Exercise 语言和语言学.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流Exercise 语言和语言学【精品文档】第 14 页Exercise 11 Language and Linguistics语言和语言学1. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. Performance C. langue D. Language 2. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas3. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission4. The study of language as a whole is often called _.A. general linguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. psycholiguistics D. apllied linguistics5. The descriptiong of a language at some point in time is a study_A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descrpitve D. prescriptive6. Findings in linguistics studies can often be applied to the solutions of some practical problems, the study of such applications is known as _.A. anthropological linguistics B. computational linguisticsC. applied linguistics D. mathematical linguistics7. Which of the following isnt a major branch of linguistics?A. Phonology B. Syntax C. Pragmatics D. Speech8. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behaviour, it is said to be _.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. Psycholinguistic9. The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.  A. the conventional nature of language   B. the creative nature of language   C. the universality of language   D. the big difference between human language and animal communication10.Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langue B. competenceC. parole D. performance11. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language? A. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue12. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolicC. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary13. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" is_. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative14. What is the most important function of language? A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative D. Metalingual15. The function of the sentence “What a beautiful day!” is _.A. performative B. emotive C. informative D. phatic 16. Saussure took a(n) _ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociologicalpsychological B. psychologicalsociological C. appliedpragmatic D. semanticlinguistic17. The study of _ does NOT form the core of linguistics.A. semantics B. pragmatics C. computer- linguistics D. phonology18. _ is regarded as the “ father of modern linguistics”?A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Whorf 19. Which word is the absolute arbitrary one?A. bang B. headache C. rose D. impolite 20._ are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level.A. Morphology and semantics B. Morphology and syntaxC. Syntax and semantics D. Morphology and phonology21. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative22. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that _. A. language is arbitrary B. language is used for communication C. language is basically vocal D. language is productive23. Which of the following is one of the two core branches of linguistics. A. Morphology B. sociolinguictic C. psycholinguistics D. anthropology24. The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by _. A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. the Prague School 25. What are the dual structures of language? A. sounds and letters B. sounds and meanings C. letters and meaning D. sounds and symbolsExercise 12 Phonetics语音学1. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds.A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonant2. _ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. z B. d C. k D. b 3. The sound f is _.A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative4. A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. back B. central C. front D. middle5. Liquids are classicified in the light of _.A. manners of articulation B. place of articualtion C. place of tongue D. non of the above6. In English , there is only one glottal, it is _.A. l B.h C. k D. f7. The differnce between u abd u: us caused by _.A. the openess of the mouth B. the shape of the lips C. the length of the vowels D. none of the above8. Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords9. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i.e. rounded, EXCEPT _.A. a:B. u:C. æD. u10. _ is the study of all the sounds that occur in the worlds language.A. Morphology B. Phonetics C. Phonology D. Syntax 11. Which of the following sounds is a back vowel?A. i B.w C.e D.u 12. p is different from k in _.A. the manner of articulation B. the shape of lips C. the vibration of the vocal cord D. the place of articulation 13.In terms of the place of articulation， the following sounds tdszn share the feature of _.A. palatal B. alveolarC. bilabial D. dental14. Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of_.A. the velum B. the vocal cordsC. the glottis D. the uvula15. e is different from a in _. A. the shape of the lips B. the height of the tongue C. the part of the tongue that is raised D. the position of the soft place16. Where are the vocal cords? A. In the mouth B. In the nasal cavity C. Above the tongue D. Inside the larynx 17. Which of the following does NOT belong to the three resonating cavities? A. the pharynx B. the nasal cavity C. the larynx D. the oral cavity18. “The Adams Apple” is _. A. a kind of apple B. related to Adam C. the front part of larynx D. on the top of larynx 19. Which of the following is NOT true for vowels? A. Vowels are sonorants. B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.D. Vowels are also called obstruents.20. Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial? A. b B. m C. n D.pExercise 13 Phonology音位学1. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _. A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution C. the allophones D. minimal pair2. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _.A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features3. A(n) _ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme. A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones5. Which of the following is a typical tone language?A. English B. Chinese C. French D. All of the above6. Usually, suprasegmental features include_, length and pitch. A. phoneme B. speech sounds C. syllables D. stress 7. _ studies the sound system in a certain language. A. Phonetics B. Semantics C. Pragmatics D. Phonology 8. _ are used to find the phonemes of a language. A. Minimal pairs B. Free variation C. Constrastive distribution D. Complementary distribution9. If the two similar sound segments never occur in the same phonetic enviornment, then they are _. A. two separate phonemes B. two allophones of a phonemeC. two free variations of a phoneme D. a minimal pair10. Which of the following is not a suprasegmental feature? A. Aspiration B. Intonation C. Stress D. Tone 11. Where is the primary stress of the word “phonology”?A. pho B. no C. lo D. gy 12. Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.(      )A. kibl            B. bkil            C. ilkb           D. ilbk13. Which of the following groups of words ia a minimal pair? A. but pub B. wet which C. pin-pen D. fail- find 14. _ is an indispensible part of a syllable. A. Coda B. Onset C. Stem D. Peak 15. Among the following, the parts of speech that is normally unstressed in an English sentence are _. A. Nouns B. Verbs C. Adverbs D. Prepositions16. Which of the following is NOT a minimal pair? A. cat / bat B. put / but C. jig / pig D. sit / bit17. If two sounds are in complenetray distribution, they are _ of the same phoneme. A. symbols B. allophones C. phones D. signs 18. In the production of a consonants at least _ articualtiors are involved. A. two B. one C. three D. four 19. _ involve more than one manners of articulation. A. Stops B. Fricatives C. Affricates D. Laterals 20. Voiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are _. A. closed B. apart C. totally closed D. completely openExercise 14 Morphology形态学1. _ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme2. _ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 3. “-s” in the word “books” is _. A. a derivative affixB. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root 4. The word “simplifications” has _ morphemes in it. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 55. The words that contain only one morpheme are called_.A. bound morphemes B. affixesC. free morphemes D. roots6. Which of the following is NOT a free morpheme?A. book B. boyish C. bet D. child 7. The word “sitcom” is a(n)_. A. blended word B. abbreviated wordC. compound word D. clipped word8. Of all the following affixes, which is different from others? A. ful B.-ly C.-ed D. -ity 9. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. gas station B. town-planning C. headache D. medicare 10. The word “fridge” is formed through_. A. compounding B. blending C. clipping D. back formation 11. Which of the following is a typical example of back formation? A. edit B. write C. put D. cook 12. Which of the following is NOT invented by way of acronym? A. NATO B. APEC C. AIDS D. smog13. Which of the following does NOT belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme? A. s B.z C. ei D.is 14. Of all the following four words, which one is different from the other three in terms of word-formation? A. National B. E-mail C. Brunch D. Medicare 15. How many bound morphemes are there in the word “internationalism”? A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1 16. The two aspects to the meaning of a word are denotation and _.A. indication       B. connotation     C. conversation        D. implication17. A _ word is a combination of two or more words which functions as a single word.A.  compound     B. blend     C. shortened            D. clipped18.The word “ typhoon” originated in _.  A. Japanese       B. French     C. Chinese               D. Spanish19. In terms of lexicology, a word is a combination of sound and _.A. spelling       B. writing     C. meaning                  D. pronunciation20. The different forms of a morpheme are called _.A. morphs       B.  free forms    C. allomorphs             D. roots21. _ are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words.A. clipped words       B. compounds     C. blends                   D. acronyms22. In the word “internationalism”, _ is the root. A. inter B. nation C. al D. ism 23. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. pencil box B. friedliness C. deadline D. upstair24. The basic unit in the study of morphology is _. A. the internal strucutre B. word C. the rules by which words are formed D. morpheme25. When the suffix _ is added to a noun, it usually changes this noun into an adjective. A. less B. ness C. fully D. er Exercise 15 Syntax句法学1. _mainly deals with how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. A. Pragmatics B. Syntax C. Semantics D. Phonetics 2. A sentence is considered _ whe