初中英语语法整理(人教版).doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流初中英语语法整理(人教版)【精品文档】第 10 页一. 词汇 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在中"， "在内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在上"。例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示"的"。例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？ - What can you see in the classroom? - I can see a bag. - Where's the bag? - It's on the desk. - 你能在教室里看到什么呀？ - 我能看见一个书包。 - 书包在哪呀？ - 在桌子上。 3.some和any 在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。 在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如： Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 记住它们的特殊用法。 some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如： Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？ any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如： Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。 4.family family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong. 7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如： 8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"的"。一般有以下几种形式： （1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 （2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 （3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 （4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。 （1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 （2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思， 肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 （1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 （2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. -Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ -Yes, there is. 有。 -Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ -No, there aren't. 没有。 （3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . -How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ -There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 （4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？英语语法练习题I. be 动词 (用be动词的正确形式填空)1. _ your grandmother thin or chubby (胖乎乎的) ? 2. Where _ your book on snakes? 3. Where _ my pencil case and my notebook?4. There _ nine people in my family.5. -How much _ the exercise book and the magazine? -That _ ninety dollars.6. Ben _ a middle school student, and his parents _ architects. 7. Scott likes action movies best. His favorite actors _ Jackie Chan and Jet Li.8. - What color _ your shoes? - Black.9. - Hello. My name _ Jack. This is my friend. His name _ Tom.- Nice to meet you. I _ Rick.10. _ you still a librarian? No, I _ an accountant now. II. 用a ，an，the 或者 填空1) There is _ water on the floor. 2) There is _ orange on _ desk. 3) What do you know about _ pandas? 4) I want to have _ chicken for dinner. 5) There is _ fish in the bow. Look! It can swim very fast.6) There is_ m in climb and there is _ u in country.7) I dont like _ broccoli but I like _ apples. 8) My brother is _ engineer, and my sister is _ executive now. 9) I dont like _ movie. Its boring. 10) _ Jennys birthday is Nov. 12th.11) -Lets go and play _ chess.-Sorry, Im afraid I cant. Its time for me to play _ piano.12) He usually has his _ breakfast at 7:00am and goes to _ school at 7:30.IV. 写出下列名词的复数形式1) Cemetery_2) tooth _3) country _4) month_5) sandwich_ 6) brush _ 7) candy bar_8) kangaroo _9)man _ 10) day _11) watch _12) photo _13) orange _ 14)dictionary _15) tomato _ 16) dollar _17) peach_18)strawberry _19)church_20)child _V. 用动词的正确形式填空1. You _ from India. Brian _ from Korea. And I _ from China. (be)2. I _Chinese and English. Brian _ German, Chinese and English. (speak)3. George _from Italy but he _ spaghetti very much. (come, like)4. Penguins _ in Antarctica. Its cold, so no people want _ _ there. (live)5. The movie is very scary. I _ _ it is a good movie for kids. (think)6. - Can I _ your dictionary?-I am sorry. My dictionary is at home but I think Mary _ one. (have)7. We are in the music club. Tom _ _ the piano. Michael and Diana _ _ the violin. I _ _ the guitar. (play)8. The 1st class _ (start)at 8:00 oclock and it _ (be) over at 8:40.9. His mother is a teacher. She _ (teach) Chinese in our school.10. I usually _ (come) to the classroom at 7:00 am. But he always _ (come) to school at 7:50 am.11. Julia always _ (go) shopping by car. But sometimes she _ (take) a bus.12. -_ (Do) your father usually help you with your homework? 13. -Yes, he _ (do). 14. He _(not go) home on weekends. So he always _(wash) clothes by himself.15. Peter _ (speak) English very well. He can also _(speak) French and German.16. David _(not play）football. He only _ (watch) the football games on TV.17. My brother and I _(want) to go to see an action movie. _(do) you want to go?18. My uncle _ ( not need ) a calculator. 19. -_( Do ) Peter have a baseball ? - Yes, he _ (do), and he _ two baseball bats. 20. Mum, can you _ ( take ) me to the tennis club?21. - May I help you?- Yes, I _ ( look ) for a book on gardening.III. 选择正确的介词填空in after on for at with to behind of by1. My family often buy clothes _ HuaXing store _ weekends.2. Can you help the children _ English? You may come _ our club.3. Im looking _ some presents. These shops may have many kinds _ things _ sale. Save your money till then! 4. How many cities are there _ Greece? -I dont know. 5. Look, the birds are _ the tree! 6. When is her birthday? I cant rememberIts _ January.7. Mr. Green always goes to work _ bus. He has to get up _ 6 oclock _ the morning. 8. Come on! Im hungry. What do we have _ dinner?9. Dont eat and read _ night. That is bad _ your health.10. Come and see _ yourself _ Wendys store!11. We live _ London. How about you? Where do you come _?12. _ Sunday morning, I usually sleep late _ home. 13. Jack is shorter than Sam, but Jack is sitting _ Sam.14. Here is a photo _ your family. 15. There arent many people _the train _ five oclock _ the morning. VI. 句型转换练习Part 1： 单复数转换。1. How much is that? 2. Is your uncle behind the armchair? 3. They go to the park by bus.4. There are buses to Manchester every day.5. A kangaroo can jump 30 kilometers an hour.6. Here are some good newspapers. 7. They cant walk.8. She doesnt have an orange hat. 9. They are army officers. 10. Baby koala bears arent very big but adult polar bears are very strong.Part 2： 将下列句子改为一般疑问句, 并作肯定和否定两种回答。1. I have a dictionary.2. There are a lot of animals in the zoo.3. He does his homework at night.4. Dogs live in all parts of the world.5. Greenfield is a small village in England.Part 3： 将下列句子改为否定句。1. There is a very high waterfall in Venezuela.2. Egypt has a very long river.3. She does her homework every day.4. I come to school by bus.5. She can swim very well. Part 4： 对划线部分提问。1. There is one radio in the living room. 2. The library is behind the police station. 3. Baby koala bears are only 2 centimeters tall.4. They can jump and swim.5. You can check out three 6. Peter does his homework with Mary.7. Kangaroos live in Australia. 8. Vera and Hillary come from England.9. Hes buying bananas at the store. 10. They are secretaries. Part5：综合句型练习:1.My friend Tom usually goes to see action movies on weekends. (就画线部分提问)2. Tom has a red jacket and a blue sweater. (就画线部分提问)3. Moms keys are in the drawer. (就画线部分提问)4. The yellow hat is 10 dollars. (就画线部分提问)5. My grandfather likes documentaries. (改为否定句)6. My mother usually goes to see action movies. (改为一般疑问句,并做否定回答)7. Is it a red tomato? (改为复数句)8. That is my family photo.(改为复数句)初一英语语法练习题I. be 动词 (用be动词的正确形式填空)1. Is 2.is 3.are 4.are 5.are; is6.is;are 7.are 8.are 9.is,is,am 10. Are ;mII. 用a ，an，the 或者 填空1./ 2.an,the 3.the 4./ 5.a 6.an,a 7.a, an 8.an,an 9.the 10./ 11./ 12./ 13./ /IV. 写出下列名词的复数形式1) Cemeteries 2) teeth 3) countries4) months5) sandwiches 6) brushes7) candy bars 8) kangaroos 9)men 10) days11) watches12)photos13)oranges 14)dictionaries15) tomatoes 16) dollars17) peaches18) strawberries 19)churches20) childrenV. 用动词的正确形式填空7. 1.are_,is,am2.speak ,speaks; es,likes4.live,to live ; 5.dont think 6.borrow_ _has_7.is playing ,are playing_, am playing 8.starts,is;9.teaches; e,comes; 11.goes_takes; 12Does ,does_13.doestgo,washes;14speaks,speak; 15.doesnt, play_watches;16.want,do; 17.doesnt need_ 18.Does_, does_has_ 19.take 20. am lookingIII. 选择正确的介词填空1. in, at 2. in, to 3. at, with, on 4. in 5. in 6. in 7. by, at, in, 8. for 9. at, for 10. by, at 11. in, from 12. On, at 13. behind 14. in 15. ,on, at, in VI. 句型转换练习Part 1： 单复数转换。1.How much are these? 2.Are your uncles behind the armchair? 3.He goes to the park by bus. 4.There is a bus to Manchester every day.5.Some kangaroos can jump 30 kilometers an hour.6.Here is a piece of newspaper. 7.He cant walk.8.They dont have an orange hat. 9.He is an army officer. 10.Baby koala bear isnt very big but adult polar bear is very strong.Part 2： 将下列句子改为一般疑问句, 并作肯定和否定两种回答。1.Do you have a dictionary? Yes, I have. No, I dont have.2.Are there a lot of animals in the zoo? Yes, there are . No, there arent.3. Do they go to the park by bus? Yes,they do. No, they dont .4.Does he do his homework at night? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.5.Do Dogs live in all parts of the world? Yes , they do. No , they dont.7. Is Greenfield a small village in England? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.Part 3： 将下列句子改为否定句。1.There isnt a very high waterfall in Venezuela.2.Egypt doesnt have a very long river.3.She doesnt do her homework every day.4.I dont come to school by bus. 5.She cant swim very well. Part 4： 对划线部分提问。1.How much radios in the living room? 2.Where is the library?3.How long are Baby koala bears? 4.What can they do ?5.Where can I check out ? 6.What does Peter do with Mary?7.Where do Kangaros live? 8.Where do Vera and Hillary come from?9.What is he doing at the store? 10.What are they?Part5：综合句型练习:1.When does your friend Tom usually go to see action movies?2.What does Tom have. 3.Where are Moms keys?4.How much is the yellow hat? 5.My grandfather doesnt like documentaries. 6.Does your mother usually go to see action movies?7.Are they red tomatoes. 8.They are our family photos.