人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-5复习提纲-(1).docx

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除unit1 Whats the matter?询问某人的健康问题以及遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：提建议：should do / shouldnt do应该/不应该干某事Whats the matter (with sb)? / Whats wrong (with sb)? / What happened (to sb)?Whats the trouble (with sb)? / Whats the problem (with sb)? / Are you OK?/Is there anything wrong with sb?表达身体疼痛或不舒服： sb have / has a fever ( cold, cough, the flu)sb have / has a.ache( headache, toothache, stomachache, backache, an earache)sb have/ has a sore throat (back, arm , foot ,eyes)There is something wrong with ones +身体部位I dont feel well.(这里的well是形容词，健康的) Lets +动词原形./ What (How) about doing sth ? / Why not ( Why dont you ) do?Youd better do / Youd better not do 最好干某事/最好不要干某事too much + 不可数名词 :too much homework 动词+too much : talk too muchtoo many+可数名词复数： too many students much too + adj/ adv : much too tiredhot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 (这里的with是后置定语，修饰tea)get an X-ray 照X光 see a dentist看牙医 = go to a dentist take ones temperature量体温put some medicine on it 上药 take breaks= take a break = have a rest 休息一下lie down躺下 go to a doctor看医生 in the same way以同样的方式 hurt oneself伤着自己away from ：远离 Stay away from fire.远离火A地离B地的具体距离 具体的距离+away from : My home is 500 meters away from my school.see sb doing sth看见某人正在干某事 see sb do sth看见某人干某事的全过程shout for help 大声呼救 shout at sb对某人大喊大叫 shout to sb对某人大声说话lie 动词，躺、位于， 过去式lay , 过去分词lain, 现在分词lying 动词，说谎， 过去式lied, 过去分词lied, 现在分词lying 名词，谎言 tell a lie = tell lies说谎lay 动词，下蛋，产卵，放置 ，过去式laid, 过去分词laid, 现在分词layingwithout thinking twice毫不犹豫，不假思索 get on 上车 get off 下车（大型交通工具）get into / get out of (电梯、出租车等小型交通工具) to ones surprise另某人吃惊的是expect sb to do sth期待某人干某事 expect sb not to do sth期待某人不要干某事agree to do sth同意干某事 thanks to 多亏了，幸亏= because of = with the help ofin time 及时 on time 按时，准时 get into trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦 right away=right now = at once立即马上 fall down倒塌，跌倒think of想起，认为 think about 考虑 think about doing sth考虑干某事think over 仔细考虑 hit sb in / on +身体部位（软的部位用in,硬的部位用on）run it under water用水冲洗 put a bandage on it 用绷带包扎Knives are used to cut things.sick& ill sick 形容词，可作定语，修饰名词，如： a sick girl ; 也可作表语，如： She is sick.ill形容词，一般只作表语，不做定语 She is ill. ( ill作定语修饰名词，指坏的=bad)have trouble (in) doing sth = have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth干某事有麻烦/问题/ 困难have trouble with sth= have problems with sth = have difficulty with sth在某方面有困难be / get used to doing sth 习惯于干某事 I am used to getting up early.我习惯了早起used to do sth过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了） I used to get up early. (暗示现在不早起)be used to do sth被用来干某事（ 是由use sth to do sth变为被动语态而来）look up 查阅 ，查字典 write down 写下，记下 take a risk = take risks 冒险risk用作动词： risk + n / 代/ doing sthI am willing to risk losing everything.because of +名词或名词性短语 because of accidents lose ones life 失去生命in a dangerous situation在危险的情况下 by oneself 独自，亲自free 形容词，自由的，空闲的，免费的： Are you free? / The flower is for free. 花是免费的动词，解放，使自由 I want to free these birds in cages.run out 用完，耗尽，物作主语 ,即 sth run out: My money ran out soon.run out of 用完，耗尽，=use up 人作主语，即 sb run out of sth: I ran out of my money soon.use sth to do sth使用某物来干某事 cut off切断 climb down爬下 be ready to do sth = get ready to do sth准备好干某事be ready for sth = get ready for sth为做好准备with his left arm用他的左胳膊，with 用 (用工具) We eat with chopsticks.我们用筷子吃饭。in用（用语言，声音，材料等） Speak in English,please.called = named 被叫做，名为的 Do you know the girl called / named Nancy?tell of 讲述= talk about the importance of +n/代/doing sth 的重要性 the importance of water 水的重要性 the importance of reading books 读书的重要性make decisions作决定 make decisions to do sth作决定干某事= decide to do sthbe in control of掌管，管理 You should be in control of your own life.be out of control失去控制 the same as和一样die 动词， died过去式 dying现在分词，可作形容词，垂死的 dead形容词，死亡的， death 名词，死亡 keep on doing sth坚持干某事give up 动副短语，代词放中间，用宾格： give it / them up give up doing sth放弃干某事= stop doing sthunit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.动词短语：1. 动词+介词： look at, listen to, look after( to, at, in , after, for, of, from, across,with, through)2. 动词+副词： pick up, take out, give away( on, off, up , down, out, away, )代词作宾语，放中间，用宾格。3. 动词+名词+介词： take care of , take part in 4. 系动词+形容词+介词：be angry with， be different from5. 动词+副词+介词：look forward to, catch up withput : put on 穿上，上演 ；put off 推迟，延期 ；put up举起，张贴，搭建；put down放下put out扑灭，熄灭；put away收起来，收好come: come from来自； come on快点，加油； come in进来； come up with想出，想起come out出来，出版，放映； come over过来，顺便来访look: look at看着look after照看，照顾； look out当心； look like看起来像； look up查阅look forward to期待，盼望turn: turn on 打开； turn off关掉；turn up声音调大点； turn down声音调小点；cut: cut up 切碎； cut down砍伐 ； cut off切断； cut into切成take: take after 相像； take off脱下，起飞； take part in参加； take care of照顾，照料take out拿出，取出clean up 打扫干净； cheer up 振作起来，使高兴起来； set up 建立 ；help out帮助解决难题； work out解答出来，计算出，效果好； give out = hand out 分发，散发；try out试验，参加的选拔； dress up 打扮，乔装打扮；give away赠送； grow up 长大 ；make up 编造； give up放弃 call up=ring up打电话 pick up捡起，开车接某人，put off doing sth推迟干某事 come up with = think up 想出 put up signs张贴标语 clean-up 名词 清洁 catch up with追上，赶上notice: 名词，通知，通告动词，注意到 notice sb do sth注意到某人干某事的全过程 notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在干某事each &every:同: each ,every后面加名词异：1. each强调个体，every强调整体；2. each是两个或两个以上中的每一个，every是三个或三个以上的每一个； 3.each 可以和of连用，every不可以，each of+名词作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。used to do sth过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了）I used to play basketball after school. I didnt use to play basketball after school. 或I usednt to play basketball after school.Did you use to play basketball after school. 或Used you to play basketball after school.Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 或 Yes, I used./ No, I usednt.What did you use to do? 或 What used you to do?used to be过去是（现在不是了） I used to be a student. (现在不是学生了)care for 照顾，照料，用于肯定句= look after= take care of 非常喜欢， 用于否定句 I dont care for green tea.some day有朝一日，用于将来时； one day有一天，用于过去时态或将来时态the other day前几天，用于过去时态lonely& alone : lonely 形容词，孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的，有强烈的感情色彩，可作表语，如：I feel lonely. 可作定语 ， a lonely island一座孤岛 alone 副词，修饰动词，如：live alone独自生活； 也可以用作形容词，但只能作表语，无感情色彩，强调独自，一个人，如： I was alone at home.volunteer to do sth自愿干某事 volunteer作名词，志愿者so &such : so强调形容词或副词， such强调名词1. such + a/an+ adj + 可数名词单数 ： such a clever boy2. such +adj + 不可数名词或可数名词复数 : such bad weather / such beautiful flowers1 .so + adj/ adv : so cute / hard2. so+ adj+ a/ an+可数名词单数： so clever a boy = such a clever boy3. so+many/ much/ few/ little 当名词前有many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用soa feeling of satisfaction 一种满足感 satisfaction名词，满足，满意； satisfy动词 satisfy sb使某人满意 My answer didnt satisfy her.satisfied形容词，满意的 be satisfied with对满意 I am satisfied with your gift.the owner of 的主人 ： Who is the owner of this car?at the age of =when sb was years oldI could write at the age of five. = I could write when I was five years old.try out for参加.的选拔 Fifty boys came to try out for the basketball team.try out试验They are trying out a new teaching method.他们正在试验新的教学方法。go on a journey = go on a trip去旅行 （journey指长途旅行，trip 指短途旅行travel指长时间，远距离的旅行，尤指出国旅行）at the same time同时 be busy with sth= be busy doing sth忙于干某事打电话的表达： call sb= ring sb= call sb up = ring sb up = give sb a call= phone sbin ones free time在某人的空闲时间 raise money筹集资金 raise money for为筹集资金raise举起 = put up : raise your right hand = put up your right hand 提高 Dont raise your voice at me. 养育 He raised a large family.to do 不定式的用法：1. 宾语： want / hope/ decide / wish / like / plan / try / expect to do sth 2. 宾语补足语：want / wish / expect / help / ask sb to do sth3. 主语： It takes sb some time to do sth / Its +adj+for sb to do sth / To see is to believe.4. 表语：一般在系动词的后面： To see is to believe.5. 状语：目的状语：I get up early to catch the early bus. 原因状语：Im glad to see you. 结果状语：He is old enough to go to school.6. 后置定语： The best way to relax is through exercise.fix up 修理，装饰 give away 赠送 give in屈服 set up 建立break 过去式是broke 过去分词 broken ， broken也可作形容词，损坏的，残缺的write to sb= write a letter to sb写信给某人 hear from sb = get/receive a letter from sb收到某人的来信thank you for doing sth = thanks for doing sth谢谢你干某事make / find / think it +adj for sb to do sth在这个结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth使干某事对于某人来说是的/发现干某事对于某人来说是的/认为干某事对于某人来说是的I find it difficult for me to learn English well.make a (big/ great) difference to sb/sth对某人或某物产生了（巨大的）影响The accident made a big difference to his life.make no difference to sb/ sth对某人或某物没有影响It made no difference to me.imagine +n/ 代/ doing sth I cant imagine living without clean water.imagine+宾语从句 Imagine that you are in space.difficulty：具体的概念，困难，难题，难事，可数名词 ，复数difficulties 抽象的困难，不可数：have difficulty (in) doing stha friend of mine = one of my friends a friend of hers= one of her friendsa friend of my fathers = one of my friendsanswer the telephone 接电话 be excited about 对感到激动、兴奋carry 搬，运，提，无方向性 bring带来 take 带走 get / fetch取（往返过程） 形容词+ness=名词kind + ness= kindness, sad+ ness= sadness, ill + ness=illness , fair+ ness= fairnesshappy+ness= happinesstrain: 名词，火车动词，培训，训练 train sb/sth to do sth 训练某人或某物干某事 train sb / sth in 在方面训练某人 training 名词 培训，训练send sb sth = send sth to sb 把寄给/送给某人change ones life 改变某人的生活 change作为动词，改变；作名词，意为零钱 ： Here is your change.这是你的找钱。be interested in = take an interest in对感兴趣 （interest 作为名词，可数，复数interests）擅长 do well in = be good at = be strong in work out fine 效果显著unit 3 Could you please clean your room?提出礼貌请求的句型：Could you (please) do sth？肯定回答：Yes, sure./ Certainly/Of course/No problem / All right / OK 等。 否定回答：No, I cant./ Sorry, I cant./ Im afraid I cant等否定结构是：Could you please not do sth? 请求对方许可的句型： Could I / we do sth? (不用Please) 肯定答： Yes, you can. 否定答： No, you cant.do the dishes洗碗 sweep the floor扫地 take out the rubbish倒垃圾make the bed整理床铺fold the clothes叠衣服 clean the living room打扫客厅 get a ride搭便车 give sb a ride让某人搭便车 stay out late深夜不归 go out for dinner外出吃饭take out 拿出，取出 Take out your English books.work on从事 He is working on a new book.他正在从事一本新书的写作。finish doing sth完成干某事 any minute now= any moment now= any time now随时，马上two hours of TV is enough 时间，距离，金钱，度量作主语，常看作一个整体，谓语动词用三单形式如： Twenty years is a long time.mess名词，杂乱，不整洁 ，常构成短语： in a mess messy 形容词，杂乱的，不整洁的be angry with sb生某人的气 be angry at / about sth因某事而生气solve the problem解决问题 answer the question回答问题come home from school放学回家 come home from work下班回家throw 扔，掷，动词，过去式是threw throw down扔下throw at 向扔 （有恶意） throw sth to sb = throw sb sth扔给某人某物throw away 扔掉 throw about到处乱扔 Dont throw about rubbish.the minute = the moment= as soon as 一就.，引导时间状语从句，注意“主将从现”I will meet her the minute she gets off the plane.Please call me as soon as you arrive there.as as possible = asas sb can 尽可能. 如：as early as possible尽可能早 as soon as possible尽可能快come over过来，顺便来访 My friend will come over to my house tomorrow.take the dog for a walk = walk the dog 遛狗 all the time一直，频繁，反复anger 名词，愤怒-angry 形容词，愤怒的-angrily 副词，愤怒地 walk away走开as +形容词或副词原级+as 和.一样 not as as / not so as 不如，不及English is as important as math. 英语和数学一样重要 English is not as important as math. 英语不如数学重要neither 两者都不，是both反义词 ，作为代词，常和介词of连用，neither of 后面的名词常为复数，但谓语动词用三单形式（在一些非正式的情况下，也会用复数）Neither of the parents knows English.neither A nor B 既不也不 连接两个名词做主语，就近原则： Neither he nor I am right.适用就近原则的有： Neither A nor B; either A or B; Not only A but also BBoth A and B连接两个名词作主语，谓语用复数。neither+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主： A不，B也不（前面一种否定情况同样适用于后者）Jane doesnt like English, neither do I . (这里的neither可以换成nor)Jane cant swim, neither can I.( Nor can I )so +be 动词/助动词/情态动词+ 主： A， B 也（前面一种肯定情况同样适用于后者）Jane likes English, so do I . Jane can swim , so can I. so+ 主+ be动词/助动词/情态动词： A， A的确如此（前后两个句子讨论同一个人）Jane likes English, so she does. Jane can swim, so she can.in surprise吃惊地，好奇地，惊讶地 hang out闲逛 pass sth to sb = pass sb sth把递给某人 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb把借给某物借： borrow 借进，借入 borrow from 从借 lend (过去式lent) 借出 lend sth to sb = lend sb sth 表示借东西借了多久，用keep: How long can I keep the book? You can keep it for 2 weeks.when &while: when 引导时间状语从句，从句的动词通常都是非延续性动词，有时也会用延续性动词，从句的时态通常是一般过去时，一般现在时 while引导时间状语从句，从句的动词通常都是延续性动词，从句的时态通常都是进行时或现在时此外，while还有“而”的含义，表示前后的对比： He likes English while I like math.invite sb to sp邀请某人去某地 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去干某事 look through浏览make sb do sth使某人干某事(这里的do是不带to的不定式)，类似的有：let sb do/have sb dostress不可数名词，压力 be stressed out压力太大waste: 名词 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money浪费金钱 动词 Dont waste paper. 形容词，废弃的 Dont pour waste water into the river.四个“花”1.spend人作主语，常用结构： spend time/ money on sth She spent a lot of money on clothes. spend time/ money (in) doing sth I spent 2 hours doing my homework last night.2. cost 物作主语 The book cost me 20yuan.3. pay 付钱，常和for连用 She paid 200yuan for this meal.4. take, 常用于it takes (took) sb some time to do sth It took me 2 hours to finish my homework last night. get into a college = get into a university上大学 there is no need for sb to do sth某人没有必要干某事 Its ones job to do sth干某事是某人的工作Its teachers job to teach students.Its ones duty to do sth干某事是某人的职责 Its our duty to care for the old people.provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth They provided a house for him. = They provided him with a house.anyway反正 Sam didnt get the job, but hes not unhappy because it didnt pay well anyway. 无论如何，不管怎样Its just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.in order to +do 为了干某事 In order to catch the early bus, he got up at 5:00.in order not to do为了不要干某事 In order not be late again, he got up early .in order that+句子=so that 引导目的状语从句 He got up early in order that he can catch the bus.depend on 依靠，信赖 You cant always depend on your parents. 取决于 Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否去野营取决于天气。 develop 动词，发展，壮大，培养 The small village developed into a famous city. develop childrens independence培养孩子们的独立性developed形容词，发达的 developed country发达国家developing形容词，发展中的 developing country发展中国家development 名词 ，发展 The development in our hometown is surprising.fair 形容词，公平的，合理的 fairness 名词，公正性，合理性 unfair形容词，不公平的independence名词 独立性 independent形容词，独立的since 因为，既然Since everyone is here, lets start now.既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧。 自从以来 I have lived here since I was born.自从我出身以来，我一直住在这里。pick up捡起，开车接某人 play a part (role) in (doing) sth参与到做某事 take an active part in积极参加have no idea=dont know不知道 take care of = look after = care for 照顾，照料 take good care of = look afterwell 好好照顾 as a result结果，因此 fell ill 生病 drop-dropped-dropped-dropping落下，掉下，下降 the grades