2022年初中英语名词讲解及专项练习 .pdf

1名词（课时:2 ）一 介绍名词含义: 名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。二名词的分类：专有名词( 人名，地名，机构 ) William，Linda, Canada，China ，the United Nations, WTO 普通名词可数名词 : 包括单数 ( 只有一个 ) 和 复数 ( 两个以上 ). 不可数名词 : 只有单数 . 物质名词 milk， water ， tea ， bread ，beef, meat, rice， fish， coffee，sugar ，salt 抽象名词 information， friendship， knowledge ， work ， advice ， science, news,weather 三重点 : 单数名词变 复数名词的规则：1. 一般情况下，加“s”. eg: books ，stamps， pens ， tables 2.以“ s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，加“es”eg: buses ， boxes ， foxes ， watches ， matches ， beaches ， coaches, brushes 3.以 “o ”, 结尾的，加“es ”or “s ”eg: Negroes ?ni:gr? 、 heroes 、 volcanoes v ?l ?ke?n? 、 tomatoes 、 potatoes、 radios、 pianos 、 zoos 、 photos 、 bamboos、video 需加 es的记忆技巧：黑人 （Negro）英雄（hero）在火山上 （volcano ）爱吃西红柿 （tomato ）和土豆（ potato ）4.以“辅音字母 + y ” 结尾的，把“y”变为“ i ” ，再加“ es ”. eg: city - cities， country - countries， family - families, story - stories 5. 以“ f ” 或 “fe ” 结尾的，把“ f ” 或 “fe ”变为“ ves” 。 eg: thiefthieves wife wives life - lives half halves leaf - leaves ， knife - knives，wolf wolves, shelfshelves, loaf loaves 记忆技巧： 贼人（thief）的妻子 （wife ）在她一生 （life）中用半 （half ）片树叶 （leaf ）当刀子（ knife ）杀死了七匹狼（wolf ）然后去偷架子（shelf ）上的面包（loaf ） 。6）不规则变化：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页man - men ， woman - women ， policeman - policemen, child - children， ox - oxen foot - feet ， tooth - teeth, goose - geese, mouse - mice， fish - fish ， sheep - sheep deer - deer， means means ， Chinese - Chinese， Japanese - Japanese 注意：当 man / woman 作定语、修饰复数名词时，man / woman 与所修饰的名词要同时变为复数。例如： a man teacher - men teachers; a woman teacher - women teachers 四重点：名词的所有格（- 的）（1）单数名词词尾加 s； 以 s 结尾的单数名词，则只加. the boys bag ； Mary s cap ； Mr Jamesoffice （2）复数名词如果不以 s 结尾，则加 s ； 复数名词如果以 s 结尾，则只加. the Childrens Palace mens room the teachers reading-room 10 minuteswalk （3）如果表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后面加 s . 如果表示各自所有，就必须在各个名字后面加 s . This is Tom and Marks room. These are Tom s and Mark s rooms. （4）the + 名词of 名词the windows of the house the name of the city the picture of the Tom s 结构也可以转换成 of 结构the girls name - the name of the girl Tom s friend - the friend of Tom （5）a + 名词 of 名词 s / a + 名词of 名词性物主代词 ( 表示“其中之一” ) a picture of Tom s ; a friend of mine 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页名词专项训练1- Are there any in the zoo ? - Yes, there are some. A. panda B. lion C. tiger D. deer 2There is only one doctor and several nurses in this hospital. A. man / woman B. man / women C. men / woman D. men / women 3- What can I do for you ? - Id like two . A. bottle of orange juice B. bottle of orange juices C. bottles of orange juice D. bottles of orange juices 4This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anna and Jane B. Annas and Jane s C. Anna s and Jane D. Anna and Janes 5We ll have a holiday. What about going to the Great Wall ? A. four days B. four-day C. four-days D. four days 6Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 7How many can you see in the picture ? A. water B. child C. deer D. factorys 8This is an old photo of mine. At that time I had . A. short hairs B. short hair C. many short hair D. much short hairs 9- Where are the ? - They are playing football on the playground. A. boys students / the B. boy students / the C. boy student / X D. boy students / X 10 I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because theres something wrong with his . A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. ears 11 Jenny gave us on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice 12 We have bought two for the coming party. A. box of strawberry B. boxes of strawberries 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页C. box of strawberries D. boxes of strawberry 13 Mr Smith is a friend of . A. John s uncle B. John uncles C. John s uncle s D. John uncle 14 - Would you like tea ? - No, thanks. I have drunk two . A. any / bottle of juice B. some / bottles of juice C. many / bottles of juices D. few / bottles of juice 15 These are the toys. A. child B. children C. children s D. children16 There are hardly any in the river now because of the pollution. A. duck B. fish C. goose D. water 17 She told me the day before yesterday. A. a good news B. such a good news C. so good a news D. a piece of good news 18 I won t go there with you, for I have a lot of to do. A. works B. job C. work D. working 19 There all kinds of in this shop. A. are / watches B. be / watches C. is / watches D. be / watch 20 There are on the desk. A. a paper B. some papers C. a piece of paper D. some pieces of paper 21 I d like , please. A. two bottle of beer B. two bottle of beers C. two bottles of beer D. two bottles of beers 22These are backpacks. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lilys and Lucy s 23 We ll have this summer. A. a two months vacation B. two months vacation C. a two-months vacation D. a two-month vacation 24 I go to the once a month. A. barber B. barbers C. barbers D. barbers 25 I want to know opinion. A. everyones else B. everyone else C. everyone elses D. everyone elses26 I walked into the office, and put the letter on my desk. A. teacher s / teachers B. teachers / teachersC. teacher s / teachers D. teachers / teachers 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页27 There s no for more cars in the parking lot. It is too crowded. A. room B. rooms C. house D. houses 28 My shoes were worn out, so I decided to buy a new . A. show B. shoes C. pair D. one 29 Could you speak in a loud ? I cant hear you clearly. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. throat 30 Only one has been chosen. I dont know whether it is a man or a woman. A. people B. person C. man D. woman 31.You can get much about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C. ticket D. information 32. All the teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women DBCDB CCBDD CBCBC BDCAD CDDCC DACAB DD 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页