非谓语动词讲解及练习题.doc

非谓语动词非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制.非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do 动名词：v-ing 用做名词分词（现在分词doing和 过去分词V-ed）（高考）考点一： 不定式1.不定式的基本形式是to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed.2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb)动词不定式。It's important (for us) to protect environment.注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。It's very kind of you to help me.(2)作宾语He wants to go out with her.注:一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。Would you like to see a film this evening?当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to read English every day.(3) 作表语 句型： 主语 + be + to do sth .如：My groups task is to find out the cost to go by train.（4）作目的状语如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。(5) 作宾语补足语不能 省略to：ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。 必须省略to的动词不定式（一感，二听，三让，四看见。）常见省略to的动词不定式的搭配有：如：My mother makes me help that old woman.我妈妈让我帮助那位老妇人。I often see him run on the road.我经常看到他在马路上跑步。常见不带to的句型有：(6) , 作后置定语 如：The best way to travel there is by train.【知识拓展】不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。He didn't know where to go. (where to gowhere he should go) 他不知道去哪里。疑问词who, what, when, where,how,which等与动词不定式连用可用作主语或宾语When to go to Beijing has been decided.什么时候去北京已经定下来了。(作主语) I havent decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语) “疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句 如：Can you tell me where to buy the scarf? =Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf?你能告诉我从哪里能买到这条围巾吗？考点二 动名词动名词由动词原形­ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。动名词两种形式: 动词+V-ing 和 介词+V-ing1.作主语如：Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2. 后常接动名词的动词及动词词组finish，enjoy，practice，imagine，mind，keep，allow,consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun (in) doing sth,stay up, be busy,keep onwaste time doing sth ；can't help/can't stop doing sth ；be used to(习惯于)+doing sth后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。介词后接动名词，keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，pay attention to, look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be fond of,be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。3.当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.4不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Shanghai is a good place to live in. I don't have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to worry about.考点三 分词 分词的构成:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ ed”，但也有不规则的形式。注：1,现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人,2，动词+ ing 可以作形容词来修饰名词（a tiring film）如：He is surprised to hear the news.The news is surprising. 一，有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别try to do 努力做 try doing 尝试做二，现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束) 三，现在分词与过去分词的区别在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 ,a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人a moving film一场感人的电影 ,the moved people被感动的人们在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家, the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳 , the risen sun 升起来的太阳四，易混句式：have sb.do sth，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作。且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。（ ）1.Susan doesnt like sports,so she has decided _ join the PE club. A.to B.dont C.not to D.dont to（ ）2. Would you like_ the Wutong Mountain tomorrow? If my mother _ , I ll go with you.A. climbing; will allow B.climbing; allowsC. to climb; allows D. to climb; will allow（ ）3.- Its going to rain. Remember_ an umbrella when you go to school. All right, Mom.A. taking B. bringing C. to take D. to bring（ ）4.The little boy pretended _ when his mother came in.Asleeping Basleep Cto asleep Dto be asleep（ ）5.The book is well worth reading.I plan_ one.Ato buy Bbuying Cbuy Dbuys（ ）6. A British high school is going to allow students _ lessons in the afternoon.A .start B. starting C. to start D.start to（ ）7.Im sorry, Mr. Hu. I _ my English exercise book at home.It doesnt matter. Please remember _ here this afternoon.A. forgot; to bring B. left; to take C. forgot; to take D. left; to bring（ ）8. How kind you are! You always do what you can _others.A.help B. helping C. helps D. to help（ ）9. The show was so funny that it made everyone_ again and againAlaugh Blaughed Claughing Dto laugh（ ）10. I remember _ to Beijing when I was a child.A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.being taken （ ）11. Though he often made his little sister_ ,today he was made_ by his little sister. A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry（ ）12. The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.A.to drive B.not to drive C. driving D.dont drive（ ）13. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned （ ）14.- It's too hot. Would you mind _the door? - _. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea （ ）15. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying （ ）16-Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived （ ）17. We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed ( )18，Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we dont break anything.(2017) A.make B. made C. to make D.making( )19 . The boss asked Tim to go and _ out if there was anyone else absent.(2016) A. find B. finding C. to find D. found( ) 20. Do you climb mountains every day? Yes, _ a little exercise. Im so out of shape.(2014)A.getting B. get C. got D. to get（ ）21.The boy _ get supper ready after school.(2015) Awas told Bis telling Cwas told to Dtells （ ）22.Martin looks so well. Weve never seen him _ so well before. A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look（ ）23. Do you remember me, Tom? Ah, yes, I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing（ ）24. Jack gives me a piece of paper_.A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in （ ）25. Lets make a fire _ ourselves up. A. to warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed（ ）26.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane _over my head.A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling