2020新人教版高一英语必修二unit1第一单元知识点详解.docx

人教版（2019）高中英语必修 2 第一单元语言要点详解第一部分单词：1. 对译词汇heritagecreativelyrelicparadedocumentdownloadmirrorthe KremlinMoscowdigitaloverseadragonprotestopinioncluechiwenparaphraseAswan Damthe NileEgyptSaint Basil'sCathedralthe Forbidden CityLos AngelesrepubliccypressroofdamcaveappquotecontributearchaeologistpyramidtempleUNESCOCairosheetdepartmentfundmountTanzaniaforever2. 形变词汇(关注词汇的变形)application apply applicantapplying appliedcontribution contributecontributorinvestigateè investigationprofessional èprofessorèprofessioncomparisonècompareè comparativehistoricèhistoryèhistoricalèhistoricallytraditionètraditionalètraditionalEgyptianèEgyptèEgyptian (Egyption)conductèconductorèconductiveèconductèdisappearèappearèappearanceèdisappearance=lossèloseèloserèestablishèestablishmentèestablishedèestablishing3. 课本词汇(课标中见到,有必要向学生强调部分用法。)oppositebrieflysafeguardquoteexplanationmotivateaffectcustomssymbolicsurveyorweedpresentationcharacteristicsdefinitiondraft1). It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.2). Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.3). These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.4). Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development.5). You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.4. 列举掌握1). Former 形容词，先前的；与“latter”是一对反义词，经常成对出现。比如：Of the two the latter is better than the former.在两者之中，后者比前者要好。The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. 翻译-(曾经的教堂) Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouthswas_(former) alive.(formerly)2). balance 既是动词，又是名词。例句：After paying all the expenses, there is a balance of fifty yuan.支出所有的开销后，还有 50 元的余额。You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你要权衡一下生活在大城市的利弊。We try to strike a balance between justice and mercy.我们设法做到宽严并济,恩威兼施.1 Also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a_(balance) take on life. (balanced) How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance? When he was running after his brother, the boylost his balance and had a bad fall.3).limit 既可以做动词，又可以做名词使用。注意动词的搭配。翻译-翻译-(维持平衡)(失去平衡)例句：There isn't a limit to everything. 对每件事都没什么限制。The house prices in the city seemed soaring up without limit.这个城市的房价好像无限的疯涨。We must limit our expense to what we can afford. 我们必须限制我们的开支不能超出我们的支付能力。 Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of _(limit) resources. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit _ Alice Moore. But our funds _(limit), and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. There is a limit_ one's life, but no limit _ serving the people.4). loss 名词，是动词 lose 的变形。(limited)(for)（were limited）( to, to)例如：All his goods sell at a loss.他所有的货物都亏本销售。He found himself at a loss for words of consolation. 他简直想不出安慰的话来.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.回家之后，Ehlers 因为那只丢失的狗而感到困扰。Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.读者她的自传，我被 Doris Lessing 在文学上的成就所深深的折服。 Loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity. If she leaves, it'll be a big _(lose) to us.翻译-(失去自由)翻译-(巨大损失 loss) Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.翻译-(追求减分)适当介词 (of) And then the inevitable happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too harsh and They fear losing control _ their workers.does nobody any good.翻译-(失去耐心)5). contribute 动词，做贡献，促成，投稿等，常与介词“to”连用。例如：And did they contribute to the poor performance of their successors?是不是他们招致了他们后继者的业绩不佳呢？What can modern statistics contribute to finance?现代统计学对金融有什么贡献呢？Alcohol and caffeine can contribute to depression and anxiety.酒精和咖啡因能够导致抑郁和焦虑。 Many factors _ to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.翻译-(招致 contributed) Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives _ the poor. As our society grows old, we need the _(contribute) of our older citizens.6). entrance 名词，入口翻译-(引发)(to)(contributions) We were handed tickets_ the entrance. Excuse me, where is the entrance _ the theater?7). Image 名词，印象，形象，肖像，概念，象征填入适当介词-(at)填入适当介词-(to)例句：I have this image of you as always being cheerful and optimistic. 你留给我的印象总是快活和乐观。She looked at her image in the mirror. 她看着镜子中自己的映像。His image rose before me.他的容貌浮现在我的眼前。 China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.翻译-(形象) While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words andimages.8). further “far”的比较级，也可以当动词使用。翻译-(影像)例句：Your encouragement will stimulate me tofurther efforts.你的鼓励会激发我们更加努力。2 Please move a little further; you're standing in my light. 请移开一些, 你挡我的亮了.Further, it has come to my attention.此外，它引起了我的注意。It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.不经进一步的研究就做出概括是不科学的。9). event 名词，事件，大事，活动例句：This is a notable event.这是个重要事件。In either event you will benefit.无论怎样，你都会受益。 Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various_. This is _ event for all the family.(events)(an) Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. 翻译-(苹果节)翻译-(多事之秋 eventful)(2020 年山东卷阅读) Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerous.10). attempt 名词或动词，表示“试图、尝试、攻击例句：He dived his hand into his pocket in an attempt to find the key.他把手伸进兜里试图寻找钥匙。 For years researchers haveattempted _(show) that television is dangerous to children. It is an attempt _(deal) with a set of weighty topics.11).within 介词，在什么之内(to show)(to deal)例句：The film will be shown within a few days. 本片即将上映。It is within our power to reward him for that. 我们有权为那件事奖励他.翻译下面的句子： But now I live within walking distance of my office.可是现在我的工作的就离居住地几步之遥。 I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我认为美源自于内在。 It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.这让他完全相信自己能创作出自己的最后一首歌曲。 When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.当实验的老鼠不被允许睡觉的时候，它们没一个月就死了。 If you arent satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days.如果您不满意，只需在 21 天内给客服写信。12). throughout 介词或副词，表示从里到外地，遍及，自始至终地例句：Our product enjoys popularity throughout the world.我们的产品享誉全球。The house is well built throughout.这个房子内外都建地不错。Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定。高考例句: After you exercise, you continue to burn caloriesthroughout the day.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's center for global change science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceansthroughout the century.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effectsthroughout entire ecosystems.13). forgive 动词，原谅，宽恕例句：Forgive me for leaving some of your questions unanswered.请原谅没有回答您的几个问题。Can you forgive me for forgetting your birthday?您能原谅我把您生日忘了吗？Such a person may _(forgive)if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression. (be forgiven)Similarly, those who are able to view the world with amused tolerance are often equally _ of their own shortcomings.(forgiving)3 But not most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates( 本科生), and even graduate students(本科毕业生), toget their low grades _.(forgiven)14). conduct 动词或名词，执行，操作，管理，行为等例句：Are you ashamed of your conduct? 你对自己的行为感到害臊 吗 ?She taught us how to conduct experiments.她教我怎么做实验。 A study of travelers _ by the website tripadvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(conducted) The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself _ a good neighbor should.(as) With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and _ trials to get a recipe that was both tasty andtooth-friendly.(conducting) Social media firms would conduct a survey _ the kite mark scheme.(on) To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers _ two experiments.15). establish 动词，建立，创建(conducted)例句： The United Nations is endeavoring to establish peace.联合国正在努力创建和平。Let's establish the ground rules so that everybody knows what to expect.我们得定一下基本规则,以便让每个人都知道要求如何.The fact was established after investigation.查明属实。 A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is properly_. The purchase price could also be a signal that an _ company is buying a new-born threat. The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the _of a radio factory.16). promote 动词促销，晋级，提职(established)(established)(establishment)例句：All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.我们所有的项目旨在推动贫困偏远山区的发展。 It involves creation, performance, and _/marketing.16). give way to 短语：让路，有优先权。(promotion) Give way to traffic coming from the left. 左车先行。17). Identity 名词，身份，一致例句：After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith.The next step, Debruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.5. 重点词汇1). create 动词：创造，产生例句：The project will create up to 40 new jobs. 这项工程将提供 40 多个新的工作岗位。Mellow music and lighting helped to create the right atmosphere. 柔和的音乐和灯光衬托出了适宜的氛围。 A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to _ rooms you'll love to live in. (creating) In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that _still_. The arts _ jobs that help develop the economy.(are.being created)(create) There's lots of room to express yourself _.(creatively) Manybuildings on the campus are his original _.(creations) There are plenty of opportunities for the _ person to become involved, including workshops and events.( creative) Earth does not wish _(再次重复) the past 24 billion years of falls again. What do you do for recreation ? 翻译(to recreate)你闲暇的时候做什么消遣？2). preserve 动词，保存，保护，保鲜例句：Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于食物保鲜。They were fighting in order to preserve their independence. 他们为独立而战。No hunting is allowed in the preserve.在保护区内禁猎4 His music deserved _ in the family.(to be preserved) On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe 一家好多的食物都是种植于洛杉矶仅仅 1/10 英亩的一小块地上，并且罐装保存。 So far, specialists have worked to addpreservative materials to the churches' exteriors.到目前为止，好多专家已经研究给教堂的外墙涂上防腐材料。 Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food_ and catering.3). lead to 短语，表示“招致，引发”。(preservation)例句：This suggestion will certainly lead to an argument.这种建议肯定会招致争论。It was an illegal act and will lead to your arrest. 这是一种违法行为肯定会让你有牢狱之灾。 Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to lower self-identity and _(confident). (confidence) Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, _ to changes in the ocean'sappearance.(leading) False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to _(prison).(imprisonment)4). proposal动词 propose 提议，建议，求婚，打算。(表示建议的时候从句改用省略 should 的虚拟语气。)例句：She proposed to earn her living honestly. 她打算自食其力。I propose a committee be set up to investigate the accident. 我建议建立一个委员会调查这次事故。名词 proposal 建议。(proposal)(proposed)(leave) I propose that he_(leave) now.5). likely 形容词。可能的，一般做表语，也可以当定语使用。但是不多见。例句：If this is your first baby, it's far morelikely that you'll get to the hospital too early.如果这是您的第一胎，很有可能您会超前入院。This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.这项决定很有可能会令好多人不愉快。The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.最可能的解释就是飞机晚点。 A great decline in young work force is likely _(occur)in China, for instance.（to occur） These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls(自动拨号)much worse. The family is likely to _(leave) the house before you came.6). committee 集合名词，委员会。(to have left)在英语中会有好多名词，当“一群、一组”讲的时候，谓语动词要用单数。比如： team, army, family, party。例句：A team of officers is trawling through the records of thousands of petty thieves.一组警察正在翻阅数以千计的小偷小摸者的记录。A party of retired doctors is touring western Europe. 一群退休的医生在在西欧旅游。7). prevent 动词，阻止，防止例句：The fence is strategically sited to prevent anyone getting onto the beach.这个围栏的选址很有策略，可以阻止任何人上岸。We must prevent the trouble from spreading. 我们必须防止麻烦扩散。 If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them_(turn)brown.(turning) The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 翻译-(预防心脏病) _is key because once ecosystems pass their tipping point, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.(Prevention)5 8). donate 动词，捐赠。例句: He donated most of his collection of the old coins to the local museum.他把他大部分的古币藏品都捐赠给了当地的博物馆。From the starting of this month, the family had received donations from all over the world.从本月初起这个家庭便收到来自世界各地的捐赠。 This has led companies and individuals to donate money_developing countries to buy Internet facilities. (to) People should be encouraged to make more _. Blood _ are required to be tested before _. Volunteers came with carloads of _ clothing and toys.(donations)( donators, donating)(donated)9). worthwhile 形容词, 可做表语、定语和补语。与 worthy(表语和定语)和 worth(表语形容词)要有所区别。记住关键句式: It's worthwhile to do something /doing something.(It 做形式主语的话，一般用 worthwhile 作表语)Something is worth doing.Something is worthy of being done /to be done. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is _ the trouble. I guess it's worth _ my car at home.(worth )(leaving) You should make something_out of your experience.(worthy/worthwhile)（worthy） Also, remember a successful ending is not the only thing _of a celebration. Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than_ to save his music.(worthwhile)可以这样记忆：worth 最短，表语凸显，wor