passage?AEmperor Julius Caesar was also an astronomer.BToday's calendar exactly agrees with the sun's turning.CThe 10­day early start in calendar will always exist.DThe Gregorian calendar is not yet the most accurate.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Gregory 's correction to Caesar's over­correction is itself a bit of an under­correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.(教皇8世格里高历对恺撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能需要在10 000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)”可推测，格里高历也不是最准确的。D项“The Gregorian calendar is not yet the most accurate.(格里高历也不是最准确的)”符合以上说法，故选D项。答案：D8What's the purpose of this passage?ATo point out a mistake made by your science teacher.BTo explain how long Earth makes a trip around the sun.CTo explain in detail why the leap day is needed.DTo explain the reason why we need a calendar.解析：写作意图题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的“So, if we want our calendar year to begin right when Earth begins a new turn around the sun, we have to account for roughly an extra quarter of a day each year, or one day every four years.(因此，如果我们想让我们的日历年恰好从地球绕太阳转一圈的时候开始，我们就会每年多出四分之一天，或者每四年多出一天)”和最后一段的“Gregory 's correction to Caesar's over­correction is itself a bit of an under­correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.(教皇8世格里高历对恺撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能会需要在10 000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)”可知，本文以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。由此推测本文的目的是，详细地解释为什么我们需要闰日。C项“To explain in detail why the leap day is needed.(为了详细介绍为什么闰日被需要)”符合以上说法，故选C项。答案：C.阅读七选五Now it is the time to set your resolutions.As you head into almost a whole year, your first step is to believe you can do it.Here's how to prepare yourself effectively.1Eating better and exercising more are all nice ideas, but they're too general and don't give you a plan of action.People often lack motivation when the problem is really a lack of clarity.If you want to eat better, be specific: Resolve to add a fruit or vegetable to your lunch every day, limit fast food to once per week, or have dessert once a week.Make it possible2.To eat better, put that bowl of fruit right next to your lunch bag, so you grab an apple or orange every day.To exercise more, you might want to run more.But if you're a night person, don't make it harder on yourself by trying to run every morning before work.3.Allow yourself to failEveryone has occasional slips.4.71% of successful resolvers say their first failure strengthened their efforts.Learn to refuse something annoying under high pressure.Even people who don't like apple pie still eat it when offered politely.Instead, say “No, thanks.” If you do slip, focus on getting back on track, not the slip.Set yourself up for successDo you try to stay off your phone? Get it out of your bedroom by using a standard alarm clock.One alarm clock only costs $6 now.If you want to limit sweets, get them out of your house.Do you want to reduce breaks？5.ASpeak it to your friendsBMake it as specific as possibleCStay away from your work's rest roomDInstead, do it after you finish your workEBut don't let the occasions occupy your trackFProve it to yourself with small wins over timeGAvoid resolutions that sound great but are unattainable答案：1.B2.G3.D4.E5.C.语法填空As countries and regions across the globe are left dealing 1.with the coronavirus crisis, most people are not 2.satisfied (satisfy) with their leaders' response to the outbreak, according to a new report.Citizens from just 7 out of 23 countries and regions rate their governments' 3.measures (measure) as broadly positive, 4.based (base) on the “Global Crisis Perceptions” index.The research, 5.which surveyed approximately 12,500 people across 23 countries and regions between April 3 and 19, 6.asked (ask) respondents to rate their countries and regions across four key indicators: political leadership, corporate leadership, community and media.China ranked 7.highest (high) in the citizens' survey, with a score of 85 out of 100.The world's second­largest economy was followed by Vietnam (77), the United Arab Emirates (59) and India (59), in 8.a list which saw Asian countries and regions take the top spots.9What is surprising is that only one Western countryNew Zealand (56)scored higher than the global average of 45.Australia, the US, and all four western 10.European (Europe) countries surveyedGermany, the UK, Italy and Franceall ranked below the global average.