2022年初中英语八级下册Unit4知识点语法精讲 2.pdf

八年级下Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips 一、短语归纳：ic strip 连环漫画2.pop out 张大，睁大3.decide on 决定4.video camera 摄像机5.play against 同比赛6.weather forecast 天气预报7.thank goodness 谢天谢地8.make it 获得成功9.think of 考虑，想起，记得What do you think of . ？10.have a good idea 有个好主意11.think about 思考，考虑12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects 音响效果14.at the underground station 在地铁站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 与相同18.be different from 与不同19.a pair of 一双20.at the top of 在顶部21.look out=take care=be careful 当心22.pick up 捡起23.in trouble 在困境中二、重点词汇：1.appear+(to be )+adj. She appears (to be) happy at the news. 她听到这个消息时显得很开心。Appear +to do sth You appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走过很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一样be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel连系动词后接形容词作表语。6 .in trouble 在困境中have trouble with sb./sth.某人 /某物有毛病get into trouble 惹上麻烦have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 费力做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 25 页7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人做某事10.be used to do 被用来做used to do 过去常常做be used to doing 习惯于做三、知识点讲解与拓展：1.character：n. 人物、角色Yue Fei is a great historical character. 2.think of 考虑、思考I m thinking of going to Paris for vacation. 拓展： think of ：想起、记起I can t think of his name. think of ：对有某种看法，常用于“What do you think of ”句型中What do you think of the book？3.add to& add to add to把加到上Please add some salt to the water. add to 添加， 增添（欢乐、 困难等抽象名词）Do you have anything to add to the list? 4.record v. 录音I ve recorded the whole concert. 拓展： record n. 记录set the record创造记录break the record 打破记录hold the record 保持记录5.decide on 决定、选定What made you decide on Plan A? 6.basic adj. 基础的，基本的拓展： base basis (n.)基础basic (adj.)基本的basically (adv,)基本上7.Here it is. 以 here 和 there 开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不倒装；若后面的主语为名词，主谓倒装。Here you are. 给你。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。8.forget v. 忘记forget to do 忘记要做某事（动作没发生）I forget to turn off the light. forget doing 忘记做过某事（动作已发生）I forget opening the door. 9.look like 看上去像Tom looks like his father. 拓展：提问长相：What do/ dose sb. look like? 提问性格：What is sb. like? 10.appear v. 显得，看来，似乎A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway. 拓展： appear （to be） + adj./ n. She appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. You appear to travel quite a lot. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 25 页11.a little & a bit 1) 两者都可以作副词用，用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级），或动词。I m a little/ bit hungry. 2) 用作形容词做定语时，a little 修饰不可数名词，而a bit 后面加 of 再加不可数名词。There s a little water.= There s a bit of water. 12.be ready to do sth. 已完成某事，准备好做某事The contract will be ready to sign in two weeks. 拓展： be/ get ready for sth. 为做好准备Are you ready for your teast? 13.as well as 并且，还。用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。She is clever as well as beautiful. 14.how to do 疑问词 + to do I don t know how to do it. 拓展： what to do 做什么where to go 去哪里why to do 为什么做15.Don t+ 动词原形 . 否定祈使句，意为“不要，禁止”Don t play jokes on me, will you? 16.the same as 和一样The twins look the same as each other. 拓展： be different from 与不同London was different from most European capitals. 17.look 连系动词，意为“看起来，看上去”，厚街形容词作表语。Alice looks happy today. 拓展：连系动词还有：:be(是), look( 看起来 ), feel( 摸上去 ), seem(似乎是 ), appear(似乎、显得 ), prove( 证明是 ), smell(闻起来 ), taste(尝起来 ), sound(听起来 )等18.Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事在 let 引导的祈使句中，sb可以是名词，也可以说代词的宾格。Let him go. let 是使役动词，常用的使役动词还有：make，have， leave 等。They made me repeat the story. 19.a pair of+ 不可数名词 / 可数名词的复数a pair of shoes 20.look out= pay attention to 当心、注意Look out ！There is a car coming！拓展： look out of 向外看She stopped writing and looked out of the window. 21.pick up 捡起，拾起She pick up a flower on the road. 拓展： pick up sth. 捡起某物，当sth.是人称代词的宾格时，放在pick 之后，如： pick it up 。当 sth.是名词时，可以放在pick up 中间或 up 之后，如： pick the pen up= pick up the pen 。22.in trouble 在困境中He s in trouble, let s help him. 拓展：与trouble 相关的短语： get into trouble 惹上麻烦have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难23.success n. 成功I wish you success with your studies. 拓展： succeed v. 成功。 succeed in doing sth. successful adj. 成功的。His business is successful. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 25 页24.tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事He told me the reason. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事The teacher told him to clean the classroom. tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不做某事He told us not to buy clothes in this store. 25.laugh at 嘲笑Don t laugh at him, please. 练习：1. What do you _ your hometown? It is very beautiful. I love it very much. A. look at B. talk about C. think of D. think over 2. When I was in the supermarket, I forgot _ money with me. A.to take B.to taking C. taking D. bringing 3. Could you give me some advice? I dont know _. Why dont you wear this red shirt? A.when to wear B.what to wear C.how to wear D.where to wear 4. Most of my classmates dont like to talk to teir parents, but I am _ them. A.different from B.surprised at C. the same as D. proud of 5. Wheres your ticket? Show _ , please. A.me it B.it me C.me to it D.it to me 6. -Tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. It s very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A. dontB. doesn tC. wont D. cant7. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in 8. I t sure our football team will _ this match.We re the best. A. win B. fail C. lose D. beat 9. Our teacher often tells us _ in the river. It s dangerous. A. dont swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming 10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A.can be learned B.has been learned C.can learn D.has learned 五、语法被动语态（2）一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We visited that factory last summer 主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 25 页一般现在时am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French ? （2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them? The room isn t used by them.一般过去时was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter. Many stories was written by him last year. 现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p. (1)These workers are building a new bridge. （2）He is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers. His car is being mended by him . 过去进行时was / were + being + p.p. (1)He was selling books . (2)They were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time 现在完成时have / has + been + p. p. (1)She has learned many English words. (2)He has finished the work. Many English words have been learned by heThe work has been finished by him . 过去完成时had + been + p.p. (1)They has solved the problem . (2)We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时shall / will be + p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . (2)They are going to fix the radio in an hour. A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hou过去将来时would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. （1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them. A play was going to be put by them the next week.情态动词can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1）We should hand in our homework . （ 2 ） You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us. The question must be answered in English by you .四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“ to” 。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）.h i mbyustotoldoftenarestoriesgInterestin.himbystoriesginterestintoldoftenareWe常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等。2. 在主动语态中， 某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）复合宾语宾语补足语宾语She is often heard to sing this popular song . （被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。3. 有些“ be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。 ”)()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglass被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的（被动语态）比较： 1. 2. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 25 页4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。)()(.ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat.ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat错误正确)()(.seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinThe.seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe错误正确五、不能用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：appear，rise，die，happen，break out，take place 等2.表状态动词不能用于被动语态，如：hold，have，cost，contain，become， look like 等3.某些动词的进行时可表示被动，如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮着。4.主动形式表示被动意义。1)某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste， feel， prove，wear，sound 等。eg：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy. 2)动名词的主动形式表被动语态，如：want，deserve，need，require， take，worth 等。The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。The children need looking after. 孩子们需要照顾。3)某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表被动意义。The conversation is hard to understand. 这个对话很难理解。The fish is not easy to fish. 鱼不容易上钩。The passage is difficult to read. 这段文章很难读懂。练习：1. The mobile phone has influenced people s life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 2. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 3. The sports meeting _next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held 4. Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 5. Annie _ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited 6. Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Ya an.A. is destroyed B. are destroyed C was destroyed D. were destroyed 7. Han Han s books are popular. They _ by many teenagers.A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read 8. Teenagers _allowed to drive. A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be 9. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 10. I want to borrow the book, but I don t know how long it may _. For two weeks. A. keep B. be borrowed C. borrow D. be kept eg：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 25 页11. Many trees _ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 12. Didnt you see the sign No Parking! on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. A. wasnt allowed B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt allow 13. From May 6, pedestrians( 行人 ) _10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.A. will fineB. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined 14.What languages _ in that country? German and English A. are speaking B. are spoken C. speak D. is spoken 15. A year has four seasons and it _ twelve different star signs. A. divided into B. is dividing into C. divided into D is divided into 16. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 17. Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs _ Sorry, mum. Ill do it at once. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned 18. “Frog ”， Mo Yans latest novel, please! Sorry, it _ just now. But it will come out again soon. A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out 19. Do you know Earth Day? Sure. It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet. A. sets up B. set up C. is set up D. was set up 20A lot of trees _around here every year ，and we can enjoy fresher air now A were planted Bare planted Cwill plant Da 能力提升。1. What do you _ your hometown? It is very beautiful. I love it very much. A. look at B. talk about C. think of D. think over 2. When I was in the supermarket, I forgot _ money with me. A.to take B.to taking C. taking D. bringing 3. Could you give me some advice? I don t know _. Why don t you wear this red shirt? A. when to wear B. what to wear C. how to wear D. where to wear 4. Most of my classmates don t like to talk to teir parents, but I am _ them. A. different from B. surprised at C. the same as D. proud of 5. Where s your ticket? Show _ , please. A.me it B.it me C.me to it D.it to me 6. -Tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. It s very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A. don t B. doesn t C. won t D. can t 7. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 25 页8. I m sure our football team will _ this match. We re the best. A. win B. fail C. lose D. beat 9. Our teacher often tells us _ in the river. It s dangerous. A. don t swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming 10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. has learned Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips ic strip 连环漫画2.pop out 张大，睁大3.decide on 决定4.video camera 摄像机5.play against 同比赛6.weather forecast 天气预报7.thank goodness 谢天谢地8.make it 获得成功9.think of 考虑，想起，记得What do you think of . ？10.have a good idea 有个好主意11.think about 思考，考虑12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects 音响效果14.at the underground station 在地铁站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 与相同18.be different from 与不同19.a pair of 一双20.at the top of 在顶部21.look out=take care=be careful 当心22.pick up 捡起23.in trouble 在困境中重点词汇：1.appear+(to be )+adj. She appears (to be) happy at the news. 她听到这个消息时显得很开心。appear+to do sth You appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走过很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一样be different from 和不同精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 25 页5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel连系动词后接形容词作表语。6.in trouble 在困境中have trouble with sb./sth.某人 /某物有毛病get into trouble 惹上麻烦have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 费力做某事7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人做某事10.be used to do 被用来做used to do 过去常常做be used to doing 习惯于做含有情态动词的被动语态：should be 应该should not be 不应该must be 必须must not be 一定不能can be 可以can not be 不可以现在完成时的被动语态：主语 +have/has been + 过去分词After everything has been checked, it is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy. The cartoon characters have been drawn carefully by the artists. 能力提升。1. What do you _ your hometown? It is very beautiful. I love it very much. A.look at B.talk about C.think of D.think over 2. When I was in the supermarke, I forgot _ money with me. A.to take B.to taking C.taking D.bringing 3. Could you give me some advice? I don t know _. Why don t you wear this red shirt? A.when to wear B.what to wear C.how to wear D.where to wear 4. Most of my classmates don t like to talk to teir parents, but I am _ them. A.different from B.surprised at C.the same as D.proud of 5. Where s your ticket? Show _ , please. A.me it B.it me C.me to it D.it to me 6. -Tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. It s very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A.don t B.doesn t C.wo