2018届高考完型填空解题方法与技巧初探ppt课件.ppt

2018届高考二轮复习届高考二轮复习高考完型填空解题方法初探红安一中 周智大纲 一、近五年高考真题的简单回顾（综述） 二、考题分析（考什么？） 三、解题方法探究（怎么办？）三、解题方法探究（怎么办？） 四、备考建议一、近五年高考真题的回顾（综述） 1、2017年 故事类 学习手语 2、2016年 故事类 道路救援 3、2015年 故事类 助人为乐 4、2014年 生活哲理类 喜新厌旧，周而复始 （夹叙夹议） 5、2013年 故事类 体验轮椅上的生活 二、考题分析（考什么？） 着重考查考生对语义、语境、语篇的深层次理着重考查考生对语义、语境、语篇的深层次理解解与判断与判断，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。 具体具体考查考生是否能准确判断和选择符合特定考查考生是否能准确判断和选择符合特定上下文上下文语境语境的的动词、名词、形容词、副词或其他词动词、名词、形容词、副词或其他词。动词的考查依然是首位的（动词的考查依然是首位的（17年年多达多达11处）处），同时，同时关注了名词（关注了名词（5处）处）、形容词（、形容词（3处）处）与副词（与副词（1处）。处）。 三、解题方法探究（怎么办？） （一）解题方法与技巧 1、步骤 第一步：跳读全文。第一步：跳读全文。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。 第二步：初选答案。第二步：初选答案。对每一道题进行认真分析，找到答案，遵循先易后难的解题原则。 第三步：推敲解难。第三步：推敲解难。把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的题，通过对篇章作通盘考虑，认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。 第四步：复查验证。第四步：复查验证。解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。2、方法与技巧 以近五年高考题为例 例1、 (2017全国卷一)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain （1）复现法 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上、下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。 复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。 例1、 (2017全国卷一)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 解析：首段首句出现关键词explore，根据原词复现不难选出B选项explore。B 例2、and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50(past) . 42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion 解析：后文（第三段）出现关键词had experienced，根据原词、同义复现不难选出B选项experience，另第43题的解题原理如上。B例3、Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60_ way of communication it opens.45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 例4、I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize解析：以上两题，根据近义复现不难选出正确选项，另第60题解题原理如上。 AC例5、I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 language were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken解析：本段第一句中出现了“neversign language”的表述，结合句意表达需要，根据反义复现可轻松选出D项spoken。D（2）逻辑关系解题法 例6、 I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal （2）逻辑关系解题法 从逻辑意义上来看，篇章的句内、句间、段间逻辑关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等，但有时也可以包含一种以上的逻辑关系，常通过逻辑词进行连接。 表并列：and，but，or，so，while等 表列举：first，second, for example, such as；on one hand, on the other hand；for one thing，for another等 表递进:furthermore, moreover, whats more, besides, in addition等 表示让步和转折关系:though, although, however，nevertheless，still，yet，in spite of等 表示因果关系：because，since，as；so，therefore，thus，accordingly，consequently，as a result等； 表示对照关系：on the contrary，by contrast，in comparison，by comparison等； 表示条件：if，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，unless，in case，so (as) long as，so far as 例6、 I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal 解析：逻辑词and作并列连词时表并列或顺承关系，根据其后的found不难选出A项。A 例7、 I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. 58.A.Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However 解析：结合本段主旨，第58题所在的虚拟条件句是对其上一句进行反向证明，故选C项。C （3）上义词、下义词法 上义词(superordinate)是某一类事物的总称,对事物的概括性、抽象性说明； 下义词（ hyponymy ）是在总称下某一具体的事物或事物的具体表现形式或更为具体的说明。applepearorangebananasugar orangenavel orangesweet orangeFruit 例8、（2016）Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go.57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver解析：fire and emergency people作为police的上义词，不难选出或确定本题答案为B选项。 B 例9、 I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. 47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed 解析：第47小题可结合后文中的下义词hand movements和sign得出performed(表演；执行）即B项。B（4）篇章结构分析法 常见英文篇章、段落结构特点： 1、金字塔式。金字塔式。在此结构中, 主旨段（主旨句）置于文（段）首,启领下文。（总总分分） 2、倒金字塔式倒金字塔式。主旨段（主旨句）在结尾处, 全文（段）的收束。（分分总总） 3、钻石式。钻石式。信息含量较大,篇幅较长的文章,为使读者对文中主旨段增强印象,往往开头有领句, 文章的末尾有结句 。（总总分分总总） 4、哑铃式哑铃式。描写情景,叙述事故,或进行争辩时,作者先写支撑观点的句子,后加以总结,概括出主题段（主旨句）,随后再就这一主题进行扩展讨论。（分分总总分分） 文章的段落大都由三个主要部分构成： 1)主题句阐述段落的中心思想; 2)论证句列举原因、范例、事实或引语来阐明中心思想; 3)结论句表示段落结束，总结本段内容。 例10、 (2017全国卷一)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). 2017全国卷一完型填空文章即为“总分”结构文章，该文首段为主旨段落。 例11、 （2016全国卷一）One thing is 59 Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the womans life. 60. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise 2016全国卷一完型填空文章即为“分总”结构文章，该文末段为主旨段落。 解析：综合全文，从“发现车祸灭火报警安抚离开总结段”的发展过程不难看出是他的“努力”救了别人，故选C项。 （5）背景常识解题 有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还有时对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，最后选出符合题目的最佳答案。 例12、(2016全国卷一)Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along I65 north after delivering to one of his 42 . 42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 解析：42题根据其前一句“在运输公司工作”，结合常识不难判断“他是给一名顾客运送完东西后回程”，故选D项。D 例13、Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. 47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled解析：灭火器是怎样的形状？使用的时候是背着？还是抱着？根据常识当然是选A. got hold of（掌握；抓住；得到）。例13、Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary (临时的) 46 .39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped43. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles44. A. place B. action C. play D. effect45. A. operation B. communication C. transportation D. production46. A. exploration B. education C. experiment D. entertainment41-45 ABCDA 46-50 CBADB 51-55 DBCAC 56-60 DACBD正确答案分布情况：5A 5B 5C 5D（2013年以来皆如此）完形答案分析四、备考建议1、狠抓词汇不放松。特别是3500个考纲词汇，至少通背一遍。 2、做真题，练逻辑。要做近五年高考全国卷真题，做完之后，诵读文章。 3、重视语感的培养，坚持多听、多读。 四大要素 词汇 逻辑 常识 语法 + 一个主题 + 语境