2022年初中英语八年级下册Unit2知识点语法精讲精练 .pdf

Unit 2 ： Body language 重点短语：1:part-time job 兼职工作2:travel agency 旅行社3:be at work 在工作4:look up 抬头看；查阅5:glance at 扫一眼6:stare at 盯着看7:walk over to 走到 8:prefer to宁愿 而不愿9:body language 肢体语言10:get a chance to do sth. 得到机会做某事11:make a good impression on 留下好的印象12:hold up 抬头；耽误13:decide to do sth. 决定做某事14:smile at sb. 对某人微笑15:at once=right away 立刻，马上16:remind sb about/of sth 提醒某人某事17. Think it over. 考虑18:agree with sb 同意某人的意见19:work as+ 职业：做什么职业20:one another 互相（三者以上）21:during the summer holidays 22:instead of 代替，而不是23:look down 往下看，蔑视24. be angery with sb. 【注意区别】1） what does she look like? 用来询问一个人的外貌长相是怎么样的，表达外貌时，描述特征时用主系表结构，人体部分描述的谓语用 have/has连句子。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 24 页如-What does Jim look like? 吉姆长得怎么样？-He is very thin and tall. He has short hair. 拓展 -what is Lucy like? 露西性格怎么样？（what s like? 人怎么样）-Shes very friendly. 她很友好。2） That lady told him how to send it in the fastest and cheapest way. tell sb to do sth告诉某人去做某事。与tell 用法相似的词有：want /ask/advise/allow+sb. +to do sth. send 为动词，送给。send sb sth=send sth to sb 送给某人某物。3） Im looking forward to going to Sandys birthday party. looking forward to doing sth 表示 “ 期望做某事 ”to 为介词 。Eg: I m looking forward to meeting you.考点必记1:look up： “ 抬头，查询 ” ；类似单元：look like 看起来像look after 照看，照顾look for 寻找1ook over 检查身体look out 当心，小心look out of 向外看1ook forward to doing 渴望，盼望look at 看2:enter=come/go into 进入【特别注意： enter 是及物动词，后面不加介词】3:What s up?=Whats wrong?=Whats the matter?怎么了；出 毛病了4.decide to do sth=make a decision to do sth=decide on doing sth =make up one s mind to do sth决定做 Eg: I decide to improve my English. 5:She came to remind me that tomorrow is her birthday and she wanted toremind 作动词是 “ 使想起 ”，常用搭配有：1)remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事：Please remind me to wake her up. 2)remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事：The old photos remind me of those painful days. 6.excited 感到兴奋的，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。exciting 令人兴奋的，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。7.happy 开心的 , unhappy 不开心的 , happily (adv. ), happiness (n.) 不可数名词8.be surprised to do sth. 吃惊地做某事，be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 24 页be surprised+ that 从句 ;to ones s surprise令某人惊奇的是;in surprise 惊讶地。9.take place “发生，举行 ” ；没有被动语态。指事先安排好地、有计划地发生。happen “ 发生 ” 。指事情的发生往往带有“ 偶然性 ” 或“ 未能预见的 ” 。10.show sb sth=show sth to sb 给某人看某物on show 在展出show sb around 带领某人参观for show 为了炫耀show off 炫耀show up 显露11.look down 俯视look up 仰视look down on/upon sb 轻视，看不起12.person 可数名词， “ 人” 。personal 形容词 “ 个人的，私人的” 。personality 名词， “ 人品，人格 ” 。people 作“ 人” 讲时，是集合名词，表复数概念。作“ 民族 ” 时，是可数名词单数。a people 一个民族，peoples 多个民族。13.be friendly to sb. 对某人友好；be friendly with sb. 与某人很友好。municate with sb. 和某人交流； communicate sth to sb 传达某事给某人。15.too,also,either 都有 “ 也 ” 的意思， too 只能用于肯定句，一般用于句末；若作为插入语放在句中，其前后都有逗号。 also 常用于句中，用于肯定句。either 用于否定句中，放在句末。16.make sb do sth 使某人做某事Th moving story made us cry. be made to do sth 被迫去做某事I was made to stay at home yesterday. make sth to do sth 制作某物去做某事They made a fire to keep warm. make it +adj.+to do sth 使做某事 The Internet makes it easy ot look up information. make sb./sth.+adj. 使某人 /某物 Our teacher tries to make us interested in learning English. Our teacher tries to make her class interesting. 17.try doing sth 尝试去做try to do sth 尽力去做18.leave 剩下 ;遗忘某物在某地;离开。leave forgo to 前往某地19.wear/dress/put on/in 的区别1）put on，着重于 “ 穿” 这一动作，即由没穿到穿这一动作的完成，意为“ 穿上、戴上 ”后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 24 页2）wear “ 穿着；戴着 ” ，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。He seldom wears a watch. 他很少戴表。3）dress 可表示动作，常用人作宾语，不接“ 衣” 作宾语，意为 “ 给 穿衣服 ” 。在表示 “ 自己穿衣 ” 时可说get dressed （= dress oneself ） 。当 dress表示状态时，一般要用be dressed in形式。 dress up强调着意打扮，意为“ 穿上盛装、乔装打扮” 。例如：My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。It s time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮大衣。She always dresses well. 她总是打扮得很漂亮. 4）in 是介词，表示“ 穿着、戴着 ” 之意，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。He was in a new black coat. 他穿着黑色的新外套。The girl in red is my sister. 那个穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。20. keep+adj. 保持；keep (sb./sth.) doing sth. 使（某人、某物）一直做某事keep on doing反复做某事；keep.form doing sth. 阻止做某事21.other,the other,others, the others,another 的区别1)the other 指两者中的另一个，系特指，常与one连用。2)another 指三个以上的人或物中除去以知部分后“ 余下部分中的某一个” ，非特指。3)others 所指的是三个以上的人或物中除去以知部分后“ 余下部分中的某一些” ，非特指。4)the others 指三个以上的人或物中除去以知部分以后“ 余下部分中的全部” ，系特指。22.end with 以 结束start with 以 开始at the end of 在 结尾、尽头；in the end 最后；by the end of 到 末为止23.happen to sb 某人发生 What happened to you? happen to do sth 碰巧做某事I happened to see my friend in the shop. It happens that+ 从句“ 碰巧 ”It happened that I had no money yesterday. 【考点精讲】1:You look very happy.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 24 页look 在句中是系动词，意为“看起来”，后跟形容词作表语：类似用法的形容词还有：sound 听起来；smell闻起来；feel 摸起来；taste尝起来例如： The flowers smell sweet. That sounds interesting. It feels cold. 2: 交通工具前冠词的用法：1)by ship/sea/water; by plane/air; by like; by bus;by train; by underground2)但下面短语需要加冠词：take a bus 坐公车 ,in a boat 在船里 , on the bike.3:地点前面的冠词用法：原文： He will leave school next year. 【特别注意】go to school上学go to the school到这所学校（办事）be in hospital 住院be in the hospital 在这家医院里4:三餐前冠词的用法：1） 一日三餐前面不加冠词：have breakfast/lunch/supper(dinner) 2） 当三餐前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a/an: She always has a wonderful supper. 3）特指某顿饭时，要加定冠词the：The breakfast here costs $ 10. 5:关于“花费”单词的区别：主语过去式常用结构cost 物cost Sth costs sb money. take 物took It takes sb some time to do sth. spend 人spent Sb spends money/time on sth/doing sth pay 人paid Sb pays money for sth The coat cost me 50 yuan.=I spent 50 yuan on the coat=I spent 50 yuan buying the coat.=I paid 50 yuan for the coat. It takes me half an hour to go to school every day. 6: 如何描写一个人：问年龄 ：How old is he? 问长相 ：What does he look like? 问穿着 ：What does he wear? 问地址 ： Where does he live? 问职业 ：What does he do? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 24 页【考点精练】1:Is this photo of your daughter? She looks _in the pink dress! A: lovely B:quietly C:politely D:happily 2: Action movies _me of Jackie Chan A:remind B:think C:hear D:miss 3:-Lin Tao , why are you so_? -Because Wang Meng got three gold medals at the Winter Olymics. A: excited B:angry C:disappointed 4:-Lily is coming by _plane tomorrow. -Let s go to _airport to meet her. A: a; a B:/; a C:the; the D:/; the 5:There s _800-metre long road behind _hospital. A: an; an B; a; a C:an; the D:a; the 6:They often take _walk after dinner A: a B:/ C; the D; an 7:How much does the ticket _from Shanghai to Beijing? A: cost B:took C:spend D:pay 8:-What do you think of your English teacher? -I love her. She is really_, She always has a smile on her face. A: outgoing B:funny C:friendly D:serious 9:-_does Clark look like? -He is tall and has brown hair. A: What B: How C:Who 10:We are all looking forward to _more than HK 6,500 for the Oxfam. A; raise B: raising C:be raised D:being raised 11:Taking buses in Beijing is _than taking a taxi. A; more cheap B:much cheaper C: a little cheap D; less cheaper 12:Tian anmen Square is one of _squares in the world. A; large B:larger C:largest D; the largest 13:-Did you have a wonderful time at the party? -Yes, it s _one I ve ever been to before. A; a more excited B; a more exciting C; the most excited D:the most exciting 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 24 页14:Certainly he apologized. _,I wouldn t forgive him. A: But B:So C:However D:And 15:-What is your mother going to do this Saturday? -I m not sure. She _go to see my grandmother. A:can B; must C:may Unit 2 Body Language Lesson 1 短词归纳body language 肢体语言go forward 向前走shake hands 握手hi, there 你好wave at 向 挥手point at 指向look like 看起来像go over 复习；过去重点难点全讲1shake hands 握手shake hands with sb.= shake sb. by the hand = shake one s hande.g. In China, when people meet together, they like shaking hands. 在中国，当人们见面时， 他们喜欢握手。2wave (1) n. 可数名词：波，波浪，挥手e.g. The waves were beating on the shore. 浪涛拍岸。She gave a wave as she left the house. 她离开家的时候挥手告别。(2) v. 摇，挥动，挥手告别wave at/ to sb. 向某人挥手e.g. Martin waved us goodbye. 马丁向我们挥手告别。She waved at him. 她向他挥手。3point (1) n. 可数名词：尖，尖端，特别，分数，意义，目的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 24 页e.g. Do you have a pencil with a sharper point? 你有更尖一点的铅笔吗？(2) v. 指，指向， point at 在近距离的情况下使用，除去明确的位置外，通常有不礼貌的含义；point to / toward 指由于距离比较远而指出方向，明确位置；point out 指出要点或错误e.g. He pointed at the book he wanted. 他指着他想要的那本书。He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said: “Thats my home. ”他指着河对面的房子说：“那是我的家。 ”The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. 老师指出我作业里的许多错误。4forward adv. 向前e.g. We go on walking forward. 我们继续向前走。5just adv. 正好，恰巧，仅仅只是，刚才e.g. That is just what I want to know. 那正是我想知道的。He is just a child. 他只是个孩子。He is just out of hospital. 他刚刚出院。just now 刚才e.g. He left his room just now. 刚才他离开了他的房间。单词释义1wave v. (of a person) move one s hand to and fro or up and down, in order to attract sb s attention 挥手，招手2point v. direct people s attention at sb./ sth.By extending one s finger towards him/it, or by using any similar sign or indicator, show the position or direction of sb./ sht. 指向，指出3forward adv. Towards the front or end, into a prominent position 向前4just adv. exactly 正好词语辩析1point at / point to / point out 的区别point at 习惯上指向离说话人较近的事情，意为“指着”，at 是介词着重指的对象；point to 多用于表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to 也是介词，着重于指的方向；point out 表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误意为“指出”，out 是副词。e.g. Don t point at the words while you are reading. 读书时不要用手指着字。He pointed to a tower on the distant horizon. 他指向远处地平线上的一座塔。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 24 页If have made a mistake, please point it out for me. 如果我犯了错误，请为我指出来。2stop doing sth./ stop to do sth. 的区别stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）；stop to do sth. 停下来做某事（停下正在做的事情，然后去做另一件事。 ）e.g. Please stop talking. 请停止讲话。Youd better stop to have a rest. 你最好停下来休息一会儿。疑难解析1Stop! Don t go forward. 停，不要向前走了。（1）go forward 向前走（2）stop! n. 可数名词：停车站e.g. They are waiting at the bus stop. 他们正在公共汽车站等着。v. 停止，阻止，stop doing sth. 停止做某事；stop to do sht. 停下来去做某事；stop sb./ sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止做e.g. You must stop singing this song. It s too noisy. 你必须停止唱这首歌，太吵了。He stopped to listen to her talking. 他停下来听她讲话。The heavy snow stopped them(from) coming to the party. 那场大雪阻止他们前来参加聚会。2Hi, there 嗨，你瞧there interj 用以表示胜利、沮丧、鼓励等e.g. There! What did I tell you? 瞧！我想我说什么了？3He looks just like Andy Lan. 他看起来就像安迪刘。look just like看起来就像e.g. The cat looks just like his daughter. 这只猫看起来就像他的女儿一样。4He s shaking his head. 他正在摇头。shake：shakeshakes shakingshookshaken. (1) v. 动摇，摇动，震动，抖动e.g. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前把瓶子摇一摇。(2) 握（手）e.g. He is shaking hands with his friends. 他正在和他的朋友们握手。5How do you say “Look” using body language? 你如何用肢体语言说“看”？say v. 意为“说”，后接说话的内容常与“speak, tell, talk”等词进行比较，speak后接语言，表示说话，讲某种语言；tell 指“告诉，讲述，叙述”等，常用短语有tell sb. sth.或 tell sth. to sb.; talk 为交谈，不及物精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 24 页动词， talk to / with sb. “与交谈” ，后接与之交谈的对象，talk about sth. “谈论” ，后接谈论的内容。e.g. Please say hello to him. 请向他问好。I can speak a little English. 我能说一点英语。My grandma often tells stories to me. 我的奶奶经常给我讲故事。What are they talking about? 他们正在谈论什么？The teacher likes talking with her students. 这个老师喜欢和她的学生交谈。Lesson 2 短词归纳make mistakes with sth. 在某方面出错show sb. sth. 向某人展示某物can t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事have to do sth. 不得不做某事be rude 很粗鲁go away 离开stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事do sth. by oneself 由某人自己做sth. Very common 很平常的事be different 不同for example 例如重点难点全讲1rude adj. 粗鲁的，无理的；rudeness n. 粗鲁；反义词polite adj. 有礼貌的e.g. It is rude to make noise in public. 在公共场所制造噪音是很粗鲁的。What a rude reply! 多么粗鲁的回答啊！2mistake (1) n. 错误，可数名词，make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误； by mistake 错误的e.g. Be careful, don t make mistakes in your exam. 仔细些，考试中不要犯错误。My twin sister put on my coat by mistake. 我的双胞胎妹妹错穿了我的外套。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 24 页(2) v. 弄错，误解mistake sth. for sth. 错把当作e.g. They mistook him for his brother. 他们错把他当作他的哥哥。3common adj. 常见的，普通的；反义词uncommon, special common knowledge 常识， in common 共同的，共有的，a common mistake 一个常见错误e.g. This kind of fruit is common in North China. 这种水果在中国北方很常见。4everywhere adv. 到处，处处e.g. I ve looked everywhere. 我各处都看过了。有时可用everywhere 与 here and there进行同义句转换e.g. We can see beautiful flowers everywhere=We can see beautiful flowers here and there. 我们在各处都能看到美丽的花。5mean v. 意指，意味着；n. meaning 意思What does sth. mean? = What s the meaning of sth.? = What do you mean by sth. ?某物是什么意思？6strange adj. 奇怪的，奇妙的，陌生的，不熟悉的e.g. She was startled by a strange voice. 她被一个奇怪的声音吓了一跳。The place is strange to me. 这个地方我不熟悉。词语辨析1surprise / surprising / surprised 的区别surprise n. 与不同介词构成介词短语，in surprise“惊讶的，吃惊的” ，to ones surprise“使某人惊讶的是”，两个短语都是介词短语作状语；v.使（人） 感到惊讶， 后面可以直接加宾语；surprising adj. 令人惊讶的，作定语后接名词，也可以作表语，指物；surprised 多作表语，后面可接不定式和从句，指人。e.g. Tom looked at me in surprise. 汤姆惊讶地望着我。He gave me some surprising news. 他给我带来一些令人惊讶的消息。His progress surprised me. 他的进步使我感到惊讶。I was surprised to see him there. 我万万没想到会在那见到他。2can t help doing sth. / can t help do sth. 的区别can t help doing sth. 意为“情不自禁做某事”；can t help do sth.意为“不能帮助做某事”e.g. When he saw his friend, he couldn t help crying. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 24 页当他看到他的朋友，他忍不住大哭起来。Tom is too busy, he cant help mend the bike. 汤姆太忙了，他不能帮助修理自行车。疑难解析1I want to show you my new backpack. 我想给你看看我的新背包。show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物e.g. Please show me your book. = Please show your book to me. 请给我看看你的书。2Go away! Don t look at your birthday surprise. 走开！不要看你的生日惊喜。（ 1）go away 走开 , go away from从离开（走开）e.g. He went away from his friend. 他从他的朋友身边走开。（ 2）surprise n. 不可数名词， 惊奇，诧异， to one s surprise 使感到惊讶的是，do sth. in surprise惊讶地做某事e.g. To my surprise, the plan succeed. 令我惊讶的是，计划竞争成功了。He is looking at his father in surprise. 他正惊讶地看着他的父亲。v. 使吃惊，使感到惊讶e.g. The news surprised us all. 这消息使我们大家都吃了一惊。3I can t help breathing, my body does it by itself. 我情不自禁地呼吸，我的身体本身就会呼吸。（ 1）can t help doing“忍不住做” ， “help”愿意是“帮助” ，我们常用help sb.(to) do 来表示帮助某人做某事，在这里“help”后接动名词doing 形式，意思也发生改变。（ 2）by oneself = alone = on one s own单独，独自e.g. We can finish the work by ourselves. = We can finish the work alone. = We can finish the work on our own. 我们能自己完成这项工作。4Everywhere means every place. 到处意思是说每个地方。mean v. 有时可以和它的名词meaning 所构成的句子进行同义句转换e.g. The sign means“No Smoking ”.= The meaning of the sign is “ No Smoking ” .这个标志的意思是“禁止吸烟”。5She is a great student. For example, she always does her homework. 她是一个好学生。 例如，她总是写作业。for example “例如”，一般指以同类事物或人中的一个为例作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句尾； such as 也作“例如”讲，用来列举同类事物或人中的几个例子。e.g. I have many hobbies. For example, I like swimming very much. 我有许多爱好。例如，我非常喜欢游泳。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 24 页Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。6Do you need to use body language here? 在这里你需要使用肢体语言吗？need v. 需要，有必要，need to do sth. 需要做某事（表示主动）e.g. I don t think you need to worry about this. 我认为你不必担心这件事。7I will say something very common. 我将说一些常见的事情。something 是不定代词， common 是形容词，当形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词的后面，常见的不定代词有someone, somebody, something, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing 等等，另外不定代词作主语时，谓语动词为单数。e.g. I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事告诉你。There isn t anything interesting in the book. 在这本书里没有有趣的东西。I would like something to eat. 我想要一些吃的