2022年初中英语构词法大全 .pdf
学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆初中英语构词法大全1 转化法(conversion) 在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试试。They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。4. 形容词转化为名词He didn t know the difference between right and wrong. 他不辨是非。The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了 ? 6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。2 合成法(composition) 由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词(compounds) 。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。1. 合成名词名词/ 代词+名词newspaper blood-test she-wolf 动词+名词typewriter pickpocket daybreak 形容词+名词greenhouse highway 副词+名词overcoat outside 名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆handwriting reading-room freezing-point 动词+副词/ 副词 + 动词breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome 名词+介词+名词sister-in-law editor-in-chief 2. 合成形容词名词+形容词/ 形容词 +名词world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term 副词+形容词over-anxious evergreen 名词+过去分词man-made sun-burnt 名词+现在分词peace-loving English-speaking 形容词+现在分词good-looking easy-going 副词+过去分词well-informed widespread 副词+现在分词hardworking far-reaching 形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded 数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆数词+名词one-way fivestar 数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old 800-meter-long 名词+to+ 名词face to-face door - to -door 3. 合成动词名词+动词baby-sit sleepwalk 副词+动词outnumber underestimate overwork 形容词+动词whitewash 4. 合成副词形容词+名词meanwhile anyway 形容词+副词everywhere anyhow 副词+副词however 介词+名词beforehand overhead 介词+副词forever 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆5. 合成代词代词宾格 +self/selves herself themselves 物主代词 +self/selves myself yourselves 形容词+名词anything nothing 6. 合成介词副词+名词inside outside 介词+副词without within 副词+介词into 3 派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。1. 前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。(1) 表示否定意义的前缀un-unhappy unfinished undress dis- disagree disbelieve inil-(在字母 l 前) ，im-( 在字母 m,b,p 前) ，ir( 在字母 r 前)-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular mis-misbehave mislead mistake 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆non-nonstop nonsmoker (2) 表示其他意义的前缀en-“使” enrich enlarge encourageinter-“相互” international intercontinentalre- “再，又，重” rethink retell recycletele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraphauto- “自动的” automatic automobileco- “共同” coworker cooperate coexist anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclearmulti-“多” multistory multicultural multicolorbi- “双，二” bicycle bilingual bilateralmicro- “极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputerover- “太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimateself-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control under- “在下面，下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate2. 后缀(1) 形容词后缀- able “可的，具有的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable- al “与有关的” physical, magical, political- an“属于某地方的人” American African - ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern- ful/ less“(没 ) 有的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless- ish “如的 ; 有特征的” foolish childish selfish- ive “有倾向的” active attractive expensive精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆- en“由制成的” golden wooden woolen- ous“有 ( 性质) 的” famous, dangerous, poisonous - ly “有性质的” friendly yearly daily- y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy(2) 名词后缀- er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container- ese“某国 (人) 的” Chinese, Japanese- ian “某国、某地人; 精通的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician - ist “某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist - ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess- ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement- ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness- tion “动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation - ance/ ence “抽象 ; 行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence- th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth- ful “(满的 ) 量” handful, spoonful, mouthful- (a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability- al “过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval- y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty- dom “处于状态; 性质” freedom, boredom- age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage(3) 动词后缀- fy / ify“使得 ; 变得” simplify, beautify, purify- en“使成为 ;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆- ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize(4) 副词后缀- ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrilyward(s) “向” towards, forward, upwards(5) 数词后缀- teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen- ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty- th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页
