2022年高考一轮形容词及副词的用法导学案 .pdf

1 形容词及副词的用法考点一 :形容词一.形容词概念 :形容词用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征主要用作定语、表语和补足语。二. 形容词的功能(1)形容词作定语单个形容词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前。She is a good girl. 她是一个好女孩儿。形容词作不定代词的定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。There is nothing important. 没有什么重要的事情。Is there anything important? enough作形容词时，放在被修饰的名词的前后均可。We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here. (2)作表语 . 形容词除与 be动词连用做表语外，还可以与其他系动词连用。1）表示一种特制，状态，感觉类的系动词。如：Appear, seem, look ，taste ,feel ,smell ,sound 2) 表示状态转变的系动词。 意为“ 变得，变为”。如：become ,grow ,turn ,get ,go 3) 表示保持某种状态类的系动词。如：remai , keep The man is ill. The flower smells sweet. The problem remains unsolved. The hill has turned green. 有些词常作表语常见的有well,ill 以及 a开头的部分形容词如afraid，alike，alive, alone, asleep ，awake 等。以 ing 结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人，如 interesting(有趣的 )，interested( 感兴趣的 )等。（3）少数以 ly 结尾的词是形容词，如friendly(友好的 )，deadly(致命的 ), lively(活泼的 ) ，manly(男子气概的 ), likely( 可能的 )，ugly (难看的 ) ,silly(愚蠢的)等。（4）带有数字的复合形容词当复合形容词用连字号链接时， 其中的名词用单数形式， 主要有两种情况。1) 数次+名词a two-hundred-meter bridge 2数词 +名词+形容词a three-year-old boy a fifty-meter-wide river (5) 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序。限定词 + 数量形容词序数词在前，基数词在后+ 描绘性形容词+ 大小、长短、高低等形体+ 新旧 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 被修饰名词一些漂亮的小红花一顶绿色的新丝帽一个年轻的矮个子日本商人 口诀：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老， 国籍颜色出材料，作用类 别往后靠。考点二 :副词一.副词概念 : 副词是用来修饰动词 ,形容词 ,副词,介词短语 ,或全句的词 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页2 二.副词的构成 :由“形容词 -ly”构成。quickquickly beautifulbeautifullybadbadly exactexactly bravebravely happyhappily quietquietly seriousseriously truetruly general generally 以 le 结尾的形容词去e加 y. 如：comfortable-comfortably possible-possibly terrible-terribly simple-simply 三.副词的功能(1)用作状语。如：He speaks English _. 他英语说得非常好。四.副词的位置(1)副词通常放在被修饰的动词后面。(2)副词修饰整个句子时，多数放句首，用逗号隔开。Eg: Luckily, no one was injured. 五.副词的排列顺序：(1 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。副词 enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。六.兼有两种形式的副词bad 坏，差badly 极度，严重close 接近地closely 仔细地，密切地deep 深deeply 深深地wide 表示空间宽度widely 广泛地high 表示空间高度highly 表示程度 ,相当于much hard 努力地hardly 几乎不loud 大声地loudly 大声地喧闹late 晚，迟lately 近来He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 考点三 .形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成1形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页3 (1)一般在词尾直接加 -er 或-est。如：talltallertallest, long_ (2)以不发音的字母 e结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r 或-st。如：nice_-_ (3)以“ 辅音字母 y” 结尾的词，把 y 变为 i，再加 -er 或-est。如：busybusierbusiest funny_ _ (4)在重读闭音节中， 假设末尾只有一个辅音字母， 则双写这个辅音字母， 再加-er或-est 。如：bigbiggerbiggest, hothotterhottest，thin_，fatfatterfattest (5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比较级，加most 构成最高级。如：slowly_ _ beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful interesting-more interesting -the most interesting 注意：英语中有些双音节形容词可以加more/most, 也可以加 -er,-est 构成比较级和最高级，常见的词有friendly ,clever,narrow, 2. 副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化（1）大多数以 -ly 结尾的副词在其前家more 和 most 来构成比较级和最高级 Eg: quickly- more quickly - most quickly vcarefully-more carefully -most quickly (2)单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er 和-est 分别构成比较级和最高级。 hard - harder- hardest early - earlier- earliest 2不规则变化good/wellbetterbest many/muchmoremost ill/bad/badlyworseworst little less-least farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest bad-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest 考点四：形容词和副词的比较等级用法：(1) as形容词 /副词的原级 as 如: He is as tall as his father. He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman. 注意: 在否认句或疑问句中可用so.as, 即 not as/so.as 。如: He cant run so/as fast as you. Its not as/so warm as yesterday. (2.) “as形容词 a(n)单数名词 as”或“asmany/much名词 as”。如: This is as good an example as the other is. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页4 I can carry as much paper as you can. There are as many students in your class as in ours. 1）Mr. Sun speaks English you.与你一样流利2) I have as many books as Tom. 3) I can t drink this.我不能喝这么甜的咖啡4 You are as good a student as she. 5 He is as Tom. 他是像汤姆一样老实的一个男孩和最高级(1) 两者比较，表一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构。如 : The pen is better than that one. (2)表一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的用法This room is less beautiful than that one . (3)形容词副词重叠法则，表示越来越. 比较级 +and+比较级的结构 Things are getting better and better. more and more + 原级的结构 The girl becomes more and more beautiful. (4)“the 比较级 (主语+谓语) ， the 比较级主语 +谓语”的结构如 : The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel. The harder he works ,the happier he feels. 注意：要防止重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. (5) “the比较级 of the two(名词 )”, 表示“两者中较的一个”。如 : The taller of the two boys is my brother. ( 6) 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用the最高级 of/in比较范围,表示同类范畴用of, 不同类用 in。He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. He is the fastest runner of the three boys. (7 )用比较级表示最高级结构 否认比较级=最高级注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示 非常 。It is a most useful tool=It is a very useful tool I can not agree with you more Ive never seen better film than that.=That is the best film Ive ever seen. It could not be better 比较级 +than+any other + 单数名词Changjiang is longer than any other river in China . 比较级 than+ any of the other 名词复数比较级 than +anyone else 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页5 8常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)Ais倍数比较级 than +B (2)Ais倍数 as原级 as+ B (3)Ais倍数 the抽象名词如:longlength；widewidth；high height；deepdepth等)of +B 4A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句。This brige is three times longer than that one. This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. 9. 某些以 -ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to 代替 than。这些词有 inferior 劣等的，次的、 superior较好的，优于 、junior资历较浅的senior资格较老的、 prior在之前等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. 10.在比较从句中为了防止重复，我们通常用that(those) 、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that 指物,one既可指人又可指物。 that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that( 或 the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. 考点五：形容词和副词的比较等级的修饰语1. 修 饰原 级的词almost,quite, nearly,exactly,just, half, twice, three times, eg: He is almost as tall as his brother. This line is twice as long as that one. 2. 修饰比较级的词有： much/many,still, even,rather,any, far, 特别提醒： by far,a little,a bit,a lot, a great/good deal, 常用于否认句或疑问句中。如 : Its a little colder today than it was yesterday. This shirt is much more expensive than that one. 修饰可数名词的比较级不用much, 而用 many, 如 many more books; 修饰不可数名词的比较级用much, 如 much more work, “更多的工作” ; much more necessary, “更有必要”。3.修饰最高级的词有：by far, much, This is by far the best. This is much the most important. 特别提醒： by far 通常用于强调最高级。用比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面。考点六：比较级相关习语1. more than more than 数词多于, 超过more than 名词不仅仅是more than 形容词非常, 很more A than B与其说倒不如说2. no more than( only)仅仅, 只有3. not more than( at most)不超过 , 至多精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页6 4.less than 不到 , 少于5.no less than( as much as) 多达, 不少于6.not less than( at least)至少7.more or less( almost, nearly, about) 基本上 , 差不多 ; 或多或少8.sooner or later迟早, 早晚, 总有一天s more而且, 此外10.no sooner.than.一就考点七： so和 such 的用法1what+a/an+形容词 +可数名词单数2what+形容词 +不可数名词 /名词复数3such+a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数4such+形容词 +不可数名词 /名词复数5no such+ 名词名词前不能加冠词特别提醒：so many/so much/so few/so little+ 名词 其中的 many,much,few,little等词都表“多少”之意，little 还可当“小”解释，这时用such little+名词。稳固练习一Exercise(1)：写出以下形容词或副词的比较级和最高级hard quick slow hot thin nice late safe large heavy happy early interesting excited tired beautiful important expensive goodwell badill far quickly strongly slowly few little Exercise(2)：翻译1. 我比你瘦 . I am _ _ you. 2. 我摘的苹果比你少 . I picked _ apples than you (did). 3. 我认为语文比数学更有趣 . I think Chinese is _ _ _ maths. 4._( 你呆的时间越长， )the better it will be. 5.The city is_( 变得越来越美丽了 ). 6.China is _(比亚洲任何国精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页7 家都要大 ) 7._这两个男孩中较高的那个is my brother. 8.The road is five times as long as than one.( 同义句改写 ) The road is five times _of that one. The roas is five times_than that one. 综合练习一：单句改错1.There are few boys than girls in our class. 2.The more money you make ,the most you spend. 3.This is by far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop. 4.Last sunday,police cars hurry to the taller building in NewYork. 5.As a rusult, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 6. Ill try to be more carefully next year. 7.Now it is easy for me to keep in touch with you than before. 8.people in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. 综合练习二：语法填空1.Usually ,there are not many buses ,but that day there were even_(few)buses. 2.The prosser said the_(bad) cases are head injuries. 3.There are two horses in a field ,if you stand and watch nearby and listen,you will hear the sould of a bell . It is from the _(small horse a copper bell on his neck. 4. I _(mere) suggested you should do it again. There s no need to get annoyed. 5.The river was so polluted that it _(actually) caught fire and burned. 6.Fially ,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(chean) than ever. 综合练习 (三)：短文改错及单词填空1.We were very happily ,because my grandfather had moved to Hongkong and we only visited him every two months. 2.The joy was hard and tired and seemed endless. 3.My father and I were deep shocked by her story. 4.The school was quiet and peacefully. 5.The man was so gratefully that he insisted on offering me some money. 6.According to a recently survey,many students dont want to improve their 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页8 handwrings. 7.Now,it is easy for me to keep in touch with you than before. 8.He _(slow) climbed the stairs and hung his head low. 9.The second sign made pepople realise they were_(extreme) fortunate that they were not blind. 综合练习 (四) 语法填空专练One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much 2 too little.”His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very 4 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.Nick s guests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt 8 ( possible ) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10 ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页