2022年全国高考英语乙卷试题及答案解析.docx

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）英语一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AAHenry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout the world,it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture Series Scottish National Portrait （肖像画） Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free. An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct.，15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburn's English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct.，13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation inRaeburn's PortraitsThursday 6 Nov.，13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artist's Training in the18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov.，13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition：17.15.There is no re-admission. Closed：24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and Colleges A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up to and including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries？ _ A. Sun.26 Oct.B. Thurs.30 Oct.C. Thurs.6 Nov.D. Thurs.13 Nov.2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission？ _ A. £4.B. £8.C. £12.D. £16.3. How can full-time students get group discounts？ _ A. They should go on Sunday mornings.B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have ID cards with them.BB In 1916，two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter. Why did they go then？Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden's book,she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed （牵涉） drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism （坚忍） of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top： "When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals：foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter."4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains？ _ A. To teach in a school.B. To study American history.C. To write a book.D. To do sightseeing.5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3？ _ A. They enjoyed much respect.B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.6. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising？ _ A. The extreme climate of Auburn.B. The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies.D. The natural beauty of the West.7. What is the text？ _ A. A news report.B. A book review.C. A childrens story.D. A diary entry.CCCan a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year？That is the very likely future of applying todays "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board. That includes huge savings in costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts. By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks,drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept：the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible？ _ A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.9. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？ _ A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.10. What function is expected of the rail drones？ _ A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.11. Which is the most suitable title for the text？ _ A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of RailwaysDD The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April,2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）.It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520 m a year for the Treasury.However,data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate £240 m for the year ending in April 2019，which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18 p and 24 p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content. However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1 m litres per year. Today's figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.12. Why was the sugar tax introduced？ _ A. To collect money for schools.B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect children's health.D. To encourage research in education.13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax？ _ A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production.D. They reduced their products' sugar content.14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected？ _ A. Most alcoholic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Coke.15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy？ _ A. It is a short-sighted decision.B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets customers.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain （保持） long-distance friendships. Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact （联系） and share with one another.With busy schedules,squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. (1) . More isnt always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. (2) .There are alternatives to constant written communication,such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. Practise empathy （共情） (3) .The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. (4) Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible,extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Dont rely on technology alone (5) ，but long-distance friendships - even close ones - may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it？Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A.Remember important dates B.Compensate by writing letters C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind16.  A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G17.  A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G18.  A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G19.  A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G20.  A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,theres something highly exciting about(21)someone elses glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However,we all witness that preschool children are remarkably(22)at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies (23) . For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was(24) as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric" （自我中心的） creatures.But our(25) research results in child developmental psychology(26) that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each(27) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or(28) .We then asked the child if she could(29)or hear the adult.Surprisingly,children replied that they couldnt.The same(30) happened when the adult covered her own mouth：(31) children said that they couldnt (32) to her. A number of(33) ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear：Our young subjects(34) the questions and knew(35) what was asked of them.Their(36) to the questions reflected their true(37) that "I can see you only if you can see me,too." They simply(38) mutual （相互的） recognition and regard.Our(39) suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head,it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact,children consider this method(40) when others use it.21.  A. followingB. takingC. escapingD. directing22.  A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick23.  A. exposedB. examinedC. untouchedD. imbalanced24.  A. supportedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted25.  A. disappointingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired26.  A. explainedB. confirmedC. contradictedD. tested27.  A. parentB. childC. researcherD. doctor28.  A. feetB. noseC. handsD. ears29.  A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fool30.  A. eventB. thingC. actionD. accident31.  A. YetB. NowC. SoonD. Once32.  A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave33.  A. instructionsB. descriptionsC. experimentsD. assumptions34.  A. comprehendedB. predictedC. exploredD. ignored35.  A. partlyB. honestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly36.  A. responsesB. approachesC. contributionD. sensitivity37.  A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpose38.  A. hold backB. relate toC. insist onD. make up39.  A. limitationsB. requirementsC. theoriesD. findings40.  A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially（1）_ the United Nations on November 27th,2019.To celebrate（2）_ festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society（3）_（ address） the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the（4）_（ large） tea-producing country,China has a（5）_（ responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.It can help to build a community with a（6）_（share） future for mankind," he said.The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Co