2022年虚拟语气 .pdf

1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气的特点?1. 虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事实的观念。?2. 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。?3. 这些特点决定了它必须使用不同于真实句的动词形式。一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p. 现在一般过去时would/could/should/might +V .（原）将来1.一般过去时2. were to do 3.should+V 原would/could/should/might +V 原1.If I had H1N1, I would know because I would feel sick and have a fever. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.（与现在事实相反）3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn t have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldn t have happened.（与过去事实相反）5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn t go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.(与将来事实相反) 二：虚拟语气特殊句型：1. wish 后的宾语从句从句动作先于主句动作发生：过去完成时I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.从句动作与主句动作同时发生：过去时（were）I wish I were a bird.将来不大可能实现的愿望：would/could/might+V We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 2. 表示要求 ,命令 ,建议的宾语从句的虚拟语气一个坚持insist 两个命令order, command 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 三个建议advise, suggest, propose 四个要求demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用(should) + 动词原形The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news. 注意 : 如 suggest, insist不表示 “ 建议 ” 或“ 坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“ 暗示、表明 ” 、“ 坚持认为 ” 时,宾语从句用陈述语气。1. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that she_ (send) to hospitals at once. 2. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 3. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill. 3. would rather 后的宾语从句与过去事实相反过去完成时与现在事实相反过去时与将来事实相反过去时I would rather you could teach me again. I would rather_. （ they came tomorrow ）我宁愿他们明天来。The manager would rather that his secretary_. （went to the meeting instead of him ）经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。4. 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion ， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision,demand,request等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用(should)原形动词。另外连接从句的that 不能省略。例：My suggestion is that we （should） go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we （should ）put on a play at the English evening? My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 5. 主语从句（ 1）It s necessary/strange/natural/ important/ a pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 主语从句中的动词要用虚拟 , 即(should)+动词原形 ,that 不省略It is strange that_. he ( should ) say so 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。It is a great pity that_. (he ( should ) think so) 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。It is natural that_. (a bird ( should ) rest in trees) 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。It is necessary that_. (he be sent to Beijing right away) （ 2） It is suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / arranged etc. that-clause 主语从句要使用虚拟语气，即 (should)+动词原形， that 不省略。如：It s suggested that the plan be carried out. It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away. 根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。It is arranged that he_. (leave for Canada on Friday) 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。It is suggested that_. (the English evening be held on Saturday) 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 三虚拟语气的其他用法1. 在 as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：注：as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大， 就要用正常时态来描绘。例如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来象要下雨。 （下雨的可能性很大。 ）It looks as if I am going to be busy. 如果表示非真实情况则应用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式wish 后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时从句动作先于主句动作发生过去完成时如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner. They talked as if they had been good friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. He looks as if he were drunk. 2. 由 if only （要是 ，那该多好啊！ ）时态与wish 后的宾语从句一样。If only I had passed the test ！If only it stopped raining ！比较 if only 与 only if only if 表示 只有 ； if only 则表示 如果 , 就好了。 If only 也可用于陈述语气。I wake up _the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。_the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。_he came early.但愿他早点回来。3. It is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should 不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed. It is high time that_. 该是我们吃午饭的时候了。It is time that_. 该是他作出决定的时候了。4. without 和 but for 构成虚拟 . but for( 要不是 ) Without sunlight, peop le s life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn t have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. 四虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。(“各归各”的原则）If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing better. If you had followed the teacher s advice, you wouldn t be in the hospital. 五虚拟条件句倒装。条件从句中有should， were， had 三个助动词可以把if 省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up. - Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn t have got over the difficulties.- Were it not for your advice, we couldn t have got over the difficulties.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - If I had had time, I would have run round the lake again. -Had I had time, I would have run round the lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? -Should there be a flood, what should we do? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -