2022年定语从句讲解+练习+答案 .pdf

精品资料欢迎下载高中-定语从句讲解练习（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C 、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： Themanwhois shaking hands with myfatheris a policeman. 该句中， whoisshaking hands with myfather是定语从句，修饰先行词the man ，“who ”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man ，在定语从句中作主语。关系代词：指人 who （定语从句中可做主语）Whom （定语从句中可做宾语）指物which 可作主语 / 宾语That 指人=who/whom ，可作主语 / 宾语指物=which，可作主语 / 宾语Whose指人/ 指物，只用做定语，翻译成“的”。（指物时可和 of which替换）As 常和 such as,the same as 连用。 主语/ 宾语关系词 When 表时间，在定语从句中做时间状语， 先行词一般是表时间的词 time ，day,year,moment 等等关系副词 where 表地点，在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词一般是表地点的词， place,city,house,country等等why表原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词一般是the reason注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句来表示。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。Theboys whoare playingfootballare from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thosewhowant to goto the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7 点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old manwhohad losthis way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher whoteaches us physics.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiu is the person ( whom ) you talked about onthe bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman( whom / who)you met justnowis myold friend. 3Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballis a gamewhich is likedby most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4That 指人时，相当于who或 whom ；指物时，相当于which. 。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visiteda scientistwhosenameis knownallover the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroom whosedoor is broken willsoon be repaired. Theclassroom the door of which is broken willsoon be repaired. Doyou likethe bookwhosecover is yellow? Doyou likethe bookthe cover of which is yellow?（三）“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool (which / that)he once studiedin is very famous. Theschool in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowI llbring here the magazine (which / that)you asked for. TomorrowI llbring here the magazine for which you asked. 明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom/ who/ that)I played tenniswith yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We llgo to hear the famous singer (whom/ who/ that)wehave often talkedabout. We llgo to hear the famous singer about whom wehave often talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。ThemanagerwhosecompanyI work in pays muchattentionto improvingour working conditions. Themanagerin whosecompanyI work pays muchattentionto improvingour working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意： 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for,look after,take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that)I amlookingfor.( 正)这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I amlooking.( 误) Thebabies (whom/ who/ that)the nurse is lookingafterare very healthy.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载( 正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabies afterwhom the nurse is lookingare very healthy.（误）若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom ，不可用 who, that ；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用 that 。关系代词是所有格时用whose 。Themanwith whom you talkedjustnowis myneighbour.(正)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( 正) 我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( 误) “介词 +关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all,both, neither,many,most, each, few 等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind tohim. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whomare from big cities. 我们班总共有个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which areabout country life. 迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。词关系代词引导的定语从句特例1). ， .of +关系代词。 2)which 代替 this/that/the （四）关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I stillrememberthe day whenI firstcameto thisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年 10 月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载一起生活的那些年吗？2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：From the years when / in which he was going to primaryschool in the country he had known what he wanted to bewhen he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语， 如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“的”关系词的使用上： A作宾语时可省略 B 可用 that C可用 who代替 whom 非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A 不可省略 B 不用 that C 不可用 who代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例：Theteacher told methat Tomwasthe only person that I could dependon. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。In the streetI sawa manwhowasfrom Africa.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例：His mother, wholoves him very much,is strictwith him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。China, which wasfounded in 1949, is becoming moreand morepowerful.中国是 1949 年成立的， 现在正变得越来越强大。Last summerI visitedthe Peoples Great Hall,in which manyimportantmeetings are held every year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是 everything,anything,nothing (something 除外), all,none, few, little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all,some, no, little,few, much等代词修饰时。如：Haveyou taken downeverythingthat Mr. Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？There seemsto be nothing that is impossibleto him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be donehas beendone. 所有能做的都做好了。There is littlethat I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。Hestayed in the libraryand looked up any informationthat they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who ，如：Anymanthat / whohas a sense of duty won t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / whowere invitedto her wedding were importantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstplace that they visitedin London wasthe Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best filmthat I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。4当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。如：This is the very dictionarythat I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。Afterthe firein his house, the old car is the only thing that heowns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who 。如：Wang Huais the only person in our school whowillattend the meeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。如：Whois the manthat is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？Whichis the T-shirtthat fitsmemost? 哪件 T恤衫最合我的身？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：Theytalkedabout the persons and things that they rememberedat school他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the manandhis donkey that are walking upthe street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。（二）关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarried her, as / which wasnatural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。Heis honest, as / which wecan see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asis knownto all,China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。Heis from the south, as wecan knowfrom his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famouswriter.正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。ZhangHuahas been to Paris morethan ten times,which I dont believe.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslate for school again andagain,which madehis teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。Thesetablesare madeof metal, which madethemvery heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。1. 当先行词受 such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：I ve never heard such storiesas he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。Heis not such a foolas he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the samedictionaryas I lostlastweek. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same修饰时，偶尔也用that 引导定语从句，但与as 引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：Shewore the samedress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Shewore the samedress as her younger sisterwore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。( 三) 以 the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/ in which ) he answered the questions wassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载I dont likethe way(that/ in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：A. I knowa place wherewecan have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I knowa place which / that is famous for itsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。B.I willnever forgetthe days whenwespent our holidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。I willnever forgetthe days that / which wespent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C. This is the reason whyhe wasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which heexplainedto mefor his not attendingthe meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。（五） but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = whodont ）（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。Theplane that has justtaken offis for Paris.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。Thefact that hehas already died is quiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Thenewsthat hetoldmeis true.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。Thenewsthat hehas justdied is true.（同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。Theproblem that weare facing nowis howwecan collectso muchmoney. (定语从句 )我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。Theproblem howwecan collectso muchmoneyis difficultto solve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。Thequestion that he raised puzzled allof us.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载Thequestion whether he is sure to win the gameis hard to answer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子 , 而定语从句则不能。如：A. Theidea that he wecould ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。Theidea wasthat wecould ask the teacher for advice. B. Thefactthat the earth movesaround the sun is knownto all.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。Thefactis that the earth movesaround the sun. C. Payattentionto the problem howwecan protectthe wild animals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。Theproblem is howwecan protectthe wild animals. Exercises: 1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys. A the smallest of which B the smaller of whichC the smallest of them D the smallest one2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_ it will be completely finished. A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_ was taken in london. A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before lived a happy life. A who B whose C in whose D in which 5.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow. A whose B of which C its D that 6.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour. A what B that C which D this 7.1)I have three children,and two of _ are doctors. 2)I have three children, two of _ are doctors. 8.There two thousand students in our school,_ are girls. A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds 9.I have bought two ballpens,_ writes well. A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which （1-6ABDCBC 7-9 B DDC ）特殊结构定语从句点击1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载2. Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me. A. as B. that C. of which D. about which 3. Ive seen the same film _ you saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. like 4. Ill buy the same coat _ you wear. A. that B. which C. as D. like 5. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 6. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. This is the first time _ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which 8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 答案与简析：1. B。 当先行词被 such 修饰时，定语从句用 as 引导，即构成结构为 such+ （a/an ）形容词名词 as 引导的定语从句，意为 .像.一样的 。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。2. A 。由 so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。 as 在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。3. A 4. C 。当先行词被 same修饰时，定语从句由that 或 as 引导，但意思不同。用that 引导定语从句指同一物，而用as 引导定语从句指同类事物。5. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。6. B。s 在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、 中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选，则需将逗号改为that ；如选 D，则需将逗号改为is that。7. A 。当先行词为 the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that 而不用 when 。8. A 。当先行词为 way时，定语从句的引导词用that 或 in which, 也可省略。定语从句 - 实战演练1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that 2.Is this the factory _computers are built ? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red . A. whose B.its C. which D. which of 4.The man _has arrived . A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about