2022年人教版八年级数学上册期末试卷含答案演示教学 .pdf

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑D C A B 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 x x y y y y O O O O A、B、C、D、人教版八年级数学上册期末试卷一、选择题 (每小题有且只有一个答案正确，每小题4分，共 40分) 1、如图，两直线ab，与 1相等的角的个数为( ) A、1个B、2个C、3个D、4个2、不等式组x3x4的解集是 ( ) A、3x4B、x3D、无解3、如果ab，那么下列各式中正确的是( ) A、a3b3B、abbD、2a3的解集是 _；1 a b 4 1 3 2 1 2 6 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑A B C D E F A B O C D y x 5 20 21 12 12、已知点 A在第四象限，且到x轴，y轴的距离分别为3，5，则A点的坐标为 _；13、为了了解某校初三年级400名学生的体重情况，从中抽查了50名学生的体重进行统计分析，在这个问题中，总体是指 _ ；14、某班一次体育测试中得100分的有 4人， 90分的有 11人， 80分的有 11人， 70分的有 8人， 60分的有 5人，剩下的 8人一共得了 300分，则中位数是_。15、如图，已知B= DEF，AB=DE ，请添加一个条件使ABC DEF，则需添加的条件是_；16、如图， AD 和BC相交于点 O，OA=OD ，OB=OC ，若 B=40, AOB=110 ，则 D=_度；17、弹簧的长度 y(cm)与所挂物体的质量x (kg) 的关系是一次函数，图象如右图所示，则弹簧不挂物体时的长度是_cm；第15题图第16题图第17题图18、如下图所示，图中是一个立体图形的三视图，请你根据视图，说出立体图形的名称：对应的立体图形是_的三视图。三、解答题 (共78分) 19、(8分)解不等式x+1(x1)12，并把解集在数轴上表示出来。20、(8分)填空 (补全下列证明及括号内的推理依据)：如图：已知： AD BC于D，EFBC 于F， 1=3，求证： AD平分 BAC 。证明： AD BC，EFBC于F(已知 ) AD EF( ) 1=E( ) 2=3( ) 又 3=1(已知 ) 1=2(等量代换 ) AD 平分 BAC( ) 主视图左视图俯视图1 2 3 A B C D E F 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑S(千米) t(时) O 0.5 1.5 3 7.5 10 22 A B C D E F 21、画出下图的三视图(9分) 22、(9分)已知点 A(10 ，0)，B(10，8)，C(5，0)，D(0，8)，E(0，0)，请在下面的平面直角坐标系中，(1)分别描出 A、B、C、D、E五个点，并顺次连接这五个点，观察图形像什么字母；(2)要图象 “ 高矮 ” 不变， “ 胖瘦” 变为原来图形的一半，坐标值应发生怎样的变化？23、(10分)如图， lA，lB分别表示 A步行与 B骑车在同一路上行驶的路程S与时间 t的关系。(1)B出发时与 A相距 _千米。(2)走了一段路后，自行车发生故障，进行修理，所用的时间是_小时。(3)B出发后 _小时与 A相遇。(4)若B的自行车不发生故障，保持出发时的速度前进，几小时与A相遇，相遇点离B的出发点多少千米。在图中表示出这个相遇点C，并写出过程。24、(10分)已知：如图， RtABC RtADE ，ABC= ADE=90 ，试以图中标有字母的点为端点，连结两条线段，如果你所连结的两条线段满足相等、垂直或平行关系中的一种，那么请你把它写出来并说明理由。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑25、(10分)某工厂有甲、乙两条生产线，在乙生产线投产前，甲生产线已生产了200吨成品，从乙生产线投产开始，甲、乙两条生产线每天生产20吨和 30吨成品。(1)分别求出甲、 乙两条生产线投产后， 各自的总产量y(吨)与从乙开始投产以后所用时间x(天)之间的函数关系式，并求出第几天结束时，甲、乙两条生产线的总产量相同；(2)在如图所示的直角坐标系中，作出上述两个函数和第一象限内的图象，并观察图象，分别指出第15天和第 25天结束时，哪条生产线的总产量高？26、(14分) (1)为保护环境，某校环保小组成员小敏收集废电池，第一天收集1号电池 4节、 5号电池 5节，总重量 460克；第二天收集1号电池 2节、5号电池 3节，总重量 240克。 求1号和 5号电池每节分别重多少克？ 学校环保小组为估算四月份收集废电池的总重量，他们随意抽取了该月腜5天每天收集废电池的数量，如下表：1号废电池 (单位：节 ) 29 30 32 28 31 5号废电池 (单位：节 ) 51 53 47 49 50 分别计算两种电池的样本平均数，并由此估算该月(30天)环保小组收集废电池的总重量是多少千克？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑(2)如图，用正方体石墩垒石梯，下图分别表示垒到一、二、三阶梯时的情况，那么照这样垒下去，填出下表中未填的两空，观察规律。阶梯级数一级二级三级四级石墩块数3 9 垒到第 n级阶梯时，共用正方体石墩_块(用含 n的代数式表示 )。数学部分一、选择题 (每小题有且只有一个答案正确，每小题4分，共 40分) 1、C；2、A；3、D；4、A；5、B；6、B；7、D；8、C；9、A；10、C；二、填空题 (每小题 4分，共 32分) 11、2x；12、(5, 3)；13、某校初三年级400名学生体重情况的全体；14、80分15、BC=EF( 答案不唯一 )； 16、30；17、9；18、四棱锥或五面体；三、解答题 (共78分) 19、解：x+1(x1)12x+12(x1)2(2分) x12x22(1分) x1(1分) x1(2分) 数轴表示正确 2分；20、证明： AD BC，EFBC于F(已知 ) AD EF(同位角相等，两直线平等或在同一平面内，垂直于同一条干线的两条直线平行) 1=E(两条直线平行，同位角相等) 2=3(两条直线平行，内错角相等) 又 3=1(已知 ) 1=2(等量代换 ) AD 平分 BAC( 角平分线的定义) 每空2分，共 8分；21、图形如下，每个3分，共 9分；1 2 0 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑A B C D F E主视图左视图俯视图22、图形略， (3分) (1)像字母 M；(2分) (2)横坐标变为原来的一半，纵坐标不变；(4分) 23、(1)10；(2)1；(3)3；(每题 1分) (4)解：表示出相遇点C得1分；求出lA的函数关系式：S=4t+10分求出Bl的函数关系：S=15t分解得10t=11分150S=111分24、解：有不同的情况，图形画正确，并且结论也正确的即可给2分；(1)连结 CD、EB，则有 CDEB；(2)连结 AF、BD，则有 AFBD ；(3)连结 BD 、EC，则有 BDEC；选(1)；证明： RtABC RtADE( 已知 ) AC AE，AD AB( 全等三角形对应边相等) CAB EAB( 全等三角形对应角相等)分CABBAD=EADBAD即：CAD=EAB2分在 ADC 和ABE 中：AC=AEDCAD=? EABAD=AB ADC ABE(SAS) 分CDEB分25、(1)解得：y =200+20 x甲分y =30 x乙分两者总生产量相等，即：y =y乙甲200+20 x=30 x解得：x=20分(2)图形略，分第15天结束，甲的总生产量大于乙的总生产量；分第25天结束时，乙的总生产量大于甲的总生产量；分26、解： (1)设 1号电池每节重量为x克，5号电池每节重量为y克；由题意可得：4x+5y=4602x+3y=240分解得：x=90，y=201分名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑答：1号电池每节重量为90克，5号电池每节重量为20克；1分求得 1号电池平均每天30节，5号电池平均每天50节，2分所以总重量(309050 20)30111000(克）111(千克)2分(2)18，30，3n(n+1)2第一个空1分，第二个空 2分，第三空 3分；英语部分.单项选择（ 15 分）( )21.He _ when the UFO arrived. A. was sleeping B. were sleeping C. has slept D. is asleep ( )22.I have been skating _ nine oclock.A. for B. since C. at D. from ( )23.Would you mind _ those old jeans? A. don t wear B. not to wear C. aren t wearing D. not wearing( )24.- Hes never been to an aquarium. -_. A. Neither have I B. Neither do I C. I never too D. I dont too( )25.Its really cold today, _ ?A. does it B. doesn t it C. isnt it D. is it( )26._ have you been swimming? For five years. A. How many times B. How long C. How often D. How much ( )27.-Could you please _ in the room? -Oh, I m sorry. A. not smoking B. not smoke C. not to smoke D. don t smoke( )28.-Could we buy a piano, Jack? -I m afraid there _ enough room for one in the house. A. aren t B. are C. isnt D. is ( )29.I got home _ they were having dinner. A. as soon as B. while C. because D. after ( )30. We got mad _ the team for losing the match. A. at B. in C. on D. about ( )31.She _ a lot of money on clothes. A. takes B. costs C. spends D. buys ( )32.I will stay at home and read books if it _ tomorrow. A. is raining B. rains C. rain D. will rain ( )33.The teacher encourages her students _ English as much as possible. A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoke ( )34.His father _ to Nanjing. He _ back next week. has been, is B has been, will beC. has gone, is D. has gone, will be ( )35.The teacher said that they _ hard-working students. A. is B. are C. were D. was .用所给词语的适当形式完成下列句子。（5 分）look through discover collect get over keep down 36.Do you know who _ America? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑37.He is in his bedroom and _ the newspapers for a job. 38.He is angry with me now. But he will understand me and _it soon. 39.Her brother likes stamps and he _ over a hundred stamps now. 40.We should _ our voice in public places. .补全对话（ 10 分）( A ) A: What are you doing, Jenny? B: 41._ Im cleaning the house.A: Do you often do it? B: Sometimes when Im free. 42._A: Here it is. What will you do after you finishing the cleaning? B: 43._ A: 44._ Lets go swimming, shall we?B: Sounds great. A: Let me help you then. 45._ B: Thank you. A. Nothing much. B. In this way you can finish the work sooner. C. What bad weather! D. Can t you see?E. Can you see the book? F. It will be a pity to stay at home in such fine weather. G. Could you please pass me the towel? 41._ 42._ 43._ 44._ 45._ (B) 用适当的词语补全下面对话。A: Hello. May I 46._ Mr Brown. B: Sorry, he isnt in. He 47._ to France.A: Well, then do you know 48._? B: He said he would return in a month. A: Oh, such a long time. 49._ can I get in touch with him? B: You may 50._. A: What s his telephone number?B: Its 00334760488532. .句子翻译。（10 分）51.他们举办这场音乐会是为了给慈善事业筹集钱款。They held the concert to _the charity. 52.他的父母非常高兴他们的儿子在学习上取得了很大的进步。His parents are very happy that their son _ in his study. 53.消防队员很快把火扑灭了。The firefighters _ the fire soon. 54.你什么时候开始对集邮感兴趣了？When did you begin to _collecting stamps? 55. 如果你插队的话，其他人会不高兴的。Other people wont be happy _.56.我们班级三分之二的学生来自于南方。_. 57. 你们不应该违反学校规定。_. 58. 他们俩当时都没有在家。_. 59.你听说过这样一个人吗？_？60. 你介意把电视声音调低吗？_? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑.完形填空（ 10 分）Coke( 可乐 )is one of 61 drinks in the world. A lot of people enjoy 62_ it. But now people begin to believe that its not a good drink for health. There is lots of 63 in the coke. Having much sugar is 64 for people. And it also has some caffeine(咖啡因 )in it. The caffeine can get people into the habit(习惯 )of drinking more coke when they feel 65 . If they dont drink coke they 66 bad. And 67 thing is some people cant work or study 68 drinking several cups of coke every day. More and more people want to cut down the coke they drink and ask 69 help from the doctors. If you like drinking coke very much, I think you must have the Coke Habit. In fact drinking more fruit and vegetable juice is 70_ for you. ( )61.A. more popular B. most popular C. popular D. the most popular ( )62.A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )63.A. salt B. pepper C. sugar D. juice ( )64.A. good B. well C. tired D. bad ( )65.A. hungry B. fine C. thirsty D. excited ( )66.A. will feel B. are feeling C. felt D. feel ( )67.A. bad B. worse C. the worst D. the worse ( )68.A. not B. without C. with D. after ( )69.A. to B. for C. on D. at ( )70.A. good B. well C. best D. better .阅读理解（ 20 分）(A) 阅读短文 , 然后根据短文内容选择正确答案。Passage 1 Birds live in trees. Squirrels（松鼠） live in trees. But did you know that some frogs（蛙） live in trees, too? The tree frog is hard to find. It can change colors. On green leaves, it stays green. On a brown branch（树枝） , it turns brown. Some tree frogs can change from green to gold or blue. Tree frogs have legs and wide feet. They have sticky pads（粘性的肉趾） at the ends of their toes. These sticky toe pads keep the tree frogs from falling. Tree frogs have different colors and markings（斑点）on their skins. Their eyes are different, too. Some have green eyes, and others have bright red ones. The sound they make are different, too. One frog makes a sound like a dog barking. Another frog makes a loud noise like a snore（打鼾） . There is even a frog that whistles（吹口哨） ! ( )71.These frogs are hard to find because _. A. they stay in trees B. they can change their colors C. they have sticky pads D. they make surprising sounds ( )72.If the season is spring, the colors of tree frogs is _. A. gold B. brown C. green D. blue ( )73.The tree frogs can stay on trees because _. A. they have sticky pads B. they can change their colors C. they are strong D. they are small ( )74.Which of the following sentences is right? A. The tree frogs have different colors and feathers（羽毛） on their skins. B. The tree frogs cant make a loud noise like a snore. C. We can easily tell tree leaves from tree frogs. D. We may find tree frogs if we hear a sound like a snore in the forest. ( )75.The passage is mainly about _. A. the colors of a special frog B. the sound of a special frog C. the eyes of a special frog D. a frog that is special Passage 2 Most of the flowers in nature are red, orange and yellow. If we have seen a black flower, its chance in million.People have made a survey of colors of more than four thousand kinds of flowers and found that only eight of them are black. As we know, sunlight is formed (形成 ) by seven different colored lights. The wave length (波长 ) of each light is different, so the quantity (量) of heat in each light is also different. Flowers especially their petal (花瓣 ), are easy to 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑be harmed ( 伤害 ) by high temperature. Black flowers can take in all the light waves which cause the flowers to dry up in a high temperature. So black flowers can rarely (很少) survive ( 挺过 ) sunlight. But red flowers, orange flowers and yellow flowers can protect (保护) themselves from sunlight by reflecting (反射 ) the red light, orange light and yellow light, each of which has a large quantity of heat. ( )76.People can_ see black flowers. A. often B. never C. hardly ever D. always ( )77.The underlined word “ them ” in the second paragraph refers to ( 指) _. A. a thousand B. colors C. flowers D. kinds ( )78.The passage mainly tells us that _. A. black flowers are too weak and it is difficult for them to grow up B. there are only eight black flowers in nature C. sunlight has seven different colored lights and the wave length of each is different D. why its difficult for black flowers to grow( )79.How do red flowers, orange flowers or yellow flowers protect themselves from sunlight? A. By taking in the light. B. By reflecting the light. C. By hiding themselves. D. By sleeping. ( )80.Which of the following ideas is NOT right? A. The black flowers cannot protect themselves from the sunlight. B. Red, orange and yellow flowers can also take in the light of all wave lengths. C. People have found that only a few kinds of flowers are black. D. Flowers are easy to be harmed by very high temperature. (B) 阅读短文，然后根据短文内容填写表格或回答问题。Passage 3 People live around the world. They like to have celebrations (庆祝活动 ). In China, people celebrate New Year. New Year is in January or February. They wear red clothes because red is the color that will bring joy. Chinese children get money in red envelopes for the new year. In Gambia (冈比亚 ), people celebrate Independence Day (独立日 ). It is in February. They wear bright clothes and play music at the celebration. In England, people celebrate May Day. May Day is in May. They wear pretty clothes to celebrate the coming spring. The children like to dance on this day. In America, people celebrate Thanksgiving Day (感恩节 ). Its in November. They have a very big dinner with their families or friends. They eat turkeys and a lot of other delicious food. They have a long talk after dinner. Celebrations Around the World 61._ Celebrations Months Clothes China New Year January or February 62._ Gambia 63._ February bright clothes 64._ May Day May pretty clothes America Thanksgiving Day 65._ Passage 4 Are you interested in Helmut Newton and John Pilger? Do you want to learn more about their painting? Come to Barbican Gallery (画廊 )! Barbican Gallery Open Mon, Thu- Sat 10am- 6 pm (Helmut Newton ); Tue, Wed, Sun 10am- 9pm ( John Pilger ) Tickets Adults ( 成人)￥7 Students, young people 12-17, over 60s ￥5 Disabled people with companion ￥ 3.5 Under 12 free Barbican Card discount (折扣) 20% off full price tickets 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑Group Bookings Can be made through the Groups line 7382 7211 Adult groups of 10 or more ￥6 each School and full time student groups of 10 or more ￥2 each. 86.When may you go to Barbican Gallery to see the paintings on Tuesday? _. 87.Does a child under twelve need to pay any money to see the paintings? _. 88.Whose paintings can you see if you go to the gallery on Saturday? _. 89.What telephone number can you call if you want to book tickets? _. 90.How much should you pay if you want to buy tickets for group of ten students? _. .书面表达（ 10 分）有些同学不喜欢英语，觉得学习英语不重要。你不这样认为，你认为学习英语很重要。英语是世界上使用最广泛的(is the most widely used） ，世界上四分之三的书籍和报纸是用英语写的，互联网上的信息(information) 比四分之三还多的是用英语。并谈一谈你是怎样学习英语的。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑英语部分. ABDAC BBCBA CBADC . discovered, looking through, get over, has collected, keep down . A) DGAFB B) 46.speak to 47.has gone 48.when he will return/be back 49. How 50. call him/call him up/ring him up/ telephone him . 51 raise money for 52.has made great/much progress 53.put out 54.take interest/become interested in 55.if you cut in line 56.Two t