2022年定语从句 .pdf
精品资料欢迎下载定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词 (有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载例: This is the detective who came from London. 例: The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例: The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例: This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that ,不用 which 。例如: All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用 that,不用 which, who ,或 whom。例如: (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that, 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom 、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which 可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如: He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语, (指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用 which; 若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that 。例如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载 The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关 系 代 词 应 该用 who 或 whom,不用 which 。例如: Is there anyone here who will go with you? “ 介词关系代词 “ 是一个普遍使用的结构 (1) “ 介词关系代词 “ 可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“ 介词关系代词“ 结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等, 关系代词只可用 whom或 which, 不可用 that 。 (2) from where为“ 介词关系副词 “ 结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如: We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载 This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when 在从句中充当时间状语, where 充当地点状语, why 充当原因状语。 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因 That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why 引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因,在 that 引导的这种定语从句中,that 也可以省去。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that 引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载 2 关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 (1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如: 1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited 四As 在定语从句中的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句() as 多与 such 或 the same 连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。()as 也可单独使用, 引导非限制性定语从句, 作用相当于 which 。例如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. )the same that与 the same as 在意思上是不同的。 2 As 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如: (1) As is expected, the England team won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页