2022年初中英语-介词专项 .pdf

1 介词一概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分, 介词短语= 介词 +介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）二、常用1、in 在.之内1) 表示地点，表示大地点。Shes in China with her mom and dad. 2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内The weather is cold in winter. 3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。Do you know the girl in red? I can write this article in English. 2、from 从.中来1) come from I come from China and Im Chinese. 2) download from I download music from the Internet. 3) be different from Lily s habits are different from Lindas. 3. with 和，用，与1) with sb 和.人在一起Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling. 2）with sth. 表示用某种工具I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes. 4. at 在. 1) 表地点，主小地点。My father is a teacher at Beijing International School. 2) 表时间，主指时间的一个点。I get up at half past seven in the morning. 3) be good at 擅长于. Iam good at reading and writing. 5. behind 在.后面The classrooms are behind the offices.6. next to 紧挨着The library is next to the classrooms. 7. in front of 在.前面They are in front of Tony and Daming. 8. for 为了.，因为。 。 。 。Thank you for your email. 9. on 在.上，在 .时1） 表示时间，表示具体的一天。Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday? 2） 表示地点on the farm on the playground 10. to 自，向1）talk to 与.谈论We have a break and I talk to my friends. 2) go to 去He likes films and he often goes to the cinema. 3）welcome to 欢迎到 . Welcome to Beijing Zoo. 4）listen to 听They always listen to music. 5）connect.to . 和.连接一起Please connect the monitor to the computer first. 介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, 表时间的介词by, in, on ,over, with 其他介词like, with, without, from, next, to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页2 三、 常用的介词的区别： in, to, on 在方位名词前的区别1. in 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之内，如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示 A 地在 B 地范围之外（有距离），如： Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示 A 地与 B 地接壤、毗邻，如： North Korea is on the east of China. . at, in, on, by 在表示时间上的区别1. at指时间表示：（1）时间的点、时刻等。They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten o clock, at daybreak ）. （2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。He went home at New Year （at Christmas, at the Spring Festival ）. 2. in 指时间表示：（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening （2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在以后”。He will arrive in two hours. （3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in 意为“在以内”。These products will be made in a month. 3. on 指时间表示：（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等, On Christmas Day there will be a party. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 8o clock on the night of Friday. （3）准时，按时。If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by指时间表示：（1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如： He will come by six oclock. （2）在间，在的时候。如： He worked by day and studied by night. . near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”时的区别1. near 表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by和 beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但 beside比 by 更具体地表示出“在旁边”的意思。He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river. 3. at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而 by 和 beside仅表示位置关系。如： The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in 和 on 表示地点时的区别1. at表示地点：（1）用于指较小的地方。arrive at，接小地方I will wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前。He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in 表示地点： arrive in 接较大地方He lives in Shanghai. 3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。The picture was hanging on the wall. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页3 . besides, except, but 表示“除外”之间的区别1. besides表示“除了以外，还有” ，具有附加性质。如：Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film. 注意： besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。如：We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如：We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生没去）3. but 意为“除了”，与 except同义，except强调被排除的部分， but 则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词 。Nobody knew it but me. . above, over, on, up 表示“在上”之间的区别1. above指“上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。There is a map on the wall. 4. up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如： Please stand up with, from, for, at表示原因的区别1. with 表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。The little girl was shivering with cold. 2. from 表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。She did it from a sense of duty. 3. for 常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。I do apologize for keeping you waiting. 4. at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。At the news they felt very glad. for 和 of 的用法区别试比较： Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me. 两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说 ,of 之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for 之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。by，with ，in 的用法区别by 表示以.的方式，方法，手段 和 乘某种交通工具 ；with 指借助于具体的手段或工具 ；in 表示以.方式，用语言，文字等媒介。I solved the problem by this way. I cut the apple with a knife. He speaks with us in English. after 和 in 的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间在以后 的意思。其区别是： after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。I went home after 10 oclock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页4 小试牛刀：一：用 by, beside, near, beyond 填空1.The little girl is sitting _ her mother. 2.There is a white car _ our school. 3.Many shops are _ our home. 4._ our city there is a river. 二：1.The post office is _ the police station and the library. A. between B. among C. in 2. I can t finish my work _ your help.A. with B. without C. in 3. Thank you _ _ me to have dinner. A. for invite B. of invite C. for inviting 4. Why are you standing, Alice? -I can t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me. A. behind B. next to C. in front of 5. If you do things _, usually you can t do them well.A. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now 6. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _ watching TV in the hotel. A. because of B. instead of C. together with 7. Your coat looks very nice. What s it made _?- Cotton, and it is made _ Wuhan. A. from, in B. of, in C. from, on 8. -When and where you born? -I was born _ October 1st, 1998 _ Suzhou. A. on, on B. in, in C. on, in 9. There will be many robots _ people s homes _ ten years.A. in, / B. in, in C. in, after 10. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr White. Why? -Because he was on duty. A. except B. besides C. except for 11. It s very kind _ them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me home.A. for B. to C. of 12. A UFO landed _ the Center Street. A. at B. on C. in 13. _ the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home. A. During, going B. In, go C. On, goes 24. Think it over _ you write the answer. A. before B. after C. on 答案：一： 1. by, 2. beside, 3. near, 4. beyond 二： 1.A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5A 6. B 7B 8 C 9 C 10A 11 C 12 B 13. A 14. A 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页5 勤加磨练：1. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work. A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in 2. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old. A.for B.to C.at D.as 3 .I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics. A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at 4. Nobody knows it _ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but 5. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for6. We go to school _ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove 7. Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me. A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of 8. Fresh air is good _ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to 9.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother. A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on 10.The PLA man saved the boy _ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on 11. He will come _ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later 12 He went to Beijing and returned _ three days. A. in B. before C. later D. after 13. He will return_ three oclock. A.after B.in C.on D.at 14 He wrote the article _ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by 15 I agree _ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at 16. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to 17. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at 18. Do you often hear_ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about 19.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with 20. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over 21. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History. A. across B. through C.by D.past 22.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop. A. across B. through C.by D.past 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页6 23. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People. A. across B. through C. past D.over 24. _ the sun, nothing would grow. . For B.With C. Under D. Without 25. The teacher is busy _ teaching. A.with B.for C.on D.of 26. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers. A. for B.in C.on D.of 27. We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon. A. on B.in C. during D.by 28. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late. A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about 29. My father was disappointed _ the news. A. by B. about C. at D. o30. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov. 5. A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from 31 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor. A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to 32. I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help. A. since B. unless C. because D. without 33. - Do you go there _ bus? - No, we go there _ a train. A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with 34. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li. A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in 35. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night. A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during 36. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French? A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 37. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -_1982. A. After B.In C.From D.Since 38. Did you have any trouble _ the post office? A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding 39.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it. A.about B.with C.for D.of 40. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian. A. in B.at C.to D.on 41 His father will be back from London _ a few days. A.since B.in C.on D.after 42 .The word write has the same pronunciation _ the word right. 关系代词A. of B.as C.to D.from 43. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m. at the latest. A. at; until(延续) B. for; after C.at;by（瞬间） D. before; around44. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday. A. on/ throughB. on/toC. from/toD. on./till 45. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree. A. onB. atC. inD. besides 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页7 1-5DDCDB6-10BCBAB11-15CDABC16-20DABCD21-25ABCDA26-30B ADCC 31-35ADCCA 36-40CC DDD 41-45BBCBBC （应到 43 答案有误）初中英语常用介词短语1)at once 立刻2)at last 最后3)at first 起先，首先4)at the age of 在岁时5)at the end of 在之末6)at the beginning of在之初7)at the foot of在脚下8)at the same time 同时9)at night/noon 在夜里 /中午10)with ones help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助11)with the help of 在的帮助下12)with a smile 面带笑容13)with ones own eyes 亲眼看见14)after a while 过了一会儿15)from now on 从现在起16)from then on 从那时起17)far example 例如18)far away from 远离19)from morning till night 从早到晚20)by and by 不久21)by air mail 寄航空邮件22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车 /乘飞机 /火车/汽车23)by ordinary mail 寄平信24)by the way 顺便说25)by the window 在窗边26)by the end of 到底为止27)little by little 逐渐地28)in all 总共29)in fact 事实上30)in ones twenties 在某人二十几岁时31)in a hurry 匆忙32)in the middle of 在中间33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快34)in time (on time) 及时35)in public 公众，公开地36)in order to 为了37)in front of 在前面38)in the sun 在阳光下39)in the end 最后，终于40)in surprise 惊奇地41)in turn 依次42)of course 当然43)a bit (of) 有一点儿44)a lot of 许多45)a little 一点儿46)on ones way to 某人在去的路上47)on foot 步行，走路48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告49)on the other hand 另一方面50)at/on the weekend 在周末51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边52)on the other side of 在另一边53)on the radio 通过收音机 (无线电广播 ) 54)to ones joy 使高兴的是55)to ones surprise 使惊讶的是介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语1）.介词与动词搭配arrive inat 到达ask for 要，请求do well in 在方面做得好give in 投降go on 继续精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页8 hear from 收到来信hear of 听说helps B.with sth. 帮助做laugh at 嘲笑learn from 向学习talk to 与谈话take down 拿下，取了look at （有意识地）看speak to 对某人take away 拿走，带走think of 考虑，关心wait for 等候，等待turn onoff 打开（关上listen to 听look after 照顾，照看look for 寻找look like 看上去像get to 到达fill with 充满，装满begin with 以开始meet with 偶尔遇见，遭遇pass on 传递belong to 属于write to 写信给call on 号召，访问，邀请smile at 向微笑look out 向四下看，到处看2）.介词与名词搭配in time 及时in life 一生中on time 准时，按时in front of 在前面on foot 步行by bus 乘公共汽车at home 在家in English 用英语in the middle 在中间at night 在晚上at noon 在中午with a smile 带着微笑of course 当然（可以）in a hurry 匆忙，急忙in a minute 一会by the way 顺便说说问问at first 首先，起初at last 最后，终于at the meeting 在会上on one s way to 在的路上in the sun 在阳光下in a tree 在树上in surprise 惊奇地at once 立刻， 马上at the foot of 在脚下at all 压根儿at dinner 在吃正餐at the table 在桌子旁at work 在工作at school 在学校at the back of 在后面at the beginning of 在开始at the end of 在结尾at the same time 同时，然而by train 乘火车day by day 日复一日one by one 一个接一个in a word 总而言之，一句话in fact 事实上in the street 在街上in the end 最后，终于in no time 立刻，很快in order 按顺序，整齐， 正常in order to 为了，以便in the day 在白天in line 成一直线in a short while 不久in all 总共，总计in town 在城里on the leftright 在左右边on the one handon the other hand一方面另一方面on top of 在顶上in public 当众，公开地out of work 失业精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页9 3)介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配be made of由制成be angry with sb. 对某人生气be angry at sth. 为某事生气keep out of不让进入be tired of 讨厌厌倦be interested in对感兴趣be proud of以为自豪 /骄傲be full of 充满be sure of确信say hello to 向问好take part in参加break into 闯入take care of照顾，关心，保管be busy with忙于be strict with 对严格要求catch up with 跟上，赶上have nothing to do with与无关go to school上学go to bed sleep睡觉be kind to sb.对某人友好be used to习惯于4.看似相同，但意义有别的词组：1）.介词词组(1) at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（ =beside the desk ）(2) at desk在读书或做作业at the desk在书桌旁(3) at school在校上学（指学生）at the school在学校（指教职工）(4) in front of the bus 在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部 （在车上）(5) at sea在航海中at the sea在海边(6) by day 白天by the day按日，论日(7) in class在上课，在课内in the class在这个班(8) in red 穿着红色的衣服in the red负债，亏损(9) in hospital 住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院(10) in office 在办公，执政in the office 在办公室(11) in place of 代替，而不是in the place of在地方(12) in case of万一，如果in the case of就来说，至于(13) of age成年人of an age同龄人(14) out of office 离职out of the office 离开办公室2）含有介词的动词词组(1) come out of hospital （病好出院 come out of the hospital （因事）从医院里出来(2) come out of prison （刑满）释放 come out of the prison （因事）从监狱里出来(3) go to school去上学go to the school （因事）去学校(4) go to college上大学go to the/a college去一所学校（办事）(5) go to hospital 去住院go to the hospital（因事）去医院(6) go to sea当海员go to the sea去海边(7) go to court起诉go to the court （因事）去法庭(8) go to church做礼拜go to the church （因事）去教堂(9) keep house管理家务keep the house 守在家里(10) take place发生take the place代替精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页