(英语)-英语阅读理解(教育文化)专题练习(及答案)及解析.doc
精品资料（英语） 英语阅读理解(教育文化)专题练习(及答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1阅读理解 The end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The season brings along with it strong winds and snow an environment that's never comfortable to be in. This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature. In Shakespeare's King Lear (1606), the king has given away his kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold，suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings. The winter is bad enough for Lear，but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another Shakespeare play, As You Like It(1599), is fitting for this poor old man's situation: "Blow, blow, thou winter wind/Thou art not so unkind /As ma's ingratitude (忘恩负义)". Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (无人性). There aren't many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare. Once winter became less of a threat to human beings, literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations. The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors. Dickens' A Christmas Carol (1843) was the start of this, but Christmas is still a common, cheery element (元素)in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997) as they sit down for their festive meal： "Harry had never in all his life had such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat，roast turkeys; mountains of roast and boiled potatoes; platters of chipolatas; tureens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce". It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it. Although winter still isn't the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it's safe to say that writers have certainly "warmed up" since Shakespeare's days.（1）What's the author's main purpose in writing this article? A.To recommend some winter stories in literature.B.To explain what winter is like in literary works.C.To describe certain customs that are related to winter.D.To tell us why winter is described as unpleasant in literature.（2）What can we learn from Shakespeare's works? A.Shakespeare didn't like winter for its bad weather.B.King Lear was forced to give up being a king in a cold winter.C.It's in winter when King Lear drove his two daughters off.D.Winter is compared with the ugly side of humanity.（3）Why does the author mention Charles Dickens in the passage? A.Because a lot of his works are related to winter.B.Because he is the most popular author of winter stories.C.Because he started a new way of representing winter.D.Because his works make people feel cheerful in winter.（4）The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is used mainly to show . A.traditional Christmas food makes the winter cheeryB.Christmas is still a symbol of joy in modern storiesC.it's a pleasure to read Christmas-related books in winterD.winter has become the happiest season in literary works【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面经常在文学作品中看到，但随着时间的推移，文学作品中冬天的含义也在发生变化。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature”可知，人们经常可以在文学中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面。随后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面。可推知，作者写本文是为了解释文学作品中的冬天是什么样子的。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (无人性). There aren't many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亚的戏剧皆大欢喜中，冬天被用来展现人性的丑陋。莎士比亚认为，没有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，自狄更斯以来，在文学中这个季节的表现常常是圣诞快乐的庆祝活动。由此可知，作者在文中提到查尔斯·狄更斯是因为他开启了一种描写冬天的新方式。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天气与室内的乐趣形成了对比。再根据第六段第二句话可知，在J. K. Rowling的哈利波特与魔法石中，哈利波特和他的朋友们在享用圣诞大餐时是快乐的。作者通过这个例子说明在现代故事中圣诞节仍然是快乐的象征。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 As a Fulbright（富布莱特法案基金）scholar at Yale, I wanted very much to get some individual help from some famous professors, but their office-hours were only once a week and there were always students waiting outside. At first, I was too polite to get their help. Then I realized that Chinese politeness does not work in this society. I needed to be aggressive to get what I wanted. I also noticed that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students. I was impressed by the role of the professor in the class. The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal verbs-far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said: "this is my personal opinion and it could be wrong. It would be a good idea if you could read the book I mentioned the other day." Or," You may find the book I recommended helpful." Or, "You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting." When making comments on students' performances, the professor usually said:" It might have been much clearer if you had taken in some of the ideas we discussed earlier this semester." In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question. I still remember how annoyed they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than those of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it. That is why they make far more certain statement than American students. That is why Chinese students find it difficult to use modal verbs because the function of modal verbs is to provide room for negotiation and different ideas.（1）The American professors use many modal verbs because they want to_. A. argue with their students B. be more sure about their answersC. express their ideas more clearly D. develop their students' own way of thinking（2）Which of the following statements best expresses the author's idea? A. Chinese professors can always give correct answer to the question.B. American professors are not responsible since they don't give students answers.C. American education produces aggressive students.D. Education in China is not helpful in developing students' creativity.（3）Which of the following methods did the author mainly employ in developing the article? A. Comparison and contrast. B. Cause and effect. C. Giving examples. D. Description.（4）What is the author's attitude towards education in U.S.? A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral D. Unsure【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】文章描述中西方不同的文化背景下，学生的学习方式和表达方式的不同。 （1）推理判断题。根据第二段的内容The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students.教授并不作为权威，给出最后答案，而是作为研究者，和学生一起寻找问题的答案。下句说到他们和学生交流的语言特征是使用很多的情态动词，并举了很多例句，因此可推断美国教授这样做是为了发展学生自己的思维方式。故选D。 （2）推理判断题。根据最后一段中作者的描述，中国学生总是期待教授给出问题的答案，他们对权威的期待比美国学生高的多，一旦中国学生得到答案，他们就很确定。可推断中国教育对发展学生的创造力是没有帮助的。故选D。 （3）细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章通过比较和对比来说明中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同。故选A。 （4）细节理解题。作者只是通过比较和对比来描述中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同，并没有对美国教育加以评论，故作者对美国教育的态度是中立的。故选C。 【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及推理判断题和细节理解题。推理判断题要注意联系上下文，推断出所需信息；细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章，从文中找出所需答案。3阅读理解 When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard: "Will my baby be able to learn my language?" Be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is: "no". New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who could have been able to understand a sentence like this: "Click here to download your digital book."? Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it. Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue.and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon(现象) and don't think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue. You need to learn only 2000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can't avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you. It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics(记忆群). The first few words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word when you have also to learn the trick to memorize it.（1）From the first paragraph, we can infer that _. A. there is no need to know all the words of a foreign languageB. it is honest to answer "no" to a question you don't knowC. a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongueD. people find it hard to memorize vocabulary of their language（2）To learn a foreign language, the author advises you _. A.to remember new words appearing every dayB.to keep up with new ways of using old wordsC.to learn at least 2,000 necessary wordsD.to pay more attention to your bad memory（3）The author's attitude to mnemonics is_. A.supportiveB.neutralC.opponentD.indifferent（4）The passage is mainly about _. A.using old words in a new wayB.learning new words from the contextC.finding a method to memorize vocabularyD.learning vocabulary of a foreign language【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多学习外语的人都有一个困惑是否要记忆足够多的单词，作者的回答是"不"，文章告诉人们应该掌握多少个基本单词，且不能为了学习这些必要的单词而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助记法的方法都是不明智的。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“To be honest，do you know all the words of your mother tongue？The answer isNo“说实话，你知道你母语的所有单词吗?"答案是:"不"。可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“You need to learn only 2，000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.”你只需要学习2000个左右的基本单词就能创造出任何你需要的短语。可知为了学习一门外语，作者建议你至少学习2000个必要的单词。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics.”依靠任何基于记忆术的方法都是不明智的。可知作者对记忆术的态度是反对的。故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary.”当谈到学习一门外语时，许多人想知道他们是否能记住足够的词汇。以及文章主要内容围绕学习外语时的词汇量问题，所以短文主要是关于学习一门外语的词汇量。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country." The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor. Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery. The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill. Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces. So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat. These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images from nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's_ . A. talents in many ways B. success in their careersC. inventions in new fields D. contributions to the country（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's _. A. economy and power B. independence and democracyC. wealth and success D. faith and glory（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. Men on the Money B. the Design of US BillsC. History on the Money D. the Story of US Bills【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。 （1）考查推理判断。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the Father of his country."；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选B。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段
