初中英语语法之主谓一致讲解.doc

考点名称：主谓一致主谓一致的概念：谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致的基本原则：1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。例如：The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。例如：The people in that country are fighting for independence.The crowd deeply respect their leader.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.几对容易混淆词组的一致用法：1、由“thisthatkindtypeof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由"thesethosekindtypeof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：This kind of apples is highly priced.Those kind(s) of tests are good.2、由“a number of，a totalo f，an average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus.The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.3、one of，the(only) one of的一致用法例如：This is one of the books that have been recommended.This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.主谓一致用法点拨：1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数：如：Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题：The League secretary and monitor_asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案：B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A、C本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。2、主谓一致中的靠近原则：1）当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当eitheror与neithernor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致：当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.4、谓语需用单数：1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数：1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right. (一切顺利。)All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。例如：family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。例如：His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any police around?3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。例如：A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6、与后接名词或代词保持一致：1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2）在一些短语，如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more thanof作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市from sign 20211029125148