选修9 unit1.doc
精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除杭州新东方优能中学选修9Unit1【词汇部分】1 attempt【观察思考】1） Rather Ashrita attempts to break records in very imaginative events and in very interesting places.2） Ashrita always acknowledges his teacher in his record-breaking attempts.【归纳总结】attempt可以作名词和动词。作名词时，解释为“尝试”；作动词时，解释为“尝试做某事”。【拓展】作名词：Attempt+n 尝试、试图Attempt to do sth. 试图做某事Attempt doing sth. 尝试做某事作动词：Attempt on sth 试图得到某物Make an attempt to do sth. / at doing sth. 试图做某事【巩固运用】1） Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_. （2003山东模拟）A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire2）A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （2004江苏）A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted2 require【观察思考】While these activities might seen childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.【归纳总结】require需求需要。通常有以下几种常用句式：（1）require sth.（2）require that（虚拟语气）（3）require sb. To do（4）require doing sth.【拓展】这里需要注意的是，require to do 和 require doing 是有区别的。To do表示句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的。Doing表示句子的主语则是动名词的逻辑宾语。【巩固运用】_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（2005上海）A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 3 Limit【观察思考】He believes that there is no limit to peoples physical abilities.【归纳总结】Limit可以作名词和动词。作名词时，表示极限；作动词时，表示“限制”。【拓展】1）作名词时，常用的搭配：Within/without the limitsSet a limit(s) to2）作动词时，常用的搭配：Limit sb./sth. to + doing sth.【巩固运用】1）As the old saying goes, a wise man knows his own _.（武汉联考）A. limit B. limits C. limitation D. limitations 2) He is a man of _ ability.（东北三校）A. ability B. limiting C. limited D. limitation4 acknowledge【观察思考】Ashrita always acknowledges his teacher in his record-breaking attempts.【归纳总结】Acknowledge v. 承认认可【拓展】acknowledgeas/to be 认为是acknowledge oneself beaten 承认失败acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事acknowledge having done sth. 承认做某事这里需要注意的是，acknowledge不可以跟不定式。【巩固运用】Professor Hawking is _ as one of the worlds greatest living physicists.（西安质检）A. dignified B. clarified C. acknowledged D. illustrated 【重点短语】1get into【观察思考】When Ashrita came third in a 24-hour bicycle marathon in New Yorks Central Park in 1978, he knew that he would one day get into the Guinness Book of World Record.【归纳总结】get into 陷入，学会；对产生浓厚的兴趣。例如：Dont get into the habit of smoking【拓展】有一个和get into形似的结构叫get to do sth，意为“慢慢会”例如：You will get to like the work.【巩固运用】Hardly could he _ this amount of work in such a short time. (2007天津)A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down2Come to【观察思考】So, when he won third place, he came to the understanding that his body was just an instrument of the sprite and that he seemed to be able to use his sprite to accomplish anything.【归纳总结】这里的come to表示开始，逐渐。作为一种状态的转变，类似于become等。【拓展】come to有常见几种用法：（1）达到某种状态，状况；结果是 例如：It has come to my attention that some money is missing.（2）总计，总数为例如：The bill came to 50 dollars.（3）涉及，谈到；突然想到例如：When it comes to politics, I know nothing.【巩固运用】If you happen to _ my lost papers, please let me know at once by telephone.（武汉八校）A. come across B. come by C. come out D. come around3. select as 【观察思考】Recently, for the first time in 15 years, Jones was not selected as part of the national team and therefore did not compete in the 2004 Olympics in Athens.【归纳总结】Select作为不及物动词的时候，会只用各种不同的介词表示不同的意思，这里表示“被挑选为”。【拓展】Select sb./ sth. forSelect sb./ sth. fromSelect sb./ sth. to do Select sb./ sth. as【巩固练习】He was selected _ 2000 students to give the speech, who were admitted by the college this year. (北京四中网校)A. from B. to C. as D. for【语法部分】1While these activities might seen childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination. 【观察思考】Most students dont like Mr. Lee, the Math teacher, while Tom likes him very much.Although I feel pity on hurricane victims in Southeast Asia, I cant really do very much to help them but contribute my pocket money.【归纳总结】Although和while都是连词，都可以引导让步状语从句，但在用法上有很大的区别。（1）Although为从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though，所引导的句子都是置于句首。（2）while有时候可以和although有相同的用法，但是更多时候，while和although有很大差别。While更多用作并列连词，解释为“然而，但是”，说引导的句子不可以置于句首。根据经验，while用作并列连词的时候通常是为了对比前后两种情况。【巩固运用】The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probable one of the highest.（2007天津）A. since B. though C. as D. while2. Think about the fine neck adjustments needed to keep a full bottle of milk on your head while you are walking.【观察思考】The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned.He need/want to see you.They require that I (should) appear.【归纳总结】need、 want、 require的辨析（1）三者后面都接名词代词数词，意为“要”，“需要”。（2）三者后接不定式的被动语态或者动名词的主动语态，表示需要或者应该（3）need和want可以接主动的不定式作宾语，而require不可以。（4） require可以接从句，而且从句谓语必须用虚拟语气。（5）need可以作情态动词，但是require和want不可以。【巩固运用】He _ that I tell him everything I know. (衡水中学质检)A. demanded B. required C. requested D. asked3. Since then, she has never finished lower than fourth in any of the world championship she has competed in.【观察思考】Delegates were delighted, since better protection of rhino reserves will help protect other rare species.Sweet as he is, he doesn't pay his bills.John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.【归纳总结】这里的前面一部分是since引导的时间状语从句。Since不仅可以引导时间状语从句还可以引导原因状语从句。（1）“由于，因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句，一般置于句首相当于now that（2）“自从之后”，可以做状语成分，也可以引导一个状语从句。 需要注意的是，引导原因状语从句的连词的语气是有强弱的：because>since>as【巩固运用】Pop music is such an important part of society _it has even influences our language.(2007上海)A. as B. that C. which D. where4. In 2000，he was the first person ever to swim the entire length of the Danube River in Europea distance of 3004 kilometers in 58 days.【观察思考】My plans are to travel the entire world.They were left with debts totaling £6,260.【归纳总结】entire 整个的全部的。在句中只能作表语，不作宾语这里entire，whole，total都可以作整个的解释。Entire和whole都可以表示事物的完整，total表示数量或程度上“完整，完全”【巩固运用】He put the _ of his money into the bank. (南京统考)A. whole B. all C. part D. complete【课文佳句背诵和模仿】1【原句】Over the last 25 years, he has broken approximately 93 Guinness records. 25年来，他已经打破了大约93项吉尼斯纪录。【模仿要点】Over + 一段时间， sb. has done sth.【模仿】过去30年来，他已经游历了上百个城市。_答案：Over the last 30 years, he has visited hundreds of countries.2【原句】While these activities might seen childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination. 虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚定的决心。【模仿要点】While引导的让步状语从句+ in reality + 主语 + require sth. + as well as【模仿】尽管这些菜肴看上去不是那么好看，但实际上，这些菜肴十分昂贵并且十分可口。_答案：While these dishes are not good-looking，in reality they are pretty expensive as well as delicious.【文化补充】关于吉尼斯世界纪录大全的由来：吉尼斯世界纪录的产生完全出于一次偶然的小争论。20世纪50年代的一天,吉尼斯酿造厂经理比弗爵士(Sir Beaver)在打猎时,突然看见一只从未见过的金色飞鸟。回来之后,比弗向同伴提及此事,大家便开始议论这种鸟是不是欧洲(Europe)飞得最快的鸟。但由于找不到有关文字的记载,最后只好不了了之。不过,比弗没有放弃,他后来来到伦敦,到那里找到开设数据库的孪生兄弟诺里斯·麦克沃特(Norris McWhirter)和罗斯·麦克沃特(Ross McWhirter),但仍然没有问出结果。于是,一个大胆的计划便在他脑海中萌发出来:自己动手编一本书。因此,他和麦克沃特兄弟合作成立了一个专门收集世界之最的资料机构,取名为吉尼斯公司,并于1955年8月7日正式出版了第一本吉尼斯世界纪录大全(Guinness Book of World Records)。该书问世后便引起读者极大的兴趣,成为畅销书(best seller)。现在吉尼斯世界纪录大全编辑中心共有50位编辑(editor)。吉尼斯编委会认可纪录的原则是:第一!惟一!超乎寻常的技艺,同时符合吉尼斯的伦理标准,拒不承认如带着越来越小的降落伞(parachute)从高空跳下之类的纪录。吉尼斯世界纪录大全内容共分为12大部分,几乎包括人类世界各个方面:(1)人类(THE HUMAN BEING);(2)动植物王国(THE ANIMAL AND PLANT KINGDOMS);(3)自然界(THE NATURAL WORLD);(4)宇宙与空间(THE UNI-VERSE AND SPACE);(5)科学世界(THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD);(6)艺术与娱乐(THE ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT);(7)世界建筑(THE WORLD'S STRUC-TURES);(8)机械世界(THE MECHANI-CAL WORLD);(9)商业世界(THE BUSI-NESS WORLD);(10)人类世界(THE HU-MAN WORLD);(11)人类成就(HUMAN ACHIEVEMENTS);(12)体育、游戏与游艺(SPORTS,GAMES && PASTIMES)。编委们每年要花大量的时间审查、分析与纪录有关的资料,从中筛选出有价值的世界纪录并证明属实才能列入吉尼斯世界纪录大全。申请者寄送的必需材料为一张彩照,从刊登过的报刊上剪下来的剪报和由两位独立目击者签名的宣誓书。纪录一旦列入大全,不仅可为申请者带来国际名声,而且还可为他带来社会地位的晋升和财富。吉尼斯世界纪录大全现已被译成35种文字,在世界各地发行6500万册。【巩固练习】一、 单项选择（15个）(唐山一中模拟卷)1. Has the little girl passed _ P.E. test? She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have _ third try.A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the2. Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds be pretty cold .A. must B. can C. ought to D. need 3. What do you think of the service here? Oh, _ . We couldnt have found a better place.A. too bad B. sorry C. wonderful D. impossible4. There no strong earthquake in the area in the near future, people have no fear in mind. A. being B. will be C. be D. going to be5. What should I do with the text? the topic sentence of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found out C. To find out D. Find out 6. Susan was expecting her favorite singers, but to her disappointment, appeared.A. someB. none C. everyoneD. no one7. It is really hard to find a nice place in this city we can have a picnic.A. where B. that C. which D. when8. The plane must be ready within ten minutes. There should be no in sending the blood to the injured people.A. hurry B. delayC. timeD. wait 9. It is reported that a merchant ship sank fifty miles _ the French coast. A. on B. byC. alongD. off10. Have you got your result of the final? Not yet. I was told that the papers .A. were not grading B. have already been graded C. were still being graded D. have not grading11. A new library is being built _ there was a playground .A. thatB. in which C. whereD. when12. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waitingB. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited13. My mum is a typist. I know this sort of work _ skill and speed.A. asks for B. looks for C. calls for D. pays for14. As far as I know, he is seldom, _ , late for school.A. if so B. if never C. if everD. if any 15. Are you getting a new apartment this year? _ I cant afford to pay my bills, let alone buy a new apartment.A. Dont mention it. B. You must be joking. C. Are you sure? D. Good idea.1 5 CBCAD 610 BABDC 1115CACCB二、完形填空（山东质检）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we _16_ realize that those challenges are the very things that _17_ us and make us who we are, it is the same with the challenges that come with _18_.When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two _19_. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing _20_ the challenge isnt worth the _21_ and call it quits. Although there are certainly _22_ when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most _23_ all that is needed is _24_ and communication.When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how _25_ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to _26_ it and work it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a _27_ for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. _28_ you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,” _29_ “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for _30_ they are: small hurdles you need to jump or _31_ on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is _32_ to get over, and hurt only _33_ to make us stronger. Its all part of growing up, it _34_ to everyone, and some day you will _35_ all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”16. A. seem to B. come to C. hope to D. try to17. A. design B. promote C. direct D. shape18. A. confidence B. pressure C. friendship D. difficulty19. A. opportunities B. expectations C. choices D. aspects20. A. demanding B. deserving C. predicting D. presenting21. A. comment B. loss C. trouble D. expense22. A. spans B. times C. dates D. ages23. A. cases B. fields C. parts D. occasions24. A. assessment B. commitment C. encouragement D. adjustment25. A. doubtful B. shameful C. harmful D. painful26. A. keep B. control C. face D. catch27. A. space B. plan C. topic D. room28. A. If B. As C. While D. Unless29. A. other than B. rather than C. or rather D. or else30. A. what B. who C. where D. which31. A. pass by B. come across C. get through D. run over32. A. unnecessary B. necessary C. impossible D. possible33. A. serves B. means C. aims D. attempts34. A. opens B. appeals C. goes D. happens35. A. look down on B. look back to C. look forward to D. look up to 答案及解析：16. B。因为前面有as we grow older这一过程，所以要选择come to realize，表示“逐渐认识到”。17. D。shape在这儿是动词，表示“塑造”。选择该词与下文中的make us who we are意思相一致。18. C。根据本文的整体内容以及最后一段的第一句判断，本文的主旨是challenges in friendship。19. C。根据下文中we can beat it off, or we can decided that判断，此处应该是讲到我们有两种选择。20. D。词意辨析题。presenting the challenge是现在分词短语作定语，修饰the thing，presenting是to show something的意思。21. C。上文中讲到的第一种选择是beat it off是表示“击退”，而第二种是对于不值得去做的可以call it quits，表示停止去做，即“放弃”。22. B。times在这儿表示时候，相当于sometimes。23. A。in most cases是固定搭配，意思是在大多数情况下。24. B。根据下一段的第一句话，可以判断这儿应该填commitment，而且根据下一段中对于该词的解释，commitment的意思是“承担义务、责任”。25. D。painful与下文中的uncomfortable属于同一范畴。26. C。根据下文中的instead of running away from it可以推测这儿应该填face，“面对”的意思。27. A。space这儿表示空间。该空之前有一个不定冠词“a”，说明该词是可数名词，而room做可数名词时只有“房间”的意思，所以据此可以排除选项room；而space做可数名词时意思是an area, especially one used for a particular purpose，这儿的purpose就是后面的discussion，所以我们判断是space。28. A。根据句子上下文逻辑判断应该选择If。29. B。表示选择，亦即“我的感情受到了伤害”而不是“你伤害了我的感情”。30. A。31. C。该句是倒装句，正常语序应该是You need to jump or get through on your way through life。32. C。该句的意思是没有什么大不了的事无法逾越。33 A。其他选项均有主观
