2022年人教版八年级下册Unit知识点及练习学生版 .pdf

Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells?一.【单元目标】目标句型：1. How long have you been doing? 2. I ve been doing since 3. How long did sb. do?4. He / She did sth. for5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start? 7. How many do you have?8. What do you like to collect in the future?9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby? 语法现在完成进行时二.【重难点分析】1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语+ have / has been + doing 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语 +been+doing? 现在完成进行时表达“ 某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去” ，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live ，learn，study，work 等。(1) I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。(3)我学英语已经十年了。_ 在这几个句子中， have 和 has是助动词， 疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或 has后面加 not， have not和 has not可以分别缩写成havent和 hasnt，如：(1)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？(2)我有很长时间没有看电影了。_ （表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如：I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）(2)两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。如： She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）三.【重点词汇】1. since的用法：(1)conj (引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从 以来； 以后egIt was years since l had seen her自从我见到她(到那时 )又过去好几年了。我们到这儿刚好有一周了。_ (引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为eg既然他这么说，那一定是真的。_ (2)prep自以来egI have lived here since childhood 自小我就住在这儿。1993 年以来他还没有回过家。_ (3)adv名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - (与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来egHe left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since 他 1985 年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。以前(4)构成短语： ever since从那以后 (一直 ) long since很久以前；早已2. since ，from 和 for (1)from 是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from 短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：这个电影在晚上8 点到 10 点上映。 _ They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end 他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。(2)since 则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。如：自他们来这儿以后， 发生了许多事情。 _ The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for 与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。如：The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。我学过三年钢琴。_ 我认识她已经五年了。_ 3. favorite 作名词，指 “ 最爱的物品 ” ，favorite 也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。例如：My favorite food is dumpling我最喜欢的食物是饺子。4. stop表示 “ 停止，结束，阻止”The light turned red I have to stop 红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。(1)stop 作名词，意为 “ 车站，站点 ” 。例如：I get off at the next bus stop 我在下一站下车。(2)stop 作动词，意为 “ 停止 ” ，常用于stop doing sth.结构中，表示 “ 停止做某事 ” ，指停止正在做的事。例如：The students stop talking 学生停止了讲话。(动名词 talking 作宾语 ) (3)stop to do sth. 则表示 “ 停下来去做某事” ，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。例如：The students stop to talk学生们停下来(开始 )讲话。 (不定式 to talk 作目的状语 ) We should stop to have a rest我们应该停下来休息一会儿。(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示 “ 叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事” 。例如：What can stop me(my)going? 有什么能阻止我去呢? 5. have to do sth. 表示 “ 不得不做某事” ，指客观条件的“ 不得不 ”I have to finish the work by myself 我不得不自己完成这项工作。6. run out of 意为 “ 从 地方跑出来；用光” Class is overThe students run out of the classroom 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出来。四.【课文解析】1. How long have you been in class today? (1) how long 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - (2) in class(3)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。egI have seen the film many times 这部电影我已看过多次。表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。egI have lived here since 2001 自从以来，我一直住在这儿。构成： “have has+过去分词 ” 构成。eg-Where is Jim and Mike? 吉姆和迈克在哪儿? -They have gone to the Great Wall 他们去游长城了。2. Alison was the first one to start 3. Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting 5. By the way，whats your hobby? 6It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries 五.【词语辨析】1. every 和 each2. interest， interesting 与 interested3. how long，how often 与 how soon4. have 与 must名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 5. fairly 与 ratherExercises for new words （生词专练）.Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the words in the box. (用方框里的单词的正确形式填空。) collectinghobbiesbetweencommonraise 1. Last week our headmaster organized us to_ the money for charity. 2. He doesn t have any _.But he likes studying very much. 3. What s the _food in our country? Rice, I think. 4. Jim s grandpa has been_ the old coins since he was twenties. 5. What s the difference_ the northern food and southern food in China? Exercises for phrases （短语专练）.Translate the following phrases into English. (把下列短语译成英语。) 1.用完 _ 2.对感兴趣 _ 3.比 多_ 4.在远处 _ 5.为 筹钱_ 6.收集贝壳 _ 7. 的首都 (省会 ) _ 8.一双溜冰鞋 _ Exercises for function items （交际用语专练）. Renumber the following sentences to make a complete dialogue. (重新排列以下句子,组成一个完整的对话。) A. But how can I get on well with them? B. Hi, Han Mei. I ve been here for a few days. But I have few friends here. So I can t be happy. C. You can play games with them. And you can join our students club. D. Hi, Nancy. You don t look happy. Why? E. You shouldn t think so. I am your friend. Our classmates are all friendly to you. Exercises for grammar （语法专练）.Fill in the blank with since or for. (用 since 或 for 填空。 ) 1. They have been standing_ half an hour. 2. The baby has been awake_ eight o clock. 3. The girl has been working _an hour. 4. He has been studying France _he was seven years old. 5. They have been skiing_ two hours. 6. He has been dancing _two hours ago. .Make five complete sentences with the following words.(连词成句。 ) 1.collecting,since,years,ten,old,was,he s,been,matches,he _ 2.baseball,started,playing,when,Jack,was,six,old,years,he _ 3.playing,since,basketball,was,five,he s,been,he,old,years _ 4. David, soccer, two, for, playing, has, been, years 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - _ 5. he, hours, five, for, skating, has, been _ 再接再厉（课后巩固类训练）Elementary exe rcises （基础题）.Rewrite the sentence according to the requirement. （根据要求改写句子。 ）1.My father has been working in the factory since 1990.( 对画线部分提问) _ 2. Li Lei told me yesterday. Zhang Yining wins the Olympic gold medal for ping-pong.(合并句子 ) _ 3. Her favourite sport is swimming.( 用 like 改成同义句 ) _ 4. I started to practice the guitar three hours ago.( 改成含介词for 的同义句 ) _ .Answer the following questions with the expressions in the parentheses. (用括号中的表达回答下列句子。) 1. When did you begin playing the piano?(9 o clock in the morning) _ 2. How long have you been reading that book?(last week) 3. How long has Tim been swimming in the pool?(2 p.m.) _ 4. How long has Lucy been dancing in the room?(one and half hours) _ 5. How long have you been surfing the Internet?(6 hours) _ Integrated exercises （综合题）.Multiple choice(单项选择 ) 1. I have been _English since I was seven. A. learned B. learn C. learning D. learns 2._have you been running, Wu Bing? For ten minutes. A. How soonB. How longC. How oftenD. How fast 3. My father has been teaching me French _I was a child. A. whenB. sinceC. whileD. for 4. My father often tells me _my classmates. A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helps 5. We have _wine of Scotland. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some. A. run off B. run away with C. run downD. run out of 6. Would you please tell me _next, Mr. Wang? A. what should we doB. we should do what C. what we should doD. should we do what 7. There are _tomatoes and _pork on the table. A. much; manyB. many; much C. many; manyD. much; much 8. This story is much _interesting than that one. A. manyB. someC. the mostD. more 9. I_ him before. But my friends _him two days ago. A. didn t meet; metB. haven t met; met 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - C. don t meet; meetD. hadn t met; meet 10. Mr. Wang isn t here. I hear _Beijing. A. that he has gone toB. that he has been to C. he wentD. he will go Link to test （模拟链接）.(2010 北京中招 (课标卷 )，九 ) 奥运会将在北京召开。作为中学生，我们应该为奥运作贡献。请根据提示，选择方框中的词语，填在下面横线的相应位置上。(只填写字母，其中有2 个多余选项 ) A. greenerB. plant more treesC. guidesD. betterE. grow flowersF. more beautifulwaterJ. deliciousK. keep streets cleanL. reporters 1. For the 2008 Olympics, we will make our city much _,_ and _. 2. From now on, we can _,_,_ and _. 3. We want to be volunteers, working as _,_ and _.So we should study hard. 快乐时光The Looney Bin One night at the insane asylum(疯人院 ) one inmate shouted, “I am Napoleon!”Another one said, “How do you know?”The first inmate said, “God told me!”Just then, a voice from another room shouted, “I did not!”名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -