2022年高考英语专题复习单项选择解题方法归纳 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载高考英语专题复习单项选择解题方法归纳一、排除干扰法对于一些高考试题，可以根据题干中提供的信息，先把与句子意义和结构无关的或明显不符合语境和逻辑的选项排除，最后就可以根据语境，选择符合题意的正确答案。这是单选题的最常用的方法。【例如】1 Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? Because the old one has been damaged . 2008 江苏卷 Abeyond reach Bbeyond repair Cbeyond control Dbeyond description 【巧解】 B， 本题考查交际用语和介词beyond 的用法。题意为： “为什么你建议我们买一台新机器呢 ?” “因为这台旧的已经坏掉了，无法修理了。”beyond reach“够不着”；beyond control“控制不了” ；beyond description “无法描述”。三者都不合题意，因而可以排除。本题要注意对句意的理解。出题者把介词beyond 放在具体的语言环境中考查了其作状语的用法，提高了对句意理解的要求。2Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather2008 浙江卷 Ain place of B. as well as Cexcept for D. in case of 【巧解】 C ， 本题考查的是词组辨析。in place of “代替，取代” ；as well as “又，也，还” ；except for “除之外” ，表示在说明了基本（整体）情况之后，再对细节进行说明；in case of “万一，假使” 。本句的意思是：除天气之外，所有情况都非常适合野炊。从而排除 A、B、D。在本句中，可以将“天气”看成是“所有情况”当中的一个细节，故选C 项。3 Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a new teacher. 2008 安徽卷 Ahow far Bhow soon C how often Dhow long 【巧解】 A.，本题考查四个副词短语的区别。How far 有两个用法，其一是用于对距离的提问；其二是询问到什么程度或范围。how soon 询问多久以后； how often 询问频率； how long询问多长时间。 本题是说学生们想知道他们与新来的教师会相处得如何，how far 表示程度，修饰 go with a new teacher 正好符合题意，从而排除B、C、D。在解此题时要注意四个近似副词短词之间用法的区别。【巧练】1.The children went home from the grammar school, their lesson _for the day. A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished 2.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! 2007 上海卷 A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene 3.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_. 2007 陕西卷 : A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 二、句子分析法句子分析法就是对句子进行语法分析,找出主语 .谓语等句子成分,分清主句 ,从句部分 ,把握句子主干 ,掌握主旨大意。因为高考试题设疑方式越来越巧妙，一些重要的信息经常隐含在题干中，这要求考生培养敏锐的观察能力和细致的分析问题的能力。【例如】1 .There is too much difficulty he thinks he will have _ the critical customers in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载the shopping center where he s working now . A. deal with B. dealing with C. to deal with D. to do with 【巧解】通过分析句子结构可知he thinks he will have . 是一个定语从句，修饰的先行词是difficulty 。由此我们可以联想句式sb. have/has difficulty in doing sth.，在本句中即he thinks he will have too much difficulty in dealing with the critical customers这一定语从句。故该题选B。2. matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 【巧解】仔细分析本题的句子结构,不难看出考查的是主语从句，并且从句中缺少主语，因此该题应选A。3.I smell something in the kitchen. Can I Call you back in a minute ? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 【巧解】“感官动词+宾语 +补语”这一结构中，补语的形式要看其与宾语的关系；由题中something 发出 burn 的动作可知答案为A。【巧练】1. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 2Well never forget the important role he in international affairs when he was working in UNAplaying Bplayed Cacting Dacted 3 .No one except Jack and Tom the answer. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are known 三、结构还原法正确分析、 理解和把握句子的结构对语言的运用十分重要，否则就会产生歧义。一些试题设计巧妙，出题人可能会调整试题结构，要么在句中加入插入语，要么用疑问句、倒装句、省略句、 感叹句等使简单句式复杂化，从而打破句子的结构和平衡，以增加干扰；或者利用考生急于求成的心理，巧妙地将题目成立的条件前置以增强干扰性和迷惑性。做这类题目时可将句子按正常语序进行还原，并通过分析主，谓，宾等成分来找出正确的选项【例如】1.For many cities in the world ,there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example.2008 四川卷 A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 【巧解】 C.本题考查非限制性定语从句。从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”,故选介词of。2.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ . 2008 辽宁卷 A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 【巧解】 此题考查neither 用于句首时的倒装结构。either 须和 not 搭配而 neither 本身就表示否定 ,用于句首时句子要倒装。若用either, 还原后的句子应该是“I wasnt happy, either ” ，故选 B 项。3.Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss ,not the workers. They just carried out the order_ . 2008福建卷 A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 【巧解】 考查省略和被动形式。将该句补全进行还原后的句子应该是They just carried out the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载order as they were told,故应选 A 项。【巧练】1. We haven t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 2. It was in New Zealand_Elizabeth fist met Mr.Smith.2008全国卷 II A. that B. how C.which D. when 3. Hardly the papers on his desk when the door burst open. A. he collected B. he had collected C. did he collect D. had he collected 四、补全信息法在一些语境题中常常出现省略形式，尤其是在口语中，这样可以更简捷地表达语义，但是如果判断失误，会造成误解。因此先把省略的部分信息进行补充，然后再分析句子结构，从而全面正确地理解句子，选对正确答案。补全信息法是高考难题命制的一种常用手段。【例如】1. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. . A why B .that C when D where 【巧解】本题考查名词性从句的连词区别。题干状语含两个宾语从句，由and 连接，其中第一个宾语从句省略了连接词that, 补全即为： Having checked that the doors were closed, 显然后面 and 连接的宾语从句应该与其一致，故一句用了that , 后一句也一样。2.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day. A .watered B. watering C .water D. to water 【巧解】A 本题考查省略句型。根据题意可知本题省略了主语和系动词be, 补全即为： unless they are watered . 其中 flowers 与 water 之间是被动关系，省略了they are 后，只有 A 项是正确。3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 【巧解】 分析句子结构可知，逗号后面为定语从句；又由主句中two people 可推断 neither of whom 正确。答案为A。【巧练】1.I am caught smoking again? You ae sure to be punished. A. What for B. What if C. If only D. Only if 2. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. . A why B that C when D where 3.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day. A watered B watering C water D to water 五、寻找标志法寻找标志法是指仔细分析题干，找出隐含于其中的重要信息。这些信息往往由一定的形式表示，如介词短语、 副词或它们在句中所处的位置等。这要求考生要有敏锐的观察能力和细致分析问题的能力。因此答题时必须注重对题干中隐性信息的捕捉。【例如】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载1.Did you tidy your room? No, I was going to tidy my room but I visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 【巧解】“Did ”和“ was going to”标志着是过去发生的事情。答案为A。2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 【巧解】 By the time 引起从句时，主句需用完成时态，此处表示将来的动作，所以用将来完时。答案： C. 3. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 【巧解】 in/during the past years 所在的句子要用完成时态，substances 是“被发现”，故用被动形式。【巧练】1.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now. A. hasn t turned B. doesn t turn up C. won t turn up D. hadn t turned up 2.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 3.Do you like traveling? Certainly. I to Belgium five months ago, but I anywhere ever since. A. went; didn t go B. have been; don t go C. had been ; haven t D. went ;haven t gone 六、语境分析法在高考试题中一个重要的考查方式是考查学生在特定的语境中准确运用语法知识的能力。考题中的语境设置较为自然，灵活，巧妙， 要求考生选择的不只是正确答案而是最佳答案，语法上正确的答案不一定是最得体，最合适， 最近的答案，也不一定是在现实交际用语中所使用的答案。因此考生必须仔细揣摸句子的用意与情景，准确把握语境的内涵，有针对性地分析语法成分，最后结合语境选出最佳答案。它是结合选项， 以分析题干内容为主要手段的答题方法。采用此法时，需要注意语法和语境两个方面。【例如】: 1. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? 2007 全国卷 II I_ , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 【巧解】 C.，本题考查动词时态的区别。A 项意为 “ 不得不 ” ，B 项意为 “ 不 ” ；C 项意为 “ 本打算做 ” ；D 项意为 “ 不愿意 ” 。根据语境but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 可知我是本来打算去的，但想起来还有作业要做，显然只有C 项符合语境要求。2. Have you been wasting time on computer games again? 2007 山东卷 . _,Ive been studying a lot and I need a break. A. No way B. Not really C. I don t agree D. I couldn t agree more【巧解】 B.，本题考查交际英语运用。根据情景I ve been studying a lot and I need a break, 可知我不是在浪费时间玩电脑,故只有 B 项符合情景。3.Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift! 2007全国卷 I _. A. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载【巧解】D.， 本题考查交际英语运用。根据情景 Can you read the sign, sir! No smoking allowed in the lift! 知对方是善意地提出批评,显然做错事后应该道歉。A 项意为 没关系 ;B 项意为 不客气 ; C 项意为 当然 ,我没有抽 ,显然是属于狡辩;D 项意为 对不起 。 因此 ,只有 D 项符合情景要求。【巧练】1We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we each other for years.2008 辽宁卷 A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know 2Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.2008 重庆卷 A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet 3So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent .2008 福建卷 A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 七、情景交际法情景交际类试题，一般不涉及语法知识，但有它自己的语境，只要根据语境把说话人的态度和语气分析清楚，就不难选出正确答案。【例如】1 Shall we go out for dinner tonight? 2008浙江卷 . A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time 【巧解】 C.， 本题考查的是交际用语。Shall we go out for dinner tonight ? 实际上是一个提建议的句子， 而不是一般的疑问，这一点必须要特别引起注意。You are right“你是对的” ; It must be funny“这肯定很有趣”; That sounds great“听起来很不错”;Have a nice time“ （祝你）玩得愉快” 。只有 C 项符合语境。2.Sorry, I made a mistake again. _. Practice more and you ll succeed.2008 全国卷 I A. Never mind B. Certainly not C. Not at all D. Dont mention it 【巧解】 A.， Certainly not 常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；Not at all 和 Don t mention it用于别人致谢时代答语。只有Never mind 符合语境。句意“对不起，我又出错了。” “没关系，多练习，你就会成功的。”这里考查别人致谢时如何安慰对方。3.I think you d better type this letter again before Mr.Smith sees it. Oh, dear!_ 2008 江西卷 A.Who cares? B.No problem. C.I don t mind at all D.Is it as bad as that? 【巧解】 D，.本题考查情景交际。由“我想你在Mr.Smith 看到之前应该把这封信再打印一次” “哦，真的吗 ?_”可知对方对此不以为然。Is it as bad as that?(有那么遭吗？)其中 A项 Who cares（谁在乎？）不礼貌。【巧练】1.Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please? _ A. Who are you ? B. I m Wang C. Speaking. D. Are you John 2.Have you been wasting time on computer games again? 2007 山东卷 Ive been studying a lot and I need a break. A. No way B. Not really C. I don t agree D I couldn t agree more3.一 Can you read the sign, sir? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载No smoking allowed in the lift! 2007 全国卷 I A. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me 八、标点符号法标点在高考试题中占有一席之地，它是书面语言的有机组成部分，其主要功能在于精确地记录语言， 有助于确切地自己的思想和理解别人的语言信息。实际上， 看似微不足道的标点却可以帮助我们找到解题的突破口，从而得出正确答案。【例如】1._ down the radio - the baby s asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn 【巧解】题意为：把收音机声音调小，婴儿正在隔壁睡觉。破折号起到补充说明的作用，相当于“ for the baby s asleep ” ,破折号前构成祈使句Turn down the radio. 答案 : B. 2.Have you been to New Zealand? No, I d like to,_. A. too B. though C. yet D. either 【巧解】 though 作副词表示转折，意思是“然而，可是”，用在句末，前面用逗号隔开。A项不符合句意；C 项不置于句末；D 项用在否定句末表示“也不”。答案： B. 3.Anyway, that evening, _I ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel s place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 【巧解】本题中的先行词that evening 被逗号隔开，在从句中作介词about 的宾语。故应用关系词which 引导的非限制性定语从句，what 不能引导定语从句。答案：D. 【巧练】1.I ve never seen anyone run so fast _ David go. A.just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 2.They will fly to Washington ,_they plan to stay for two or three days.2008重庆卷 A. where B. there C. which D. when 3.You don t seem to be quite yourself today, Jim? I m suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,_. A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway 九、分析对比法对所给试题的语法知识和语境进行分析比较，弄清楚题干的真正意思，并对比分析所给的答案，然后联系上下文句子的含义，进而作出正确判断。【例如】1.Is Peter there? _,Please. I ll see if I can find him for you. 2008 江苏卷 A. Hold up B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold off 【巧解】该题考查交际用语和动词词组的含义辨析。句意为：“彼特在吗？” “请不要挂断电话，我去看看能否找到他。 ”Hold on “ 继续， 坚持，不挂断电话”。此处意为 “别挂， 等一等”，相当于hold the line 。 hold up“举起，竖起，支持，使停滞”；hold out“伸出，提出，支持，主张” ；hold off “耽搁，不接近，离开”。故选 B 项。2. Einstein liked Bose s paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German. 2008 山东卷 A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载【巧解】此题考查短语的用法。题意为：爱因斯坦很喜欢Bose 的论文以至于他把自己的工作置于一旁， 把它译成德语。 Set aside” 不顾 ,把置于一旁” ; give off “ 发出， 放出”;turn down“拒绝”；take over“接收，接管” 。故选 D 项。Don t be so discouraged. If you _such feelings, you will do better next time 2008 安徽卷 A . carry on B. get back C .break down D. put away 【巧解】 carry on “ 继续”；get back “ 返回， 取回， 收回” ；break down “ 破坏， 损坏” ；put away在此的意思是“打消，放弃，抛弃”。题意为：如果你放弃这种情绪，下次会做的更好。该题的四个选项在词义上本身联系不大，做题的关键是理解上下文。【巧练】1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _of desert_covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity;have 2.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to b smell 3.Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, I am not sure.But it_be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 十、 .对号入座法将自己掌握的词组意思与题干及选项之间的关系对照分析，然后将各个选项直接代入空格处检查，从而选出正确答案。这种方法适宜解答语法结构类试题。【例如】1.After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. 2008 宁夏卷 A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up 【巧解】 句意为： 简在医学院学习五年后，在乡村当了一名医生。Set out “ 出发，开始”；take over“接收，接管” ；take up“拿起，开始从事” ；set up“设立，竖立” 。故只可选C 才符合语境。2I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _ fine. 2008 四川卷 A. look out B stay up C. carry on D. get along 【巧解】 look out “ 小心， 朝外看”；stay up “耸立， 熬夜” ；carry on“继续做， 坚持” get along“与某人相处；进展” 。根据前文“我过去常与父母争吵”可以推断下文应是“但现在我们相处得很好” ，故只有 D 项符合语境。3.I m still working on my project. Oh, you ll miss the deadline. Time is _. 2008 江苏卷 A, running out B. going out C. giving out . D. losing out 【巧解】 依据前文谈到 “你即将错过最后期限”可知下文的意思是“时间即将用完” ，run out 的意思是“用完；耗尽” 。此处用现在进行时表示动作马上就要发生，故应选A. go out “ (灯)熄灭” give out “ 发出（热，味） ”lose out“输给（ to sb） ”. 【巧练】1.I know a little about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A are going B had been C went D have been . 2. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A If B Since C Though D When 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载3.How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _what we can do for you . A see B are seeing C have seen D will see 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页学习好资料欢迎下载精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页