If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句.doc
-作者xxxx-日期xxxxIf引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句【精品文档】If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句【重点、难点】1. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态。 2. If引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的区别。 【考情分析】 通常在单项选择、完形填空或补全、完成句子等题型中考查,分值约34分。 【知识讲解】 一、 IF宾语从句if引导的宾语从句 if意思为:是否,从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致。 【例句】I want to know if he lives there.He asked me if I could help him. 【考查点】if、whether引导的宾语从句的区别:从含义、连词、语序和时态等方面区分。1. 含义if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。 【例句】Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater. 2. 与连词(副词)关系if或whether既不能和that 或其他连词(副词)同时使用,也不能省略。【例句】误 I dont know that if(whether) he will come here today.正 I dont know if(whether) he will come here today. 误 He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat . 正 He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat . 3. 语序if或whether引导宾语从句时,虽具有疑问的意义,但其从句应用陈述句的语序。 【例句】The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital.4. 时态if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。 【例句】I dont know if (whether) he has come here. Tom asked if (whether) I had read the book. 5. 只能用whether的情况 (1) 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 【例句】 I cant decide whether to stay. (2) 在whether or not 的固定搭配中【例句】 I want to know whether its good news or not. (3) 在介词后,只能用whether【例句】 His father is worried about whether he loses his work. (4) 用if会引起歧义时 【例句】Could you tell me if you know the answer? 这句话有两种意思: “你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。 如用whether则可避免歧义。 二、 IF状语从句if引导的条件状语从句:从含义、时态和用法三个方面来研究。1. 含义 条件状语从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子,if作”如果、假如”讲。【例句】 You will catch the bus if you get up early. 2. 时态 (1)主祈从现:主句是祈使句, 从句是由if引导的使用一般现在时的句子。 【例句】If you want to go, please tell me. Print the photo if you like it. (2)主将从现: 指if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。 【例句】If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall. If you dont get up early, you will be late for school. (3)主情从现 当主句是一般现在时(含情态动词can, may, must等的句子),从句也用一般现在时。 【例句】 You must see the doctor if you are ill. 3. 用法(1) 位置 if引导的条件状语从句,既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时,常用逗号与主句隔开。 【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early. =If you get up early, you will catch the bus.(2) 在if引导的条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时时,不能使用be going to结构,而要用will。 【例句】Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. (3) 在if引导的条件状语从句中不能使用some,而要用any。 【例句】If you have any questions to ask, please come to my office. (4) 同义句转换,if引导的条件状语从句可转换成简单句,其方法如下: “祈使句+and/ or+简单句”结构。其中and表示句意顺承,or表示句意转折。 【例句】If you work hard, youll pass the exam. =Work hard, and youll pass the exam. If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Hurry up, or youll be late.【精品文档】