2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧09语篇来源的信息确定含解析.doc

典型技巧09 语篇来源的信息确定【考情角度】考情分析科技发展类说明文一般在首段给出说明对象，然后从几个方面进行客观说明，行文结构简单，浏览全文后，解题时应带着题干关键词跳读原文比对得出答案。考查角度常见设题：文章出处题，细节理解题，细节推断题等。【真题再现】(2019·全国卷·C)主题语境：科学与技术As data and identity becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint to keep others out of private e­spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by ， whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty to and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic­like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typing.C. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e­space protection.2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. It'll be environment­friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebook. C. A novel.D. A magazine.答案1.D2.C3.B4.D【技巧释义】依据文章主要内容和关键信息判断出处1.读首段抓说明对象提出现状，说明生物测量技术造价高昂。2.引入新科技产品第二段第一处波浪线处，特殊符号说明解决问题的设备：智能键盘(可解第1题)第二段第二处波浪线以及第三段波浪线处，说明智能键盘发展的可能性(可解第2题)第四段波浪线处，关键信息make it to market说明产品前景(可解第3题)3.微技能双向线索定“出处”：介绍产品性能广告；介绍某人生平事迹传记浅显的科学知识教材或杂志新型交通工具报纸科技板块名胜或景点旅游杂志：含网址或click等网络词汇：网站含experiment, research等科学报告含admission, routes等旅行指南含food, health等词健康杂志/报纸健康版块4.结合文章内容及关键信息technologies, Researchers, device可知，文章介绍的是一款新的科技产品，属于科技类说明文，再结合选项可推断出第4小题的答案。【词汇积累】scan n.扫描；vt.扫描；浏览straightforward adj.简单的theft n.盗窃；偷窃precisely adv.精准地；准确地extension n.扩建；延期commercialize vt.使商业化by extension自然地；当然地speed up 加速【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）Buy the GNN paperback book directly from Good News Network if youre in the U.S.A.and you will save $2.00 compared to the Amazon price during our Holiday Saleplus get FREE shipping!Heres a great gift for all the news junkies (上瘾的人) in your life: Our book.And Now, The Good News, shines a spotlight on the extraordinary and everyday heroes and solutions to make you feel optimistic and hopeful about our world and makes a GREAT gift!Instead of complaining about the news, TRY this book to get a dose of GOOD News (for a change) .*A small paperback with 28 stories, great for reading on an airplane or daily commute.*Perfect for office waiting rooms, or thank-you gifts.This collection of unique, inspiring stories celebrates 20 years of Good News Networkthe website that features all-positive news from around the world at GNN.org. Created in 1997 by former Washington, DC television news editor Geri Weis-Corley, these are among her favorite GNN stories from two decades.FOR USA RESIDENTS ONLY! Shipping directly from Good News Network, here.Live Outside the U.S. or Want Amazon Prime?You can purchase now on A Prime which requires 1-2 days to print, and then additional to ship. If you are outside the U.S., order here from Amazon: United KingdomCanadaGermanySpainItalyAustralia1.Why is the book considered a great gift for all the “news junkies”?A.It can be bought directly from Good News Network.B.Buyers can save $2.00 compared to the Amazon price.C.It can help readers find the power of positive thinking.D.Buyers outside the USA can also get free shipping.2.Why did Geri Weis-Corley collect these inspiring stories?A.She likes reading books on an airplane.B.She often sends thank-you gifts to friends.C.She hopes to gain international popularity.D.She wants to celebrate 20 years of Good News Network.3.From which is the text probably taken?A.A brochure.B.A website.C.Newspaper.D.A magazine.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【分析】本文是应用文。介绍了Good News Network网站为读者推荐的一本廉价平装书。1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Our book.And Now, The Good News, shines a spotlight on the extraordinary and everyday heroes and solutions to make you feel optimistic and hopeful about our world and makes a GREAT gift!”可知，好消息这本书会让读者对生活感到乐观和充满希望。即它能帮助读者发现积极思考的力量，因此这本书对于所有“新闻迷”来说是个好礼物。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第六段“This collection of unique, inspiring stories celebrates 20 years of Good News Networkthe website that features all-positive news from around the world at GNN.org. ”可知，Geri Weis Corley创办的网站发布了来自世界各地的所有积极消息。这些独特而鼓舞人心的故事是为了庆祝Good News Network网站创办20年。因此Geri Weis-Corley收集这些鼓舞人心的故事是想庆祝网站成立20年。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“You can purchase now on A Prime which requires 1-2 days to print, and then additional to ship.If you are outside the U.S., order here from Amazon: United KingdomCanadaGermanySpainItalyAustralia（现在可以在A Prime上购买需要1-2天印刷，然后发货。如果您不在美国，请从亚马逊订购：United KingdomCanadaGermanySpainItalyAustralia）可知，本文最可能来自网络。故选B。2What do you usually do to comfort your friends when they are feeling sad or depressed? You probably pat them on the back or shoulder, or maybe you give them a big, warm hug.We used to think that knowing when and how to comfort others was an ability that only humans have. But scientists have discovered that apes （猩猩）have this ability, too. Two researchers from Emory University in Atlanta, US, went to an Ape Protection Centre in Congo to study bonobos （倭黑猩猩）,which are closely related to humans.The researchers analyzed the bonobos' reactions after more than 370 cases of stressful situations, such as fights and losing temper, and found that some bonobos rushed to hug those that were screaming after being attacked, just like humans would have done.However, researchers said that not all bonobos were able to comfort others. In the protection centre, many bonobos are orphans （孤儿）whose mothers were killed by hunters. They were found to be more anxious in times of tension and have greater difficulty controlling their own emotions, malting them worse at reaching out to help friends in need."Orphans, who have not had the benefit of a mother helping them handling their emotions, are much worse al comforting others,” Professor Frans de Waal, one of the researchers, told The Telegraph. "Bonobos with moms were able to curb their negative emotional reactions more quickly. Therefore, they pay more attention to others.” This pattern mirrors the way that human children have been found to react. Those who seem more capable of handling their own emotionsfor example, the ones who can calm themselves down more quickly after upsetting experiencesare usually better at expressing their concerns for others .4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Orphan bonobos never give a hand to friends.B.There were 370 bonobos involved in the research.C.Moms play a significant role in handling kids' emotions.D.The ability to comfort others is unique to human beings.5.The underlined word “curb" in the 5th paragraph probably meansA.expressB.observeC.hideD.control6.Where are you most likely to find the passage?A.A science journalB.A travel leafletC.A literature reviewD.A science fiction7.What's the main purpose of this passage?A.To uncover the mystery of Apes.B.To inform readers of a new study.C.To provide better protection for Apes.D.To compare human behaviors with Apes.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项对于倭黑猩猩的研究成果表明：母亲在处理孩子的情绪方面扮演着重要的角色。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Bonobos with moms were able to curb their negative emotional reactions more quickly. ”（有妈妈的倭黑猩猩能够更快地抑制自己的负面情绪反应。）及“This pattern mirrors the way that human children have been found to react. ”（这种模式反映了人类儿童的反应方式。）可知，母亲在处理孩子的情绪方面扮演着重要的角色。故选C项。2.词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, they pay more attention to others.”（因此，它们会更加关注别人。）及划线句推测，有妈妈的倭黑猩猩能够更快地抑制自己的负面情绪反应，即，控制自己的负面情绪，因此才能更关注别人。“curb"意思是控制。故选D项。3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ But scientists have discovered that apes have this ability, too. Two researchers from Emory University in Atlanta, US, went to an Ape Protection Centre in Congo to study bonobos ,which are closely related to humans.”（但是科学家们发现猿类也有这种能力。来自美国亚特兰大埃默里大学的两名研究人员前往刚果猿保护中心对与人类关系密切的倭黑猩猩进行研究。）及全文内容推测，本文为一篇科普说明文，因此，最可能在一本科学杂志上找到本文。故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Two researchers from Emory University in Atlanta, US, went to an Ape Protection Centre in Congo to study bonobos ,which are closely related to humans.”（来自美国亚特兰大埃默里大学的两名研究人员前往刚果猿保护中心对与人类关系密切的倭黑猩猩进行研究。）可知，文章旨在告知读者一个新的关于猿类行为的研究。故选B项。3How do you address（称呼）people in English when you want to talk to them? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.*When talking to strangers there is often no special forms of address in English. Usually, If you want to catch the attention of strange, it is necessary to use such a phrases as "Excuse me".*In British English "Sir" and "Madam" are considered to be too formal（正式）for most situations. They are used mostly to customers in shops or restaurants. While in American English "Sir" and "Madam" are not so formal and are commonly used between strangers, especially with older people whose names you don't know.*When you, talk to some people you know, you can use their names. If you are friends, use their first names; if your relationship is more formal, use "Mr." "Mrs." "Ms.", ect, before their family names.*There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers. However, many of these are limited in use. For example, "pal" and "mate" can be used between strangers, but are usually only used by men talking to other men.8.According to the passage, "Excuse me" is mainly used to_A.catch the attention of a stranger.B.apologize to othersC.address a person you don't knowD.suggest good manners9.If John Smith is your best friend, according to the passage you should often call him_.A.Mr. JohnB.SmithC.JohnD.Mr. Smith10.Which of the following is NOT true?A."Sir" and "Madam" are used more often in America than in England.B.While addressing friend, people just use their first names.C."Pal" and "mate" are usually only use between men.D.People often use "Mr." "Mrs." or "Ms." Before the first names of those people who they don't know very well.11.The passage is mainly likely taken from an English_.A.cardB.textbookC.storybookD.grammar book.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何使用英语来称呼别人的一些规则。8.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Usually, If you want to catch the attention of strange, it is necessary to use such a phrases as "Excuse me". (通常，如果你想引起一个陌生人的注意，使用这样的短语是必要的，如“打扰了”。) ”可知如果你想引起他人注意，你可以使用“Excuse me”。故A正确。9.细节理解题。根据第四段“If you are friends, use their first names (如果你们是朋友，直接称呼他们的名字)可知 John Smith是你的好朋友，你直接称呼John就可以了。故C正确。10.细节理解题。根据第四段的“if your relationship is more formal, use “Mr.”, “Mrs.” “Ms.”, etc, before their family names(如果你的关系更正式，在他们的姓氏之前使用“先生”、“夫人”、“女士”等)”可知如果不太熟悉的人，要在姓前使用“Mr.”, “Mrs.” “Ms.”，而是不名前，因此D项不正确。故D正确。11.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“How do you address（称呼）people in English when you want to talk to them? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.”可知，文章介绍了如何使用英语来称呼别人的一些规则。根据常识可知，card, storybook, grammar book一般不会有这样的文章，只有教科书中才可能有这样的文章，故B正确。4Slowly but surely, were moving closer and closer to 5G world. From smart-home security(安全) to self-driving cars, all the internet-connected devices in your life will be able to talk to each other at lightning-fast speeds. Objectively speaking, the fastest 4G download speeds in the US top out at an average of 10.42 Mbps. But by comparison, 5G promises gigabit(千兆) speeds.“5G is one of those signs, along with artificial intelligence(人工智能)，of this coming data age,” said Steve Koenig, senior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association. The self-driving vehicle(车辆) is a great emblem of this data age, and that is to say, it is a sign of time, because with one single task, driving, you have a large number of data coming from the vehicle itself, and a variety of sensors(传感器) are collecting a lot of information to model its environment as it moves. Its pulling in data from other vehicles about road conditions down the lane(车道). It could be weather information, but also connected infrastructure (基础设施)construction. There is lots of data behind that task, which is why we need high speeds.Augmented reality glasses and virtual headset havent yet broken the mainstream, but tech companies are joyfully betting(打赌) that these devices will eventually replace our smartphones. With 5G, that could actually happen. This is notable(显著的) because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assist-or perhaps even replace-smartphones.Ericsson stated at February' s Mobile World Congress how smart glasses could become faster and lighter with a 5G connection, because instead of being weighed down with components(部件), the glasses could rely on hardware for processing(处理)power.But don't get too excited. There's still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction, so 5G isnt concentrated(集中) only in big cities.12.What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 1?A.The lightning- fast speeds of 5G.B.The expectation of 5G world.C.The difference between 4G and 5G.D.The internet-connected devices in our life.13.What does the underlined word “emblem” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Exhibition.B.Success.C.Symbol.D.Explanation.14.What will the author probably tell us next?A.How to fully expand 5G coverage(覆盖范围).B.Smart glasses will become faster and lighter.C.Why 5G isn't concentrated in big cities.D.The importance of infrastructure construction.15.Where is this passage probably taken from?A.A science fiction.B.A science magazine.C.A business report.D.A film documentary.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代5G技术发展状况。即将来临的高速5G网络将会给人们的生活带来更多便利。如人工智能和无人驾驶。12.主旨大