2022年物联网在智能交通中的应用英文版 .pdf
i 深圳大学考试答题纸(以论文、报告等形式考核专用) 二 一二二一三学年度第一学期课程编号2313991504 课程名称专业讲座主讲教师代明军评分姓名学号安令 喆2009130375 阳晨希2009130379 叶宇昕2009130404 专业年级2009 级 通信工程教师评语：题目：物联网在智能交通中的应用【Abstract】With the increasing traffic pressure in Shenzhen, the public transportation, as an important part of urban transportation, carries on the responsibilities of relieving the transportation ingestion and raising the efficiency of traveling. The level of the development of public transportation not only embodies the image of Shenzhen, but also be related with every citizen.Nowadays, the road network of Shenzhen has formed a net pattern with the several decades of building and improving. Because of the increasing urban population, the constitution of ITS has become the only way to sustain the Shenzhens transportation. The ITS is the orientation of future transportation. It makes the traditional transmutation pattern more intelligent, safe, green and efficient by high technology. The IOT, as an important part of a new generation information technology, connects anything into the internet, exchanges information and communicates according to formed protocol through the RFID ,GPS and other intonation sensing device. With the developing of IOT, there will give impetus to the development and improving of the ITS. Based on previous background, we point out the problems and the weakness of the previous ITS, and then we discuss the significance of intelligent transportation structure which based on the circumstance of IOT. After considering the existed problem, we point out the necessity of lead-in the IOT into intelligent transportation. 【Key Words】Intelligent Transportation System; Internet of Things; System Architecture; Evaluation. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - ii 【摘要】 在深圳交通压力日益增大的背景下,作为城市交通一个重要组成部分的公共交通自然承载着缓解交通拥堵，提高出行效率的重任。公共交通事业的发达程度不仅仅体现着深圳的城市形象,也和每一位出行的市民息息相关。目前 ,深圳市道路网络经过几十年的建设和完善,基本形成了网状的道路结构。由于市区人口集聚进一步加剧 ,智能交通体系建设已成为深圳交通可持续发展的必由之路。智能交通将是未来交通的发展方向,它将通过高科技使传统的交通模式变得更加智能化,更加安全、节能、高效率。物联网作为新一代信息技术的重要组成部分,通过射频识别,全球定位系统等信息感应设备,按照约定的协议 ,把任何物体与互联网相连,进行信息交换和通信。随着物联网技术的不断发展也为智能交通系统的进一步发展和完善注入了新的动力。在以上研究背景下，我们提出了现有智能交通系统模式所存在的问题与不足，并探讨了研究物联网环境下智能交通系统模型与架构的意义；其次，通过分析现存问题，阐述智能交通系统引入物联网技术的必要性。【关键字】智能交通系统; 物联网 ; 系统构架 ; 评估 ; 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - iii Catalog 1.Introduction.11.1.Background .11.1.1.The socialize of auto development.11.1.2.Constantly increase urbanization process.11.2.The main idea and work of article .12.Internet Of Things .32.1.RFID .32.2.Sensor network technology .42.3.Intelligence technology .42.4.Nanotechnology .43.Intelligence transportation system .53.1.ITS is an integrated system .53.1.1.System of controlling car .53.1.2.Transport monitor system .53.1.3.Carrier vehicle management system.53.1.4.Travel information system .63.2.The three parts of ITS in our country.63.2.1 City intelligent transportation (CIT).63.2.2 Inter-city intelligent transportation (IIT) .63.2.3city railway intelligent (CRI) system.64.Intelligent transportation structure under IOT .74.1 The network model of ITS under the circumstance of IOT .74.2 The structure of ITS in circumstance of IOT.74.2.1 Sensing layer .84.2.2 Network layer .84.2.3 Application layer .85.Conclusion . 10名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 1 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.1.1.The socialize of auto development Up to now, there are about 4 million cars in Shenzhen. Auto society has brought so many problems, such as traffic congestion, traffic accident, energy consumer and environment pollution. Because the great depression of economy which caused by traffic jam, even the country such as America and Japan, who has developed road facility, still have to use the manage way of caring both supply and demand instead of the way that just caring the demand of the people, to solve the crucial traffic problems. These industrial countries whose development are based on the auto s support, are aimed to find a way that not only keep the socialization of automobile, but also solve the problem brought by traffic jam. They wish to get the help from modern technology to reach a final goal called” safety, efficiency, environment, keeping energy” . So the concept of ITS has already appeared. 1.1.2.Constantly increase urbanization process Urbanization process will lead the development of intelligent transportation system: 1)Because of the process of urbanization, the transport facilities between city and city are in a great need. Up to now, high-speed roads in china only cover the city which has more than 500000 people. The cities that only have about 200000 people, only 60% of them have access to high-speed roads. The more investments have given to increase the density of high-speed road network, the more ITS will be in need. 2)With the increasing of urbanization process and the demand of car, the problems caused by traffic jam become much more seriously. With the help of intelligent transportation, we can let the supplying and demanding go to a balance situation. As we know that different cities have their own character. In our country, nearly almost cities structure have a concentration center and then spread to outside. The central business district have large density of population and peoples daily activities are also very frequently happen at there. 3)The demanding of city transportation system will still increase for many years. Intelligent transportation will welcome a brilliant time during its development in china, which may bring positive result on three aspects-increasing the efficiency of transportation facilities, increasing service quality of transportation system, conservation-minded society transportation system. 1.2. The main idea and work of article The main target of article is to create the ITS model which under the circumstance of IOT, and make up a whole structure of ITS in new environment. First, sensing and sharing is the basic part of ITS. For 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 example, vehicle information, cargo information, road situation all can be used in an integrate way. On the whole, in some realm, we can let one unit to guide the whole area, so that we can develop much easier. Because the disturb of technology, we cannot get enough information, the ITS in our country is only concerning about management of system. In order to guarantee the efficient work of the whole system, the necessary thing to our work is to create the newest sensors to our facilities and collect the information from these sensors easily and smoothly. The development of ITS in our country is point on the solution of application, but our technology still weak in communication at terminal part and in information collecting. Based on the situation of nowadays ITS, we state out a model that based on the platform of IOT, so that it can help to share the information sources and let the subsystems work together. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 2. Internet of Things Internet of things (IOT) is a concentrated network which contains five parts of information sensing devices- sensor equipment, RFID equipment, laser monitor, GPS and laser scanner. IOT is aimed to create the connection between the network and things, so that we control the situation of the things like identifying the cargo, positioning, tracking, monitoring and triggering the event of the things automatically. As we know that there are two waves that pushed the world information industrial to go forward. They are the creation of computer and the connection of network. Now, the third wave also appears to us. It s the IOT. After the appearing the concept of IOT, it has changed the people s idea. In the past, we just took the physical facilities and IT facilities into two aspects, in one hand, we mean it the road, airport and architecture, in another hand, we mean it date center, personal computer and broadband. Nowadays, the two aspects come together, which means that the cement and chip concentrate together and we just call all of these in a same name- infrastructure. Based on this concept, the world just like a big factory and economical management, production, social management and even individual life are all based on IOT. In 2005, the ITU published a report entitled “ internet of things ” , its first author, Laura, Srivastava said: ”We are now standing at the entrance of a new era of communication, in this day and age, we know the Internet will be undergoing a fundamental change in the ITU report of Things. Internet is a connecting tool that builds the connection between human and things, it also create connection between different things.”There are four key technologies stated by ITU ，tag things RFID, sensor network technology, smart technology nanotechnology and miniature things. 2.1. RFID RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology, automatic target recognition by the RF signal and access to relevant data. The recognition process can work in a variety of harsh environments and it does not need human to intervene. RFID technology can identify many tags that which have high speed and it is really easily and quickly to operate them. There are three technologies, RFID, internet and telecommunications, help to track and share the information in world range. Most RFID system consists of 5 parts. Electronic tags, reader, antenna, middleware and application software. Now I will make a brief introduction to you about the 5 parts. Electronic tags:the electronic tags was attached at the surface of the things which are used to identify the things, cause it is unique in the world, which means it is impossible to imitate by other. Reader: read the equipment of the electronic tag information can be designed for handheld or fixed. Antenna: create the connection between the reader and electronic tags. Middleware: a message oriented and can accept requests by the application software side. Application software: to help the user complete the instruction of the reader and middleware s logic set. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 2.2. Sensor network technology Sensor is the name of a group of devices which can help us to collect information about force, light, electricity, voice and location, and it also play as a basic part of feed-back system. With the development of technology level, traditional sensor has gradually changed to the new hierarchy with the characters of miniature, intelligence, information and network. Wireless sensor network is a compound network system, which based on the technologies of distribution information collection, information transportation and information processing, is an important technology that helps to keep the country s safety and improve the economic growth. It is the sensors that covered all things in the world that help the IOT to sense the whole world. 2.3. Intelligence technology Intelligence technology is way that using knowledge as a tool that helps to reach some anticipated targets. One of the key technologies of IOT is to embed intelligent system to the object and let it has a serious of intelligences, so that the object can positively or negatively communicate with the user. It contains 4 aspects, artificial intelligence, advanced human-machine communication technology, intelligent controlling technology and intelligent signal processing. 2.4. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the study of the structure size with the range of 0.1 to 100 nm. Nature of the material and application, the advantages of nanotechnology means that smaller and smaller objects in the internet of things which can interact and connect. Current treads in electronic technology devices and systems smaller, faster and cooler. Much faster means faster response speed, cooler refers to the power of a single device. But smaller is not without limits. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 3. Intelligence transportation system ITS is a modern system with an integrated ability of transportation management. In this system, cars are drove by their own intelligence facilities, and the road can also use its own intelligence to adjust the transport situation, so that the managers can knowing the destination and the transport situation clearly. Traditionally, the management of transportation seems to be really spontaneous, which means that drivers should choose the proper road by their experience and by the judgment of themselves. The signal lights only stay in a static position and do not get much works. These situations lead to the poor efficiency of the transportation system and it may even lead to so many congestions in the city. However, being in different from the previous way, ITS collects the information of the car and the road, it uses the computer to choose the best road, so that the transport situation may become much better and we will not worry about the congestion in our way to anywhere. 3.1. ITS is an integrated system 3.1.1.System of controlling car SCC is way that using the intelligence system to drive the car, which can take the place of the driver, so that the driver can do something else during that time. This system seems really good, it uses the sensing system, for example install some radar and laser sensors in the front and side of the car, to detect the position of the car and can easily let the car escaped from the obstacle. When we face some emergent thing during drive, the car computer can make alarm ring and slow down intelligently. When the transport situation changed, the system can also change the driver speed automatically. We just call this system “ intelligent car” . Nowadays, there are more than 3000 companies to make the equipment of this system and it also create so many products such as automatic constant speed controller and 3.1.2.Transport monitor system This system just like the flight controller in airport, it creates the communicating connection among the road, car, and the driver. It can let the driver know where has accident, which road has traffic jam and which way is the best. 3.1.3.Carrier vehicle management system This system can let the control center to know the exact position of every car, because each car has already installed a GPS machine. So that with the help of the position information, the center can easily control the transport situation and let the system become much more powerful. Nowadays, the Paris and London have already used this system in taxi. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 3.1.4.Travel in
