2022年虚拟语气讲解及练习 2.pdf

1 虚拟语气语气：用来表示说话者的意图和态度。1，陈述语气：用来陈述一件实事Jim said that he had been to the USA many times. 2, 祈使语气 :表示请求或命令的语气Jim, please close the window; Ann, sit down, please. 3, 虚拟语气 : 用来陈述一个不真实或想象的情况。If I were President Hu Jintao, I would attend the meeting. 虚拟语气的用法一， 用在条件从句中1， if 的条件句有两种：真实条件句和不真实条件句。请比较下面两句话。If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a sports meeting. If I were a bird, I would fly to your house at once. 2， If 引导的非真实条件从句，其从句及主句的谓语动词变化见下表：情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用 were) would/could/should/might+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/could/should/might have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反1一般过去时2should+动词原形3were to+动词原形would/could/should/might+动词原形(1)与现在事实相反If I were you, I would study much harder(2)与过去事实相反If you had come a few minutes earlier ，you would have met her (3)与将来事实可能相反If I were toshould do it, I would do it in a different way3，混合虚拟条件句如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整，这种句子叫混合虚拟条件句。If I were you, I would have followed his advice. （从句表现在，主句表过去）If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today.（从句表过去，主句表现在）If he had followed the doctors advice，he would be quite all right now. （从句表过去，主句表将来）4， 隐含条件句有时虚拟条件不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。Without electricity, human life would be quite different now. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished my work on time.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 此类虚拟常用的连接词有：without, but for，if it were not for, if it had not been for or，otherwise，but，however 等。We couldn t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( if we hadnt got your help) But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it . 5, If 从句的省略倒装如条件状语从句的谓语动词含有were或助动词（ had，should，could）有时将连词if 省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had ，should，could 等词之后。If they were here now, they could help us. =Were they here now, they could help us. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. =Should it rain, the crops would be saved. If I should have time, I would come to your party tomorrow. = Should I have time, I would come to your party tomorrow. 二. 在宾语从句中的应用(1)在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，一个坚持： insist 两个命令： order, command 三个要求： require, demand, request, 四个建议： suggest, recommend ，advise，propose, + (should) do I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。He insisted that he （should ） be sent there. 他要求被派到那儿去。注意：如 suggest, insist 意思是 建议 或坚持认为某人应该做某事时，才有此用法。但如果表示 暗示、表明 、坚持某个事实时 时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you were wrong. (2)用于 wish 后的宾语从句中表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望。构成形式主语谓语that 从句谓语wish 从句谓语动词形式表示现在时动词的过去式（ be用 were）表示过去时had+过去分词表示将来时would/could+动词原形名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 I wish I were as strong as you. She wishes she hadnt said that. I wish I could fly to Mars one day. (3) Would rather + 从句 谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“ 宁愿 ,还是 好些” 。引导从句的that 常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。I d rather(that) he painted it blue.I would rather that you had not told me about it. （请注意，此种用法如果前后主语一致可以直接加动词原形或者完成时。）I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed at home last night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。三.用于其它句型结构中(1) 用 于 主 语 从 句 中It s necessary (natural, important, strange, a pity, no wonder ,suggested, requested ，ordered，demanded, desired.) that 之后以及名词order，suggestion, proposal, request, order 等后的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语形式为： should+动词原形， should可省。It s necessary that he (should) go there himself It is a pity that he (should) be absent today. My suggestion is that we (should) send someone to help him. I make a proposal that we （should）hold a meeting next week. (2)用于 as if/as though引导的状语从句中 ,其谓语形式与 wish 后的宾语从句相同。She looks after the orphan as if he were her own child Tom talks as if he had ever been there (3)在 it s(high/about)time后的 that从句中，从句中的谓语多用过去时的形式。It s high time that we left.(4)比较 if only 与 only if 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 only if 表示只有；if only 则表示 如果就好了 。If only 也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。(5)用于 that，so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句中，其谓语常用might/could+动词原形。 lest, in case, for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，其谓语有时用should +动词原形。（主语只是可以用，不是一定用）Turn on the light so that we could see what it is. 注：如果目的状语从句是否定式，常用shouldWe took a taxi to the station so that we should not miss the train. He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus. Jim didn t answer back lest his mother should be angry with him.Bring an umbrella with you in case it should rain. (6)用 may+动词原形表示 “ 祝愿” 放在句首。May you be happy! 祝你快乐！May you have a nice trip! 祝你旅途愉快！May you succeed/ live long! 祝你成功 /长寿！2009-2010 年高考英语试题分类汇编虚拟语气1. -Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. -Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt 2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 3. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow4. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 5. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he_ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 6. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 7. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) 8. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 A. wouldnt die B. didnt dieC. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died9Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved 10. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 11. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 12. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 13._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediate cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 14.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent, that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 15.Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 16.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 17._ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 18.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 19.What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 20.-If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 21.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 22.Jane s pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 23.-Why didn t Miss Smith go there? -She _, but she didn t have enough time. A. would have B. had C. went D. would 24.Your advice that _ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited 25.Without electronic computers, much of today s advanced technology _. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 26.Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 27.He doesn t dare to leave the house in case he_. A. will recognize B. recognized C. should be recognized D. recognize 28.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; should set 29.-If it _ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. would rain C. were to rain D. rain 30.-I feel I am so tired tonight. -Well, it is time that you _. A. go to bed B. would go to bed C. went to bed D. are going to bed 31.It is necessary that the lazy boy _ the class meeting. A. will attend B. attends C. attend D. attended 32.He talks as if he _ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did the most. A. had done B. did C. would do D. has done 33.But for the snow, we _ earlier than we had been expected. A. will arrive B. should have arrived C. arrive D. had arrived 34.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 35.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 36.I was really anxious about you. You _home without a word. A. mustn t have B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. needn t have 参考答案1-5 CACDB 6-10 B(should) be discussed DAC 11-15 BBBBC 16-20 BABCB 21-25 CBABC 26-30 CCBCC 31-36 CABCDB 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -