形容词和副词比较级的变化规则02009.doc

形容词、副词比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1）规则变化构成法 一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est原级：tall（高的 great（巨大的）比较级：taller greater最高级：tallest greatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st原级：nice（好的） large（大的） able（有能力的）比较级：nicer larger abler最高级nicest largest ablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est原级：big（大的） hot（热的）比较级：bigger hotter最高级：biggest hottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est原级：easy（容易的） busy（忙的）比较级：easier busier最高级：easiest busiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est原级：clever（聪明的） narrow（窄的）比较级：cleverer  narrower最高级：cleverest narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。原级：important（重要的） easily（容易地）比较级：more important more easily最高级：most important most easily2）不规则变化原级：good（好的） bad（坏的） 比较级：better worse最高级：best worst副词：1) 时间和频度副词: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never ,yet ,soon ,too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副词: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词: much ,little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly. 5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why. 6) 关系副词: when, where, why. 7) 连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether.Asas的一般用法：其基本意思为“与一样”，其中的第一个as为副词，其后通常接形容词或副词(用原级)，第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点。如：(1) 在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so。如：He doesnt study as so hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。(2) 在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+复数名词+as”。如：Youve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。I havent got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。如：She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。也可说。如：She is a teacher as good as her mother.但不说。如：She is as a good teacher as her mother. / They are as good teachers as us.“as + 形容词或副词原级 + as” 意为“和一样”，表示同级的比较，但要注意第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as 为连词。根据比较对象和性质的不同又可以把此种结构分为三种：（一）“ as as 结构”用于表示不同人或物同一性质的比较，意为“和一样 " 。例如The tree is as tall as the building(is) 这棵树和那栋楼一样高。（二）“ as as 结构”用于表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较，意为“既又” 。例如：This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.这个游泳池宽度和长度相等。比较级的几种主要句法1、问人的句法：（要用形容词比较级）陈述句：SuHai is older than SuYang. 一般疑问句：Is Su Hai older than Su Yang? 特殊疑问句：Who is older than SuYang? 选择性的特殊疑问句：Who is older, Su Hai or Su Yang?2、问物的句法：（要用形容词比较级） 陈述句：His ruler is longer than her ruler. 一般疑问句：Is his ruler longer than her ruler? 特殊疑问句：Whose ruler is longer than her ruler? 选择性的特殊疑问句: Whose ruler is longer, his or hers?3、问动作的句法：（要用副词比较级） 陈述句：Mike jumps higher than Ben. 一般疑问句：Does Mike jump higher than Ben? 特殊疑问句：Who jumps higher than Ben? 选择性的特殊疑问句: Who jumps higher, Mike or Ben? 比较级句子中涉及到的人称代词和物主代词的用法1、主格和宾格（原句） Mike is stronger than Nancy.（改一改）He is stronger than her.（原句） This man is taller than that man. (改一改) _is taller than_.（原句） Helen swims faster than Su Yang. (改一改) _swims faster than_.你能总结一下：什么时候用主格，什么时候用宾格吗？