2022年高中虚拟语气讲解与专项练习一 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中（即两个人面对面讲话，用的不是现在时态而是过去式） 。如：.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？.It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用 “may+ 动词原形 ” 表示祝愿、但愿，此时may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。、 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！、 May you be happy! 祝你快乐！、 May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！、 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。、 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。、 May you be happy. ( 注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。2、用动词原形 。例如：(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！(2).“God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说： “ 愿上帝保佑你！”(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！三、表示强烈愿望。 （该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s” ）(1).God save me(2).Heaven help us四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是 you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如： work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上 not。(1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! ( 虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Dont be afraid. ( 口语中常用dont 代替 do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如：(1).Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。(2).Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一部分：宾语从句 (Subordinate Clasue) 中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一） 、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。 其句子结构为： 宾语从句的谓语be 和 were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：1. I wish (that 可省略 ,下同 )I knew the answer to the question. (wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. (wish, were) 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were) 但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes, 过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二） 、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用 wish 表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为： 宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或 would, could, might+ 现在完成时 。注意： wish 这个单词的时态是很灵活的。例：1. I wish (that 可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去 ) 3. We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)( 事实上已迟了 ) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)( 事实上并不如此) 例题分析： I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept 解析：动词 wish 后面接从句， 表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词 have 用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以 , 选项 A)could have slept 是答案。三） 、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：从句动词 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 (时间上较后 ) (请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用 wish 表示对将来事情的愿望。例：1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+ 动词原形 stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起) 四） 、注意：1.如果将 wish 改为过去式wished, 其后 that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。2. 如果 that 从句中用 would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 练习一：1.The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 3. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 4. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 5. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 6. If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 7. If I _ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested 10. Janes uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 11. Don t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 12. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 13. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn t tried C. have tried D. didn t try 14. He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written 15. The man insisted that he _ there. A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent 16. If he had not gone out in the storm _. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now 17. If it _ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 18. It is required that you _ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 19. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 20. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _. A. was far away B. had been far away C. were far away D. went far away. 21. If it _ rain, we _ get wet. A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should 22. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 23. But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载24. _ today, he would get there for holiday. A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves 25. I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. A. didnt know B. hadn t know C. would have known D. haven t known 26. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go 27. It seems as if it _ rain. A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were going to 28. Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 29. He is working hard for fear that he _. A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail 30. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry 31. Supposing I _ this gift, what would he say? A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept 32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 34. He insisted that he _ me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw 35. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 36. We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost 37. - I thought you would come back tomorrow. - I would if I _ to attend a meeting. A. don t have B. didn t have C. will not have D. would not have 38. He wishes _ mistakes. A. he doesnt always make B. he isn t always making C. he didnt always make D. he wouldn t always making 39. It _ very nice if only it were possible. A. will be B. would be C. is D. were 40. Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. won t win B. will lose C.wouldn t have won D. can t win 41. I wish I _ what to do. A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know 42. _, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 43. If I had hurried, I _ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 44. He insisted that John _ it. A. do B. does C. did D. would do 45. It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 46. He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载47. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 48. James wishes he _ the football game instead of the film. A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen 49. I wish _. A. he left B. he leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me alone 50. If I had known that, I _ so. A. wouldn t do B. wouldn t have done C. won t do D. have not done 51. The doctor suggested that she _. A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke 52. If I _ you, I wouldn t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were 53. You talk as if you _ there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be 54. He suggested that the work _ at once. A. would started B.would be started C.should started D. should be started 55. It is strange that such a thing _ in your school. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened 56. It is imperative that you _ on time. A. are B. will be C. be D. would be 57. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went 58. It is time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum 59. If the doctor had been available, the child _. A. would not die B. would not have died C. could not die D. could not have died 60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he _. A. never had felt tired B. had never felt tired C. never felt tired D. was tired never 虚拟语气专项练习一参考答案1.A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B 21.B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. B 60.B 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -