2022年动词时态语态专项 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载动词时态语态专项（教师用）动词谓语动词时态、语态虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词语态时态主动被动一般现在时v. /v.s am /is /are + Vp.p 一般过去时ved was / were + Vp.p 一般将来时will + v. will be + Vp.p 过去将来时would + v. would be + Vp.p 过去完成时had + Vp.p had been + Vp.p 现在完成时have /has + Vp.p have /has been + Vp.p 将来完成时will have + Vp.p will have been + Vp.p 现在进行时am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p 过去进行时was /were + Ving was /were + being + Vp.p 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载各种时态的具体用法：一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作） 或存在的状态， 句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day 等时间状语。1. 经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A .will play B. have played C. played D. play 2. -_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen 3. We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside. A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get 2. 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served -The girl _ weight recently. -Yes , she _ too much. A. has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats 3. 按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等一般现在every , sometimes, at , on Sunday现在进行now, 现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as一般将来next , tomorrow, in过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. I ll put them in the cupboard.A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken I ve brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr. Green? -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 5. 用以 here ，there等开头的倒装句，表示动作正在进行. Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. Exercises: 1. Jim. You d better go home now. OK! I will go home as soon as I _ my homework. A. will finishB. finishingC. finish D. finishes 2. We will climb the hill if it _ tomorrow. A. doesn t rain B. isn t raining C. wont rain D. will rain 3. Whats wrong with these noodles? It _ terrible. A. is tasting B. was tasted C. tastesD. tasting 4. Have you heard of the story of Holi? It _ like this: there is a bad king whoA. tells B. comes C. goes D. says 5. When _ your mother _ to work every day, Mary? Sorry, I really cant remember.A. does; go B. has; gone C. had; gone D. did; go 【答案与解析】1. C。2. A。3. C。4. C。5. A。二、一般过去时一般过去时主要用于表示过去时间，句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等时间状语。2 一般过去时的用法1）表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态. 1. -Look! Someone has spilt （溢出） coffee on the carpet. （地毯）-Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasn t C. hasn t been D. hadn t been2. -I ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she do esnt like sweet things. _ that?A. Dont you know B. Haven t you known C. Didn t you know D. Hadn t you known3. -Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes, but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载2）表示过去某一段时间里反复发生的动作或存在的状态. I often swam in the river When I was a child. 3） 表示两个紧接着发生的动作， 常由以下词语连接， 用一般过去时。 如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. Exercises: 1. When _ your mother _ back? About half an hour ago. A. did；comeB. had; come C. do; come D. have; come 2. Betty _ to school yesterday because she was ill. A. isn t comeB. didn t comeC. comes D. doesn t3. _ you _ take a bus to school? Yes. But now I usually go to school on foot. A. Were; used to B. Did; used to C. Do; used to D. Did; use to 4. When _ your mother _ you that blue dress, Mary? Sorry, I really cant remember.A. does; buy B. has; boughtC. had; bought D. did; buy 5. Who told you to take some cameras? Our teacher _. She said we need to take many photos. A. does B. has C. had D. did 【答案与解析】1. A2. B3. D。4. D。5. D。三、一般将来时英语动词表示将来时间有多种形式， 其共同特点是句中常有表示见来时间的状语， tomorrow, next week, in a week 一般将来时态的结构： shall/will +V 原形. 1. shall/will +V 原形，表示客观上将要发生的动作或事情的必然性. We shall go boating on Sunday. The term will be over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks. 2. shall/will +V 原形，表示预料将要发生的动作或情况. As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of interesting people. 3. come、go、start、arrive、leave等短暂性动词，常用现在进行时表示按计划，安排将要发生的动作 . When are the Smiths leaving for London? 4. 一般将来时的其它表达方法： be going to 常用于表示按照计划或决定要做的事情。还可以表示说话者根据现在的现状或征兆“预测”不久将要发生的事. The play is going to be produced next month. We are going to get to the top of the Eiffel Tower this afternoon. 【例题】 -The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it. A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to 【例题】-Alice, why didn t you come yesterday? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be to do 表示计划中约定的或按职责义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作，有很强的计划性 . The president is to visit China next week. You are to arrive there tomorrow. 你明天必须到达那里 . be about to do 表示不久将要发生的动作，一般不与具体的时间状语连用. The plane is about to take off. Be quiet, please. The game is about to start. 一般现在时表示将来 , 特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow. ( 尽管有 tomorrow, 但没有 will ,be going to ) Exercises: 1. The TV show Home with Kids is so wonderful. You shouldnt miss it. If I have time, I _ it. A. seeB. saw C. will seeD. have seen 2. When I grow up, I _ to make my parents live happily. A. try B. tried C. will try D. have tried 3. You have left with the lights on in your classroom, Jim. Oh, I am sorry. I _ to turn then off right now. A. wouldB. have gone C. will goD. go 4. Don t worry. I _ you as soon as I finish my work. A. helpB. will helpC. helpedD. was helping 5. Mr. Smith _ us a talk on computer games next Monday. A. give B. gave C. has given D. is going to give 【答案与解析】1. C。2. C。3. C。4. B5. D。四、现在进行时进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情，句中常用now, at this moment等时间状语连用。结构： be+Ving. 1表示说话时正在进行的动作或持续存在的动作或状态。Listen！The phone is ringing. Please go to answer it. 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。We are working in a factory these days. 【例题】 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change 【例题】 Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has 【例题】 My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before I ve none in hand. A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out 【例题】 I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载注意：现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。We re moving to the new building next week. 现在进行时与 always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。You are always forgetting the important things. 【例题】You _things about . Look, what a mess in you room! A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always been thrown 【例题】 You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching 3有些词不用于进行时态：表示“ 存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情” 等状态存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain 所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound(听起来 )， look /seem /appear ( 看起来 )，(看起来 ), smell （闻起来）, taste （尝起来） ,feel (摸起来 ) ， see , hear , 认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think 情感： like, love, hate , prefer, Exercises: 1. listen! Who _ the piano in our classroom? I think it must be our music teacher. A. plays B. is playingC. is play D. played 2. Many children like eating some snacks while they _ interesting cartoons on TV. A. watching B. are watching C. watch D. is watch 3. Hello! Is that John speaking? Sorry. This is Henry. John _ supper. A. is cookingB. cooked C. cooks D. cooking 4. Keep quiet, please. Your father _ in the bedroom. OK, Mum. A. sleep B. sleepingC. is sleepingD. sleeps 5. Do you often hear your mother _ in your room? Yes. Listen! She _ in her bedroom now. A. singing; singing B. is singing; singing C. sing; is singing D. sing; sings 【答案与解析】1. B。2B3. A。4. C。5. C。五、过去进行时态结构： was/were +Ved. 1表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语 （从句） ，或由上下文表示。【例题】 -Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, I m terribly sorry. _. A. I m not noticing B. I don t noticing C. I haven t noticing D. I wasn t noticing 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载【例题】 -Hey ,what did I say? -I _. A. I m not listening B. I was not listening C. I don t listened D. I didn t listen 2. 表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。【例题】 -Why didn t you join us last night? -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States. A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching 【例题】 -Why weren t you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been 【例题】 Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are, expect B. were, had expected C. will be, are expecting D. have been , were expecting 3. 在简单句中有 at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 o clock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time. A.has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 特别注意：与 always 连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key. Exercises: 1. What _ you _ at seven last night? Oh, I was watching TV. A. did；doB. is；doing C. are；doing D. were；doing 2. My mother _ when I got home. A. cook B. cooksC. cooked D. was cooking 3. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is makingC. was making D. makes 4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell 【答案与解析】1. D。2D。3. C。4. B 4. 注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。 （信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写， 不一定写完）1. -Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载2. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell 3. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 4. -I m sorry, I shouldnt have been so rude to you.-You _ your temper but thats OK.A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. 六、现在完成时现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或还要延续下去，句中常用： since, for, yet, already表示的一段时间状语连用。结构： have/has+ 过去分词 . 1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语， 有时有时间状语。常与already, yet, just, by this time等连用 . They have cleaned the classroom. They have met each other already. 2表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。常与表一段时间的状语连用 . He hasn t given me any more trouble since then. 【例题】 -When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was 【例题】Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left, worked 【例题】 Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become 【例题】-How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didn t feel B. wasn t feeling C. don t feel D. haven t felt 2. 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 3. It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时） ；It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时）。It is the first time that I ve been here. It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. Exercises: 1. Tony, _ you _ smoking? Yes. Drinking tea is my favorite now. A. will; stopB. did; stopC. would; stopD. have; stopped 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载2. Mr. Smith speaks Chinese very well. He _ in China since 2000. A. has stayed B. stays C. is staying D. stayed 3. Why wont you go to the movie with me? Because I _ it twice. A. seeB. will seeC. sawD. have seen 4. I _ my father since I left my village. I miss him very much. A. didn t see B. haven t seen C. wont see D. am seeing 5. Where is your father, Mary? He _ Beijing with my mother. A. has been toB. has gone toC. had wentD. went 【答案与解析】1. D。2. A。3D。4B。5. B。七、过去完成时表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作和状态。结构： had+过去分词 . 1 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“ 过去的过去 ” 。The film had already begun when I got there. by the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 2. 用于 hardly/scarcely/barely when; no sooner than （一.就）等句子中，主句的谓语用过去完成时. Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining. 3. 表示原打算做某事但并未做成，常见的此类用法的动词有hope，want，mean ，suppose ，intend，plan，think，expect等. Bill had hoped to retire at 60，but they persuaded him to stay on for a few more years. I had intended to be there on time. Exercises: 1. The film _for ten minutes when we got to the cinema.A. have already been on B. had already begun C. had already been on D. have already begun2. We _five English songs by the end of last term. A. had learned B learned C. have learned D will have learned 3. Han Mei told me she _lunch, so she was very hungry. A has had B hasnt have C have had D hadnt had 4. By the end of 1976, many buildings _built in the city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 5. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A. has left; comes B. had left; would come C. had left; came D. left; had come 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 16 页学习必备欢迎下载6. He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. have enjoyed D. have been enjoying 7. The meeting _when Mr. Wang _to school. A. has begun; get B. has been on; get C. had begun; got D. had been on; got 8. By the end of last week, they _the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 9. The students _their classroom when the